Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-m9pkr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T03:51:12.090Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Meat odour and flavour and indoles concentration in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue of lambs fed green herbage or concentrates with or without tannins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2009

A. Priolo ,
V. Vasta ,
V. Fasone ,
C. M. Lanza ,
M. Scerra ,
L. Biondi ,
M. Bella  and
F. M. Whittington
A. Priolo*
Affiliation:
DACPA – University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
V. Vasta
Affiliation:
DACPA – University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
V. Fasone
Affiliation:
DISTAFA – Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
C. M. Lanza
Affiliation:
DOFATA – University of Catania, Italy
M. Scerra
Affiliation:
DACPA – University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
L. Biondi
Affiliation:
DACPA – University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
M. Bella
Affiliation:
DACPA – University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
F. M. Whittington
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
*
E-mail: a.priolo@unict.it
Get access

Abstract

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbage or concentrate feeding system and tannin addition to diet on skatole and indole in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue and meat sensory properties. Twenty-eight male lambs aged 45 days were randomly assigned to one of two feeding systems (vetch green herbage or concentrates, n = 14) and within feeding system to one supplement (quebracho tannins added to the diet or none). Animals were kept in singular pens and slaughtered at the age of 105 days. Indole (P < 0.05) and skatole (P < 0.01) concentrations in ruminal fluid were higher in lambs fed herbage compared to those given concentrates. Skatole in ruminal fluid tended to be present at lower concentrations in animals that received the tannin supplementation (P = 0.07). Indole was also higher in the caudal fat of animals fed green vetch compared to those fed concentrate (P = 0.04). Skatole concentration was lower in the fat of lambs fed concentrates compared to those given herbage (P = 0.05) and was lower in the fat of animals supplemented with tannins compared to the animals not supplemented (P = 0.01). Sheep meat odour was lower in meat from animals supplemented with tannins compared to those not supplemented (P < 0.01). It is concluded that tannins are more effective in reducing skatole formation in ruminants when they are associated with concentrate diets than green herbages.

