¹ I should like to thank the Director and the Managing Committee of the British School at Athens for permitting me to study and publish material from the School's excavations at Zakro and from Sir Arthur Evans's excavations at Knossos, and to thank Dr. N. Platon and members of his staff at Heraklion Museum for going to considerable trouble to enable me to study the material. I am also grateful to Dr. P. Åström for his note included in the text and to Dr. Åström, Mr. M. S. F. Hood, Director of the School, and Miss Dorothea Gray, Fellow of St. Hugh's College, Oxford, for helpful suggestions when this article was in draft form.

² Certain imports: two White Slip II sherds from Katsamba, , PAE 1955, 319Google Scholar; doubtful imports: ‘Red on Black’ sherd from Mallia, ibid. 320 with reference, and P. Åström in forthcoming OpAth iv; the cylinder seal responsible for the impression in PM iv, fig. 593 (cf. A. Furumark in OpAth i. 52 n. 21 and Minutes of the Mycenean Seminar in London of 17th May 1961, 242); ‘Red Lustrous’ flask from Gournia, Gournia pl. viii, no. 25, not a Cypriot fabric but possibly imported into Crete from Cyprus, where such vessels were popular.

³ Catling, H. and Karageorghis, V., ‘Minoica in Cyprus’, BSA lv. 109–27 (the last paragraph refers to Cypriot imports into Crete)Google Scholar; Dikaios, P. in forthcoming Proceedings of the Cretological Conference at Heraklion (1961).Google Scholar

⁴ Eight parallel lines, QDAP xiii, pl. xxxii. 20, p. 85, Dharat el-Humraiya.

⁵ Kythrea Tomb I; Kalopsidha; Yeri; Ginossar, Israel, Tomb IV; Gezer, , Pal. Mus. Bull. no. 3, pl. vii. 7Google Scholar = Pal. Mus. Inv. no. 1713; Ahlstrand Collection, Bromma, Sweden; Museum of the American University of Beirut, inv. no. 179; Cyprus Museum A 1994; Museum of Mediterranean Antiquities, Stockholm Acc. 241; Tell Soukas.

⁶ References given in Åström, P., The Middle Cypriot Bronze Age (Lund, 1957) 27 f.Google Scholar, unless given below. Alaminos, Cyprus Museum inv. no.1933/XII-18/7; Anglisidhes, Cyprus Museum 1939/II-27/5 and 1939/III-4/3; Arpera, sherd in Antikmuseet, Lund; Athienou, sherds in Cyprus Museum; Bey Keuy, sherd in Antikmuseet, Lund; Galinoporni, jug in Petrakides's antiquities shop, Larnaca; Kaimakli, Cyprus Museum 1939/IV-3/3; Klavdhia, sherds in Antikmuseet, Lund; Leondari Vouno, sherd in Antikmuseet, Lund, picked up in 1959 from the earth wall east of the Medieval Building; Livadhia, Tomb 1.7 and sherd in Cyprus Museum; Milia, Tomb I, Cyprus Museum 1957/V-18/2, a late sherd, and jug from the cemetery, inv. no. 1934/II-12/7; Politiko, Cyprus Museum 1941/II-17/1 and 1941/I-18/1; Rizokarpasso, Tomb 5 in Cyprus Mus.; Arpera, Mosphilo Tomb 1A. 13.

⁷ References in the Middle Cypriote Bronze Age 212 f. unless given below. Atchana, highly burnished sherd with copper-red decoration marked ‘Level VIII’ in Antakya Museum (information from Miss Claire Epstein); Kassabine, Djeble Museum, from a tomb found in 1961, containing about a dozen Pendent Line Style jugs; Tell Soukas, , Les Annales archéologiques de Syrie x (1960)Google Scholar, fig. 20, called fig. 21 in text p. 129; Ginossar, Tomb IV; Gezer, Miss Epstein informs Dr. Åström that there are at least five unpublished Pendent Line Style sherds in the Archaeological Museum, Istanbul; another jug in Palestine Archaeological Museum, Jerusalem, inv. no. 1714; Tell ej-Jerisheh, sherds in Department of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Dr. Åström thanks Prof. N. Avigad for showing him these sherds and permitting him to mention them); Lachish, , Lachish iv 30, pl. 79. 813.Google Scholar

⁸ BSA vii. 147. In the more detailed description there are two references to similarities between fabrics at Zakro and in Cyprus (143). Both refer to much earlier Cypriot pottery such as Hogarth was familiar with from his excavations at Vouno, Leondari in Cyprus (JHS (1888) 147 f.).Google Scholar

