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Lloyd, James Thomas
2023.
Spartan dependence on Laurion lead.
Archaeometry,
Vol. 65,
Issue. 5,
p.
1044.
Article contents
THE SANCTUARIES OF APOLLO MALEATAS AND APOLLO TYRITAS IN LACONIA: RELIGION IN SPARTAN–PERIOIKIC RELATIONS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2018
Abstract
This article examines how religion contributed to the interconnectivity of the large geographical region of Laconia which was under Spartan control for most of the Archaic and Classical periods. With a particular focus on two Laconian sanctuaries, that of Apollo Maleatas and that of Apollo Tyritas, located in the area of the Thyreatis/Kynouria, which had traditionally been a disputed region between Sparta and Argos, it considers how sanctuaries played a part in Spartan–perioikic relations. The votives from the two sanctuaries vary: the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas is rich in weapon dedications, while that of Apollo Tyritas has a diverse array of offerings, including bronzes, pottery and weapons. I argue that the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas served as a central gathering place that united the Lakedaimonians, both Spartans and perioikoi, and where they celebrated the military qualities of Apollo. The sanctuary of Apollo Tyritas may reflect Spartan interests in the disputed region from the late seventh/early sixth century, and it too presents evidence for the military preoccupations affecting the area. The warrior-god Apollo, prominently worshipped in Sparta and Laconia, was appropriately offered offensive weapons of spears and arrowheads, both real size and miniature. The Spartans and perioikoi celebrated the Maleateia festival, at the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas, which presented an opportunity for Spartans and perioikoi to gather together. A Laconian sacred landscape was formed through the celebration of common cults and festivals, thus uniting the centre (Sparta) with the Laconian (and Messenian) countryside.
Τα ιερά του Απόλλωνα Μαλεάτα και του Απόλλωνα Τύριτα στη Λακωνία: η θρησκεία στη σχέση Σπάρτης και περιοίκων
Το άρθρο εξετάζει πως η θρησκεία συνέλαβε στη διασυνδεσιμότητα της Λακωνίας που ήταν υπό Σπαρτιατική επικράτια την Αρχαϊκή και Κλασσική εποχή. Με επίκεντρο δύο Λακωνικά ιερά, αυτό του Απόλλωνα Μαλεάτα και αυτό του Απόλλωνα Τύριτα, που βρίσκονται στην περιοχή Θηρεάτιδα/Κυνρουρία, για την οποίαν φιλονικούσαν η Σπάρτη και το Άργος, το άρθρο μελετά πως τα ιερά συντελούσαν στη σχέση Σπάρτης και περιοίκων. Τα αναθήματα από τα δύο ιερά διαφέρουν: το ιερό του Απόλλωνα Μαλεάτα είναι πλούσιο σε αναθηματικά όπλα. Το ιερό του Απόλλωνα Τύριτα έχει ποικιλία αναθημάτων, όπως μπρούντζινα, αγγεία, και όπλα. Υποστηρίζω ότι το ιερό του Απόλλωνα Μαλεάτα εξυπηρετούσε ως κεντρικός τόπος συγκέντρωσης που έσμιγε τους Λακεδαιμόνιους, και Σπαρτιάτες και περιοίκους, που γιόρταζαν τις πολεμικές ιδιότητες του Απόλλωνα. Το ιερό του Απόλλωνα Τύριτα ίσως να συνάπτεται με το Σπαρτιατικό ενδιαφέρον στην περιοχή από το τα τέλη του 7ου /αρχές 6ου αιώνα, όπου και αυτό παρουσιάζει ενδείξεις για στρατιωτικούς συσχετισμούς της περιοχής. Στον πολεμικό θεό Απόλλωνα, που λατρευόταν στην Σπάρτη και Λακωνία, αφιέρωναν επιθετικά όπλα, όπως δόρατα και αιχμές βελών, κανονικού μεγέθους και μικκύλα. Οι Σπαρτιάτες και οι περιοίκοι γιόρταζαν τη Μαλεάτεια γιορτή στο ιερό του Μαλεάτα Απόλλωνα όπου τους δινότανε η ευκαιρία να έχουν επαφή και επικοινωνία. Ένα ιερό Λακωνικό τοπίο διαμορφωνότανε με τον εορτασμό κοινών λατρείων και γιορτών, όπου το κέντρο (η Σπάρτη) ενωνότανε με τη Λακωνια (και τη Μεσσηνία).
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