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The footprint of recent and strong demographic decline in the genomes of Mangalitza pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2019

V. A. Bâlteanu ,
T. F. Cardoso ,
M. Amills Open the ORCID record for M. Amills [Opens in a new window] ,
I. Egerszegi Open the ORCID record for I. Egerszegi [Opens in a new window] ,
I. Anton ,
A. Beja-Pereira  and
A. Zsolnai Open the ORCID record for A. Zsolnai [Opens in a new window]
V. A. Bâlteanu
Affiliation:
Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
T. F. Cardoso
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 7004020 Brasilia D. F., Brazil
M. Amills
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
I. Egerszegi
Affiliation:
Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
I. Anton
Affiliation:
NAIK-Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Food Science, Gesztenyes u. 1., 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
A. Beja-Pereira
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Universidade do Porto (CIBIO-UP), Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal
A. Zsolnai*
Affiliation:
NAIK-Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Food Science, Gesztenyes u. 1., 2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
*
†E-mail: attila.zsolnai@gmail.com
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Abstract

The Mangalitza pig breed has suffered strong population reductions due to competition with more productive cosmopolitan breeds. In the current work, we aimed to investigate the effects of this sustained demographic recession on the genomic diversity of Mangalitza pigs. By using the Porcine Single Nucleotid Polymorphism BeadChip, we have characterized the genome-wide diversity of 350 individuals including 45 Red Mangalitza (number of samples; n=20 from Hungary and n=25 from Romania), 37 Blond Mangalitza, 26 Swallow-belly Mangalitza, 48 Blond Mangalitza × Duroc crossbreds, 5 Bazna swine, 143 pigs from the Hampshire, Duroc, Landrace, Large White and Pietrain breeds and 46 wild boars from Romania (n=18) and Hungary (n=28). Performance of a multidimensional scaling plot showed that Landrace, Large White and Pietrain pigs clustered independently from Mangalitza pigs and Romanian and Hungarian wild boars. The number and total length of ROH (runs of homozygosity), as well as FROH coefficients (proportion of the autosomal genome covered ROH) did not show major differences between Mangalitza pigs and other wild and domestic pig populations. However, Romanian and Hungarian Red Mangalitza pigs displayed an increased frequency of very long ROH (>30 Mb) when compared with other porcine breeds. These results indicate that Red Mangalitza pigs underwent recent and strong inbreeding probably as a consequence of severe reductions in census size.

Keywords

polymorphismspopulationstructureadmixturehomozygosity
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 11 , November 2019 , pp. 2440 - 2446
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

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Footnotes

a

V. A. Bâlteanu and T. F. Cardoso share the first authorship.

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