Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T01:47:53.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dairy cow responses to graded levels of rapeseed and soya bean expeller supplementation on a red clover/grass silage-based diet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2015

M. Rinne ,
K. Kuoppala ,
S. Ahvenjärvi  and
A. Vanhatalo
M. Rinne*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, Animale, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
K. Kuoppala
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, Animale, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
S. Ahvenjärvi
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green Technology, Animale, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
A. Vanhatalo
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 28, FI-00014, Finland
*
†E-mail: marketta.rinne@luke.fi
Get access

Abstract

The effects of rapeseed and soya bean expeller (SBE) supplementation on digestion and milk production responses in dairy cows were investigated in an incomplete Latin square design using five cows and four 3-week periods. The experimental diets consisted of five concentrate treatments fed at a rate of 9 kg/day: a mixture of barley and oats, which was replaced with rapeseed or SBE at two levels (CP concentration (g/kg dry matter (DM)) of 130 for the control concentrate and 180 and 230 for the two protein supplemented levels). A mixture of grass and red clover silage (1:1) was fed ad libitum and it had a CP concentration of 157 g/kg DM. Supply of nutrients to the lower tract was measured using the omasal canal sampling technique, and total digestion from total faecal collection. Protein supplementation increased omasal canal amino acid (AA) flows and plasma concentrations of AA, and was also reflected as increased milk production. However, N use efficiency (NUE) decreased with increased protein supplementation. Rapeseed expeller (RSE) tended to increase silage DM intake and elicited higher milk production responses compared with SBE and also resulted in a higher NUE. The differences between the protein supplements in nitrogen metabolism were relatively small, for example, there were no differences in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis or omasal canal flows of nitrogenous components between them, but plasma methionine concentration was lower for soya bean-fed cows at the high CP level in particular. The lower milk protein production responses to SBE than to RSE supplementation were at least partly caused by increased silage DM and by the lower methionine supply, which may further have been amplified by the use of red clover in the basal diet. Although feed intake, diet digestion, AA supply and milk production were all consistently improved by protein supplementation, there was a simultaneous decrease in NUE. In the current study, the milk protein production increased only 9% and energy-corrected milk production by 7% when high level of protein supplementation (on average 2.9 kg DM/day) was compared with the control diet without protein supplementation showing that dairy production could be sustained at a high level even without external protein supplements, at least in the short term. The economic and environmental aspects need to be carefully evaluated when decisions about protein supplementation for dairy cows are taken.