Keywords

feeding systemmeat odoursheepskatoletannins
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , March 2009 , pp. 454 - 460
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Annor-Frempong, IE, Nute, GR, Whittington, FM, Wood, JD 1997a. The problem of taint pork: 1. Detection thresholds and odour profiles of androstenone and skatole in a model system. Meat Science 46, 45–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annor-Frempong, IE, Nute, GR, Whittington, FM, Wood, JD 1997b. The problem of taint in pork – III. Odour profile of pork fat and the interrelationships between androstenone, skatole and indole concentrations. Meat Science 47, 63–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1995. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Carlson, JR, Breeze, RG 1984. Ruminal metabolism of plant toxins with emphasis on indolic compounds. Journal of Animal Science 58, 1040–1049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Organization for Standardization 1988. Sensory analysis – General guidance for design of test rooms. ISO 8589. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
International Organization for Standardization 2003. Sensory analysis – Methodology – General guidance for establishing a sensory profile. ISO 13299. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M, Borowy, NK, Becker, K 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61, 161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNabb, WC, Waghorn, GC, Peters, JS, Barry, TN 1996. The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on the solubilization and degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39; rubisco) protein in the rumen and the sites of rubisco digestion. The British Journal of Nutrition 76, 535–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Min, BR, Barry, TN, Attwood, GT, McNabb, WC 2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 106, 3–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molan, AL, Attwood, GT, Min, BR, McNabb, WC 2001. The effect of condensed tannins from Lotus pedunculatus and Lotus corniculatus on the growth of proteolytic rumen bacteria in vitro and their possible mode of action. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, 626–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nuñez-Hernandez, G, Wallace, JD, Holechek, JL, Galyean, ML, Cardenas, M 1991. Condensed tannins and nutrient utilization by lambs and goats fed low-quality diets. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1167–1177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prache, S, Cornu, A, Berdagué, JL, Priolo, A 2005. Traceability of animal feeding diet in the meat and milk of small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research 59, 157–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priolo, A, Vasta, V 2007. Effects of tannin-containing diets on small ruminant meat quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, 527–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priolo, A, Waghorn, GC, Lanza, M, Biondi, L, Pennisi, P 2000. Polyethylene glycol as a means for reducing the impact of condensed tannins in carob pulp: effects on lamb growth performance and meat quality. Journal of Animal Science 78, 810–816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priolo, A, Micol, D, Agabriel, J 2001. Effects of grass feeding systems on ruminant meat colour and flavour. A review. Animal Research 50, 185–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priolo, A, Cornu, A, Prache, S, Krogmann, M, Kondjoyan, N, Micol, D, Berdagué, JL 2004. Fat volatiles tracers of grass feeding in sheep. Meat Science 66, 475–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priolo, A, Bella, M, Lanza, M, Galofaro, V, Biondi, L, Barbagallo, D, Ben Salem, H, Pennisi, P 2005. Carcass and meat quality of lambs fed fresh sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) with or without polyethylene glycol or concentrate. Small Ruminant Research 59, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, NC, Fraser, K, Lane, GA, Sinclair, BR, McNabb, WC 2004. Polyethylene glycol increases intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of indole and skatole in sheep fed Sulla. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 13, 339–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sañudo, C, Enser, ME, Campo, MM, Nute, GR, María, G, Sierra, I, Wood, JD 2000. Fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of lamb carcasses from Britain and Spain. Meat Science 54, 339–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schreurs, NM, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, López-Villalbos, N, McNabb, WC 2007a. Effect of different condensed tannins-containing forages, forage maturity and nitrogen fertiliser application on the formation of indole and skatole in in vitro rumen fermentations. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, 1076–1087.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, NM, Marotti, D, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, López-Villalbos, N, McNabb, WC 2007b. Concentration of indoles and other rumen metabolites in sheep after a meal of fresh white clover, perennial ryegrass or Lotus corniculatus and the appearance of indoles in the blood. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, 1042–1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, NM, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, McNabb, WC, Cummings, T, Fraser, K, López-Villalbos, N 2007c. The effect of supplementation of a white clover or perennial ryegrass diet with grape seed extract on indole and skatole metabolism and the sensory characteristics of lamb. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, 1030–1041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, NM, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, López-Villalbos, N, McNabb, WC 2007d. Controlling the formation of indole and skatole in in vitro rumen fermentations using condensed tannins. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, 887–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreurs, NM, McNabb, WC, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, Cummings, T, Fraser, K, López-Villalbos, N, Ramirez-Restrepo, CA 2007e. Skatole and indole concentration and the odour of fat from lambs that had grazed perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture or Lotus corniculatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology 138, 254–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebastiàn, I, Viallon, C, Berge, P, Dransfield, E, Berdagué, JL 2003. Analysis of the volatile fraction and the flavour characteristics of lamb: relationships with the type of feeding. Sciences des Aliments 23, 497–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Schreurs, NM, Fraser, K, Meagher, LP 2005. The effects of condensed tannins from Dorycnium rectum on skatole and indole ruminal biogenesis for grazing sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 1331–1337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasta, V, Priolo, A 2006. Ruminant fat volatiles as affected by diet. A review. Meat Science 73, 218–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vasta, V, Mele, M, Makkar, HPS, Priolo, A 2008. Linoleic acid isomerase activity in ruminal fluid and ruminal biohydrogenation as affected by tannins in vitro. The British Journal of Nutrition (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waghorn, GC, Ulyatt, MJ, John, A, Fisher, MT 1987. The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L. The British Journal of Nutrition 57, 115–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wales, WJ, Doyle, PT, Dellow, DW 1999. Degradabilities of dry matter and crude protein from perennial herbage and supplements used in dairy production systems in Victoria. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, 645–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, OA, Berdagué, JL, Viallon, C, Rousset-Akrim, S, Theriez, M 1997. Fat-borne volatiles and sheep meat odour. Meat Science 45, 183–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, OA, Lane, GA, Priolo, A, Fraser, K 2003. Pastoral and species flavour in lambs raised on pasture, lucerne or maize. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, 93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar