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Excavations in Macedonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

Extract

The place known as Chauchitsa lies some sixty kilometres to the north of Salonika (Fig. 1). It was identified first as an ancient site at the end of the year 1917, during military operations. During the digging of trenches and other works antiquities were discovered which were recognised as belonging to the various stages of culture of a period extending from Neolithic to Roman times. The majority of the objects so discovered I published in the Annual of the British School for 1918–1919.

On April 15th this year I paid a preliminary visit to the site. While considerable damage had been done by the cutting of trenches, I felt satisfied that sufficient of the original ground remained undisturbed to justify excavation. I therefore commenced excavation on the 28th of April, 1921. As the isolation of the site made the conditions of a small test excavation of this nature somewhat difficult I decided to continue only, for such time as would enable me to ascertain the general nature of the site.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1921

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References

page 1 note 1 I take the opportunity of acknowledging here my very great indebtedness to my friend M. Pelekides, Ephor of Antiquities for Macedonia, who gave me much help in the preliminary arrangements and the fullest access to the results of his own excavations in the neighbourhood of Salonika, which throw considerable light upon the discoveries at Chauchitsa. I must also express my thanks to the Greek Government for granting permission to the British School for my excavation at Chauchitsa, and to the officers of the military frontier patrol at Bohemitsa for very great kindness in the way of occasional supply and transport. The cost of the excavations was covered by a grant from the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

page 1 note 2 This spelling of the name corresponds to the modern pronunciation.

page 9 note 1 See Seure, G.: Archéologie Thrace (Première Série, 1913), p. 62Google Scholar, and p. 61, inscription No. 40. This inscription is the only one from Thrace which actually refers to the law against τυμβωρυχία. Two similar references come from Asia Minor. There is no dearth of inscriptions both in Thrace and in Macedonia which refer to the offence without mentioning the law against it.

page 10 note 1 Morgan, De, Mission Scientifique au Caucase, p. 56.Google Scholar

page 10 note 2 B.S.A. xviii, p. 9.

page 10 note 3 The Iron Age tombs at Theotokou, in Thessaly, (B.S.A. xiii. p. 321et seq.)Google Scholar were of this nature and contained no trace of incineration. The necropolis of Mouci-Yeri in the Caucasus (De Morgan, op. cit. p. 40) contained a large number of stone Slab Graves of the same general type as that of Chauchitsa. The principal difference between the two is that the Chauchitsa tomb was made to hold a body lying at full length, while those of Mouci-Yeri were shorter and made to hold bodies in a crouching position.

The graves of Hallstatt seem to resemble for the most part those of the hill-cemetery of Chauchitsa, and Slab Graves do not appear to have been in use there.

page 10 note 4 The numbers given to the graves represent the order of their discovery. The pottery is classified according to the types given below, p. 21 sqq.

page 14 note 1 This handle has been broken off from all the examples in Fig. 10, except that at the top of the right-hand corner which has lost its upper convolutions.

page 14 note 2 Bronzes, pl. XXIII., Nos. 387–9.

page 14 note 3 In the apotheke of the Sparta Museum, unpublished.

page 14 note 4 National Museum, Athens (Carapanos Coll.).

page 15 note 1 Bronzes, p. 109.

page 15 note 2 Unpublished.

page 15 note 3 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 21.

page 15 note 4 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 32, and Antiquaries' Journal, Vol. i. N0. 3, p. 209.

page 16 note 1 B.S.A. xxiii. Pl. VII., and Antiquaries' Journal, loc. cit., p. 210.

page 16 note 2 B.S.A. xxiii., p. 32. n. 1.

page 17 note 1 Bronzes, Pl. XXI. No. 359.

page 17 note 2 Waldstein, , Argive Heraeum, Pl. LXXXV., No. 818.Google Scholar

page 17 note 3 Archaeologia, Vol. lxvii., Pl. XXX., and Von Sacken, , Grabfeld von Hallstatt, Pl. XIII.Google Scholar, Nos. 9, 9A.

page 17 note 4 Antiquaries' Journal, loc. cit. Pl. VII.

page 17 note 5 For the type see Guide, B.M., Early Iron Age, p. 32, No. II.B.Google Scholar

page 17 note 6 Archaeologia, Vol. lxvii., Fig. 13,; De Morgan, op. cit. p. 131.

page 18 note 1 Antiquaries' Journal, I. No. 3, Fig. 1 (the two parts are shown separately). [Five more perfect examples of this type of ornament were found in the cemetery during excavations this year, 1922.]

page 19 note 1 Bronzes, Pl. XXIII., No. 416, and see similar ornaments from Central Europe: Hoernes, , Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst, Pl. XIV., Fig. 9.Google Scholar

page 19 note 2 Antiquaries' Journal, loc. cit. Pl. VII.

page 21 note 1 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 21.

page 23 note 1 Found in 1917: now in the National Museum, Edinburgh. I am indebted to Mr. A. E. Curle for this photograph and for permission to reproduce it. There is another of this type from Chauchitsa in the British Museum.

page 23 note 2 A bronze miniature vessel exactly of this type was found at the site in 1917, Antiq. Journal, loc. cit., Pl. VI., Fig. 1.

page 27 note 1 Dawkins, R. M., B.S.A. xi. p. 79Google Scholar, and Wace, and Thompson, , Prehistoric Thessaly. p. 209.Google Scholar

page 27 note 2 Op. cit. p. 210.

page 28 note 1 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 30 and 33.

page 28 note 2 Out of 89 vases from Pateli 60 are of archaic forms.

page 29 note 1 E.g. Amphipolis—Krademna—Anadraimos—? Myrkinos (Steph. Byz.), Pella—Bounomos, Steph. Byz., Edessa—Aigae—Vodena (Hesychius).

page 29 note 2 Thus the city of Edessa was said to be Phrygian (Schol. Clem. Alex., Strom. 5. 243), while below it in the rose gardens of Midas, which to-day bloom not unworthily in the, valleys of Naoussa and Vertekop, the story of the capture of Silenus by King Midas had its home; it was later found again at Angora in Asia Minor (Aelian).

page 29 note 3 Herodotus, VII. 73.

page 29 note 4 Herodotus, I. 56, and Suidas, s.v. Δώριον.

page 30 note 1 Not yet published. I had the privilege of seeing the objects found, in the Volo Museum in July of this year, and have to express my thanks to M. Arvanitopoulos for permission to refer to them.

page 30 note 2 Hesychius, s.v. θαύλια.

page 30 note 3 Thucydides, II. 99.

page 31 note 1 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 33.

page 31 note 2 E.g. in the tombs opened at Kalamaria by M. Pelekides.

page 31 note 3 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 31.

page 31 note 4 Now in the Prefecture at Salonika.

page 31 note 5 B.S.A. xxiii, p. 21.

page 31 note 6 A grave group now in the British Museum.

page 32 note 1 Recently discovered by M. Arvanitopoulos and not yet published.

page 32 note 2 Excavations in Eastern Crete: Vrokastro. University of Pennsylvania Publications, Vol. iii. No. 1.