Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-89wxm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T20:28:44.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Automated Graduation using Bayesian Trans-dimensional Models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2011

Abstract

This paper presents a new method of graduation which uses parametric formulae together with Bayesian reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The aim is to provide a method which can be applied to a wide range of data, and which does not require a lot of adjustment or modification. The method also does not require one particular parametric formula to be selected: instead, the graduated values are a weighted average of the values from a range of formulae. In this way, the new method can be seen as an automatic graduation method which we believe can be applied in many cases without any adjustments and provide satisfactory graduated values. An advantage of a Bayesian approach is that it allows for model uncertainty unlike standard methods of graduation.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Broffit, J.D. (1988). Increasing and increasing convex Bayesian graduation. Transactions of Society of Actuaries, 40, 115148.Google Scholar
Carlin, B.P. (1992). A simple Monte Carlo approach to Bayesian graduation. Transactions of Society of Actuaries, 44, 5576.Google Scholar
Congdon, P. (2006). Bayesian Statistical Modelling. John Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czado, C., Delwarde, A., Denuit, M. (2005). Bayesian Poisson log-bilinear mortality projections. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 36(3), 260284.Google Scholar
Forfar, D.O., McCutcheon, J.J., Wilkie, A.D. (1988). On Graduation by Mathematical Formula. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 115, 1149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamerman, D., Migon, H.S. (1993). Bayesian dynamic hierarchical models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 55(3), 629642.Google Scholar
Gelfand, A.E., Smith, A.F.M. (1990). Sampling-based approaches to calculating marginal densities. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 398409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Rubin, D.B. (1995). Bayesian Data Analysis. Chapman and Hall, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geman, S., Geman, D. (1984). Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distribution, and the Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 6, 721741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilks, W.R., Richardson, S., Spiegelhalter, D.J. (1996). Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Gompertz, B. (1825). On the Nature of the Function Expressive of the Law of Human Mortality, and on a New Mode of Determining the Value of Life Contingencies. In a letter to Francis Bailey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 115, 513583.Google Scholar
Green, P.J. (1995). Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian model determination. Biometrika, 82, 711732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastings, W.K. (1970). Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications. Biometrika, 57, 97109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heligman, L., Pollard, J.H. (1980). The Age Pattern of Mortality. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 107, 4980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, A.M., Evers, L., Whiteley, N. (2010). Monte Carlo Methods. Lecture Notes, Department of Mathematics, University of Bristol.Google Scholar
Kimeldorf, G.S., Jones, D.A. (1967). Bayesian graduation. Transactions of the Society of Actuaries, 19, 66112.Google Scholar
Lunn, D.J., Best, N., Whittaker, J.C. (2009). Generic reversible jump MCMC using graphical models. Statistics and Computing, 19, 395408.Google Scholar
Lunn, D.J., Thomas, A., Best, N., Spiegelhalter, D. (2000). WinBUGS – a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Statistics and Computing, 10, 325337.Google Scholar
Macdonald, A.S. (1996). An Actuarial Survey of Statistical Models for Decrement and Transition Data. I: Multiple State, Binomial and Poisson Models. British Actuarial Journal, 2, 129155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makeham, W. (1859). On the Law of Mortality and the Construction of Annuity Tables. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 8, 301310.Google Scholar
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A.W., Rosenbluth, M.B., Teller, A.H., Teller, E. (1953). Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 21, 10871092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neves, da Rocha C., Migon, H.S. (2007). Bayesian graduation of mortality rates: an application to reserve evaluation. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 40, 424434.Google Scholar
Scollnik, D.P.M. (2001). Actuarial Modeling with MCMC and BUGS. North American Actuarial Journal, 5(2), 96124.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. (1990). A Bayesian Interpretation of Whittaker-Henderson Graduation. Paper presented to the Risk Theory seminar, Mathematschers Forschungsinstitut, Oberwolfach, Federal Republic of Germany.Google Scholar
Verrall, R.J. (1993). A State Space Formulation of Whittaker-Henderson Graduation, with Extensions. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 13, 714.Google Scholar
Whittaker, E.T. (1923). On a new method of graduation. Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, 41, 6375.Google Scholar