Keywords

amino acid supplycanoladairy cowprotein supplementationsoybean
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 12 , December 2015 , pp. 1958 - 1969
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahvenjärvi, S, Vanhatalo, A and Huhtanen, P 2002. Supplementing barley or rapeseed meal to dairy cows fed grass-red clover silage: I. Rumen degradability and microbial flow. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2176–2187.Google Scholar
Ahvenjärvi, S, Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P and Varvikko, T 1999. Effects of supplementation of a grass silage and barley diet with urea, rapeseed meal and heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake on milk production and omasal digesta flow in lactating dairy cows. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A Animal Science 49, 179–189.Google Scholar
Ahvenjärvi, S, Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P and Varvikko, T 2000. Determination of forestomach digestion in lactating dairy cows by omasal or duodenal sampling. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 67–77.Google Scholar
Brito, AF and Broderick, GA 2007. Effects of different protein supplements on milk production and nutrient utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 1816–1827.Google Scholar
Brito, AF, Broderick, GA and Reynal, SM 2007. Effects of different protein supplements on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 1828–1841.Google Scholar
Christen, KA, Schingoethe, DJ, Kalscheur, KF, Hippen, AR, Karges, KK and Gibson, ML 2010. Response of lactating dairy cows to high protein distillers grains or 3 other protein supplements. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 2095–2104.Google Scholar
European Commission 1998. Commission Directive 98/64/EC. Community Methods of Analysis for the determination of amino acids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feeding stuffs and amending Directive 71/393/EEC. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
Heikkilä, T, Toivonen, V and Mela, T 1996. Effects of red clover-grass, grass and annual ryegrass silages with two concentrate protein levels on milk production. In Proceedings of 16th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation,15–19 September 1996, Grado, Italy, p. 447–450.Google Scholar
Hoover, WH 1986. Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2755–2766.Google Scholar
Hörtenhuber, SJ, Lindenthal, T and Zollitsch, W 2011. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from feed supply chains by utilizing regionally produced protein sources: the case of Austrian dairy production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, 1118–1127.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P and Nousiainen, J 2012. Production responses of lactating dairy cows fed silage-based diets to changes in nutrient supply. Livestock Science 148, 146–158.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Nousiainen, J and Rinne, M 2006. Recent developments in forage evaluation with special reference to practical applications. Agricultural and Food Science 15, 293–323.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Hetta, M and Swensson, C 2011. Evaluation of canola meal as a protein supplement for dairy cows: a review and a meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91, 1–15.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Rinne, M and Nousiainen, J 2008a. Evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a development of the relative total diet intake index. Animal 2, 942–953.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Nousiainen, JI, Rinne, M, Kytölä, K and Khalili, H 2008b. Utilization and partition of dietary nitrogen in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 3589–3599.Google Scholar
Korhonen, M, Vanhatalo, A, Varvikko, T and Huhtanen, P 2000. Lactation and metabolic responses to graded postruminal doses of histidine in cows fed grass silage diets. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2596–2608.Google Scholar
Korhonen, M, Vanhatalo, A, Varvikko, T and Huhtanen, P 2002. Effect of protein source on amino acid supply, milk production, and metabolism of plasma nutrients in dairy cows fed grass silage. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 3336–3351.Google Scholar
Leiber, F 2014. Resigning protein concentrates in dairy cattle nutrition: a problem or a chance? Organic Agriculture 4, 269–273.Google Scholar
Luke 2015. Feed tables and feeding recommendations, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Retrieved January 13, 2014, from www.luke.fi/feedtables.Google Scholar
McCullough, H 1967. The determination of ammonia in whole blood by direct colorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta 17, 297–304.Google Scholar
Nousiainen, J, Huhtanen, P and Rinne, M 2009. A meta-analysis of feed digestion in dairy cows. 1. The effect of forage and concentrate factors on total diet digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5019–5530.Google Scholar
NorFor 2015. NorFor (Nordic Feed Evaluation System) Feed Tables. Retrieved January 13, 2015, from www.norfor.info.Google Scholar
NRC 2001. Nutrient Requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Olmos Colmenero, JJ and Broderick, GA 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on ruminal nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1694–1703.Google Scholar
Patton, RA 2010. Effect of rumen-protected methionine on feed intake, milk production, true milk protein concentration, and true milk protein yield, and the factors that influence these effects: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 2105–2118.Google Scholar
Rinne, M, Jaakkola, S, Varvikko, T and Huhtanen, P 1999. Effects of type and amount of rapeseed feed on milk production. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science 49, 137–148.Google Scholar
Robinson, PH 2010. Impacts of manipulating ration metabolizable lysine and methionine levels on the performance of lactating dairy cows: a systematic review. Livestock Science 127, 115–126.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Vanhatalo, A and Huhtanen, P 2003. Comparison of heat treated rapeseed expeller and solvent-extracted soya-bean meal as protein supplements for dairy cows given grass silage based diets. Animal Science 77, 305–307.Google Scholar
Tuori, M 1992. Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with special emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system. Agricultural Science in Finland 1, 367–439.Google Scholar
Tuori, M, Rinne, M, Vanhatalo, A and Huhtanen, P 2006. Omasal sampling technique in estimation of the site and extent of mineral absorption in dairy cows fed rapeseed and soybean expellers. Agricultural and Food Science 15, 219–234.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Aronen, I and Varvikko, T 1995. Intestinal nitrogen digestibility of heat-moisture treated rapeseed meals as assessed by the mobile-bag method in cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 55, 139–152.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P, Toivonen, V and Varvikko, T 1999. Responses of dairy cows fed grass silage diets to abomasal infusions of histidine alone or in combinations with methionine and lysine. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2674–2685.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Kuoppala, K, Ahvenjärvi, S and Rinne, M 2009aEffects of feeding grass or red clover silage cut at two maturity stages in dairy cows. 1. Nitrogen metabolism and supply of amino acids. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5620–5633.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Pursiainen, P, Tuori, M, Rinne, M and Jaakkola, S 2009bMetabolic and production responses of dairy cows to two levels of rapeseed and soya-bean expeller supplementation on red clover silage based diet. In Proceedings of XIth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ed. Y Chilliard, F Glasser, Y Faulconnier, F Bocquier, I Veissier and M Doreau), 6–9 September 2009, Clermont-Ferrand, France, pp. 684–685. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar