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I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1908 § 4.—Archaic Terracottas from the Sanctuary of Orthia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 October 2013
Extract
During the three seasons of the excavation at the Hieron of Artemis Orthia about a thousand fragments of terracottas have been found. A number of these were discovered in the bank of the Eurotas or in the disturbed upper levels in the sixth-century temple, but the great majority came to light in the systematic digging of the precincts. Wherever possible, approximate dates for each type are given below, calculated in the light of Mr. Droop's analysis of the pottery, and of the relation of the finds to the epoch of the building of the second temple, now fixed at about B.C. 600.
- Type
- Laconia
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1908
References
page 49 note 1 From C.I.G. 1444 it appears that in Roman times Orthia was not in the undisputed possession of the close.
page 49 note 2 S. Wide, Lakonische Kulte, pp. 121 seq.
page 49 note 3 Op. cit. p. 117.
page 49 note 4 V. below, p. 54.
page 49 note 5 For a few possible cases v. below, pp. 52, 62.
page 50 note 1 A columnar figure with spreading base from Tegea now in the National Museum at Athens is represented with shoulder pins and chain.
page 51 note 1 The height is ·062 m.
page 51 note 2 Cf. a terracotta from Lusi in Northern Arcadia (Jahreshefte, 1901, Fig. 4S). At Lusi many of the Spartan hand-made types are represented, but sometimes with a peculiar and distinctive wooden technique in the features (op. cit. figs. 26–31).
page 52 note 1 Cf. the male and female figurines from under the Heraion at Olympia (Olympia, iv. Pl. XVII.). Here details, such as eyes, breasts, and navel, are represented by small incised rings and paint is almost entirely absent.
page 52 note 2 Cf. W. H. D. Rouse, Greek Votive Offerings, p. 285.
page 52 note 3 Schliemann, Tiryns (English trans.), p. 169, Fig. 76, and Arch. Anz. 1896, p. 107.
page 52 note 4 Waldstein, Argive Heraeum, ii. Fig. 15.
page 52 note 5 E.g. ᾿Εφ.᾿Αρχ 1896, P). XII.
page 52 note 6 Cf. a terracotta from Calauria, , Ath. Mitt. 1895, p. 315.Google Scholar
page 52 note 7 B.S.A. vi. pp. 107 seq., Pl. X. Cf. a terracotta from Cyprus in the British Museum with the hand to the mouth (B.M. Cat. Terracottas, A. 92).
page 54 note 1 Cf. Jahreshefte, 1901, Fig. 27.
page 54 note 2 Cf. terracottas A 90 and A 92 in the British Museum.
page 55 note 1 Clement of Alexandria mentions that the Spartiates worshipped an Artemis Chelytis (Protreft. 33 Pott.). V. Sam Wide, Lak. Kulte, pp. 129 seq. For ivory tortoises from the shrine of Orthia v. B.S.A., xii. Fig. 5 a (p. 328) and xiii. Fig. 31 i (p. 101).
page 55 note 2 Waldstein, , Argive Heraeum, ii. Pl. XLIIIGoogle Scholar., seated figures with beaked faces and appliquéeyes. Op. cit. ii., Pl. XLV., similar figures with archaic heads of ‘the advanced Argive type.’ Cf. the beaked figurine from Cyrene in Heutey, Terrecuites du Louvre, Pl. XL., Fig. 1.
page 60 note 1 Cf. many of the lead figurines and an enormous number of separate lead wreaths; also Winter, , Typen, i. p. 57Google Scholar, Fig. 3, and p. 104, Fig. 4, and an Kore, Acropolis, Collignon, , Hist. Sculpt. Gr. i. p. 353Google Scholar, Fig. 178 and ᾿Εφ.᾿Αρχ 1819, Pl. XI. Because wreaths are offered it does not follow that the figures holding them are necessarily worshippers, rather than the goddess herself in possession of an object habitually associated with her.
page 61 note 1 Olympia, iv. 88, Pl. VII.
page 62 note 1 Waldstein, , Argivi Heraeum, ii., Nos. 140Google Scholar (Fig. 59), etc.
page 62 note 2 Cf. the standing figure (Fig. 3, k), p. 54, and the heads mentioned with it. For an exception, perhaps strayed, v. above, p. 56.
page 63 note 1 V. B.S.A. xiii. p. 105, and Fig. 33b, p. 107. Sam Wide, Lak. Kulte, pp. 131 seq.
page 64 note 1 B.C.H. xv. Pl. VI., etc.
