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A RE-EXAMINATION OF EARLY WHEEL POTTING IN CRETE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2013

Caroline Jeffra
Caroline Jeffra*
Affiliation:
Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense
*
caroline.jeffra@gmail.com
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Abstract

The manner in which Minoan potters first employed the pottery wheel has become a matter of some debate. A growing body of work has taken a sceptical approach to the transition from hand-building to wheel-throwing techniques in a number of contexts, finding that the idea of a technological transition of this nature is not supported by the ceramic evidence. Although a small number of publications have addressed this topic as it relates to Minoan Crete, in light of the evidence from contemporary areas around the Mediterranean and Near East it has become necessary to establish firmly what types of techniques and methods were being used as potters first employed this tool. In order to assess the types of primary forming techniques used by potters during the periods between Middle Minoan IB (when the wheel was first regularly used) and Late Minoan IA (by which time vessels of all sizes were regularly formed with some type of rotation), an experimental type set was produced. Analysis was conducted by correlating the macroscopic features produced with specific forming methods, and then comparing those features against material from Knossos, Palaikastro and Myrtos–Pyrgos. The results of that comparison challenge the established notion that potters had developed wheel-throwing skills during these early periods. Instead, a more complex picture emerges which reveals a process of gradual acquisition of combination techniques (wheel and coils). The pattern of uptake indicates a level of cohesion across the potting community of central and eastern Crete, irrespective of the geographical distance between the three sites studied.

Μια επανεξέταση της πρώιμης χρήσης του κεραμικού τροχού στην Κρήτη

Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο οι Μινωίτες κεραμείς χρησιμοποίησαν αρχικά τον κεραμικό τροχό έχει γίνει αντικείμενο συζήτησης. Ένας σημαντικός αριθμός μελετών αντιμετωπίζει κριτικά τη μετάβαση από τη χειροποίητη κεραμική στην τεχνική του τροχού σε έναν αριθμό συνόλων, θεωρώντας ότι τα δεδομένα της κεραμικής δεν υποστηρίζουν την ιδέα της τεχνολογικής μετάβασης αυτής της φύσης. Αν και ένας μικρός αριθμός δημοσιεύσεων έχει αντιμετωπίσει το θέμα αυτό σε σχέση με τη Μινωική Κρήτη, υπό το φως δεδομένων από σύγχρονες περιοχές γύρω από τη Μεσόγειο και την Εγγύς Ανατολή, είναι πλέον απαραίτητο να προσδιοριστούν οι τύποι των τεχνικών και μεθόδων που χρησιμοποιούνταν, όταν οι κεραμείς πρωτοχρησιμοποίησαν αυτό το εργαλείο. Για τον προσδιορισμό των τύπων των αρχικών τεχνικών διαμόρφωσης που χρησιμοποιούσαν οι κεραμείς κατά τις περιόδους μεταξύ της Μεσομινωικής ΙΒ (όταν ο κεραμικός τροχός άρχισε να χρησιμοποιείται κανονικά) και της ϒστερομινωικής IA (μέχρι την οποία αγγεία όλων των μεγεθών σχηματίζονταν κανονικά με κάποιου είδους περιστροφή) δημιουργήθηκε ένα πειραματικό σύνολο. Η ανάλυση πραγματοποιήθηκε συσχετίζοντας τα μακροσκοπικά χαρακτηριστικά που δημιουργούνταν με συγκεκριμένες μεθόδους και συγκρίνοντάς τα με υλικό από την Κνωσό, το Παλαίκαστρο και το Μύρτο-Πύργο. Τα αποτελέσματα της σύγκρισης θέτουν υπό αμφισβήτηση την κυρίαρχη άποψη ότι οι κεραμείς είχαν ήδη αναπτύξει δεξιότητες χρήσης του τροχού κατά τις πρώιμες αυτές περιόδους. Αντίθετα, διαμορφώνεται μια πιο σύνθετη εικόνα που αποκαλύπτει μια διαδικασία σταδιακής απόκτησης ενός συνδυασμού τεχνικών (τροχού και κουλούρας). Το μοτίβο υιοθέτησης της τεχνικής φανερώνει ένα επίπεδο συνοχής σε όλη την κοινότητα των κεραμέων της Κεντρικής και Ανατολικής Κρήτης, ανεξάρτητα της γεωγραφικής απόστασης ανάμεσα στις τρεις θέσεις της μελέτης.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 108 , November 2013 , pp. 31 - 49
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2013 

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