page 64 note 2 B.C.H. xv. Pl. II. 2. Examples in other materials of a goddess, usually winged, and in rapid motion and accompanied by lions or other felidae, are common. Her dominion over the animal is often naively indicated by the manner in which she throttles it or carries it by mane or tail; e.g. the figures on the handles of the François vase. Cf. also B.C.H. xv. Pl. V. 2, and a gem said to be from Persia and figured in Micali, Monumenti Inediti ad Illustrazione della Storia degli Antichi Italiani, Pl. I. 23.
page 64 note 3 Winter, Fr. (Jahrbuch, 1899, pp. 73seqq.)Google Scholar suggests Samos as the place of origin of this type, and compares the archaic marble statue in the Louvre.
page 67 note 1 A male figure between two draped females appears on an ivory plaque found this year.
page 68 note 1 Smith, Cecil in B.S.A. iii. p. 28Google Scholar and Excavations at Phylakopi, p. 187.
page 68 note 2 E.g. some terracottas now in the National Museum at Athens and said to be from the Argive Heraeum, but not figured or mentioned in the publication.
page 68 note 3 Schliemann, Tiryns, Pl. XXV.
page 68 note 4 Perrot and Chipiez, vol. iv. p. 434, Fig. 223.
page 68 note 6 E.g. Perrot and Chipiez, vol. iii. p. 409, Fig. 281; p. 555, Figs. 379 and 380; p. 450, Fig. 321; also Winter, , Typen, i. p. 19Google Scholar (from Sardinia), p. 419, Fig. 291 (B.M. Catalogue, B 377); A.J.A. vol. v. Pl. X. 6, a figurine of uncertain provenance from Crete; Heuzey, T. C. du L., Pl. X. 7, from near Larnaka (P. and C. iii., Fig. 382); op. cit. Pl. IV. 7, supposed to be late Parthian (P. and C. iii., Fig. 381). Cf. Körte, G., ‘Ueber eine altgriechische Statuette der Aphrodite aus der Necropole von Volsinii,’ in Arch. Studien H. Brunn dargebracht and several archaic statues and statuettes mentioned in Roscher's Lexikon, i. 408.Google Scholar
page 68 note 6 Excavations at Philakopi, p. 187.
page 68 note 7 Paus. iii. 23. 1.
page 69 note 1 Poulsen, F., Jahrbuch, 1906, p. 194Google Scholar, shows from the wide distribution of the type that it was not confined to Aphrodite. His denial of the significance of the attitude is not so convincing.
page 69 note 2 V. above, p. 49, note 1.
page 69 note 3 V. S. Wide, Lak. Kulte, pp. 132 seq.
page 69 note 4 Paus. iii. 11. 9.
page 70 note 1 He is called ‘lord of the land of Punt,’ v. Paully-Wissowa, s.n. Besas.
page 70 note 2 Perrot and Chipiez, vol. i. pp. 802 seq., in a section on caricature in Egyptian art, Figs. 535, 536, 549.
page 70 note 3 Cf. Orsi, in Monumenti Antichi, vol. ii. p. 838Google Scholar, note I, and Pl. VI. 3, 4, 6. Also wängler, Furt., Aegina, ii. p. 380Google Scholar, Fig. 66, Pl. no, 14; Argive Heraeum, vol. ii. p. 28, Fig. 45.
page 71 note 1 Winter, , Typen, i. p. 215Google Scholar, Figs. 5, 6, and 7.
page 71 note 2 Ath. Mitt. xv. p. 359 and Winter, loc. cit.
page 71 note 3 Les Fotiillcs de Delphes, vol. v. (fase. 2), p. 162.
page 72 note 1 W. H. D. Rouse, Greek Votive Offerings, p. 393, explains such offerings as ‘pretty things which had some value for the givers.’ The hand-made grotesques at Sparta could have no value except as charms, but there seems to be no evidence for the dedication, as such, of προβασκάνια
page 72 note 2 Roscher, ii. 586.
page 73 note 1 Artemis Aeginaea is mentioned in conjunction with Poseidon at Sparta (Paus. iii. 14. 2) and there may have been some myth in which she played the rôle of the equine Demeter at Phigaleia. For the equestrian goddesses, the limestone reliefs and the terracotta horses v. above, pp. 25, 54, 57. One of many lead horses is figured in B.S.A. xii. Fig. 3, d (p. 323).
page 73 note 2 B.S.A. xiii. p. 116, Fig. 6, e.