⁹ Zakro excavation report, BSA vii. 121–47 and particularly 145–6 on the difference between pottery from the ‘Pits’ and lower town. The classification and dating of the ‘late Mycenean’ pottery of the latter was shown to be erroneous by the fuller publication of the pottery in JHS xxii (1902) 333–8 and JHS xxiii (1903) 248–60. None of the published pottery or of the sherds seen by the author in Heraklion Museum is later than L.M. IB (see also BM A 579, 580, 581, 595, 624–8, 686–92 and 707, the latter apparently advanced L.M. IB; CVA Denmark i. pl. 32, 16–22 and pl. 33. 4–8, 11–12, and 14; among the sherds in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, is part of a marine-style rhyton similar to that published in JHS xxii (1902), pl. xii, 1). Pendlebury's view of reoccupation in L.M. IIIA, though not improbable in itself, seems to be the result of the confusing nomenclature used in the excavation report; cf. Archaeology of Crete 241. Bosanquet quickly perceived the correct date of the destruction in BSA ix (1902–3) 281 and supported the earlier character of the deposit in the ‘Pits’ in BSA Suppl. Paper no. 1 ‘The Unpublished Objects from the Palaikastro Excavations’ 21. See also Furumark, A., Chronology 80 and 82Google Scholar and OpArch vi. 255; he takes little account of the pottery of the Zakro houses in Chronology but tentatively includes Zakro in OpArch. among the sites destroyed in L.M. IB. The evidence justifies greater certainty at least in the case of House A, which was destroyed by fire. Among the objects in the debris were found two marine-style rhyta and a tall goblet with close parallels at Palaikastro and Phaistos respectively; equally important chronologically is the hoard of sealings. One of the sealings may be from the same ring as a sealing at Sklavokambos, which site is in turn similarly linked with Ayia Triadha and Gournia; at least the stylistic affinities between some of the sealings from these places is clear (AE 1939–41, 89 no. 5, and Archaeology in Greece 1960–1, 30). There seems every reason for believing in a more or less contemporary L.M. IB destruction at these sites including Zakro.

¹⁰ Accepting Evans's date for the beginning of M.M. IIIB; it is probably too high but an accurate date for the reign of Khyan, on which it depends, is still to be fixed. The dating of the Cypriot vase is independent of Minoan chronology; see The Middle Cypriote Bronze Age 272–3.

¹¹ Cf. Pendlebury, J. D. S., A Guide to the Stratigraphical Museum in the Palace at Knossos 9Google Scholar and Knossos; Dating of the Pottery in the Stratigraphical Museum 8; he does not take account of the earlier material in these boxes.

¹² For a description of White Slip I pottery see Sjöqvist, E., Problems of the Late Cypriote Bronze Age 43–49 and 82–84.Google Scholar Other references in the author's ‘Proto-White-Slip Pottery of Cyprus’ in forthcoming OpAth iv, with also a description of the various decorative types. Add to references ‘The White Slip Sequence at Bamboula, Kourion’ by Benson, J. L. in PEQ 1961, 61–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ The sherd could come from a bowl with ‘ladder-pattern’ frieze. The author knows of only two parallels for bowls with a frieze of diamonds having a front or side ornament with two rows of diamonds; one of the Phylakopi sherds not published, and a bowl in the collection of Mr. Z. Pieides in Cyprus. For a single row of diamonds (i) with main frieze of diamonds, cf. PEQ 1961, pl. vii. 7, and BM C 226 and C 227, (ii) with ‘ladder-pattern’ frieze, cf. CVA Louvre iv, pl. 3. 11, and Ashmolean Museum sherds 1953.1271 (a) and (j) and 1948.434.

¹⁴ Other examples: Atchana sherds in Ashmolean Museum 1948.434; Phylakopi, for which see note 16 below; BM C 175, Exeter Museum 31/1918/45, Cyprus Museum RR 1760, sherds from Arpera in its Survey Collection, and Kouklia Museum sherds; others known from Maroni and Kalopsidha.

¹⁵ See Sjöqvist, op. cit. 191–4, for chronology mainly based on Base-Ring pottery. Schaeffer, C. F. A. in AJA lii (1948) 170Google Scholar proposed 1450 instead of 1400 for the end of Late Cypriot I but the difference is probably due to imprecise definition of the distinction between Late Cypriot I and II. For the beginning of Late Cypriot I see also P. Åström, op. cit. 271–3. Views vary between 1600 and 1550. Even if we accept the higher date, probably some fifty years should be allowed for the Proto-White-Slip stage, cf. OpAth iv. For the closing phase of White Slip I and its overlap with White Slip II the best evidence is the destruction deposit in the Level IV Palace at Atchana, fully considered in SirWoolley's, LeonardAlalakh, particularly 361.Google Scholar If c. 1420 is accepted for this destruction, some twenty years more might be required for the end of the manufacture of White Slip I. This harmonizes with the finding of Transitional and early White Slip II in Fosse Temple I at Lachish, which was considered to have been levelled and rebuilt about 1400; cf. Tufnell, O., Lachish ii pl. xliii A and B.Google Scholar The latest White Slip I has distinct characteristics not apparent on the Knossos sherd

¹⁶ Thera: Furtwängler, and Löschke, Mykenische Vasen pl. xii. 80Google Scholar; Phylakopi, : Excavations at Phylakopi 158, fig. 148Google Scholar; Trianda, , Clara Rhodos x. 58Google Scholar, fig. 8 and OpArch vi. 165, fig. 6. The Phylakopi sherd was found in a mixed context, see Gjerstad, Studies on Prehistoric Cyprus 324.Google Scholar The Thera bowl was found in a closed context but opinions differ on the date of the eruption of the volcano which buried the deposit. Wace's view of an M.M. III destruction is too early to include some of the pottery styles; see A Companion to Homer 345. Marinatos correlates the event with the destruction of many of the Cretan sites, presumably L.M. IB, and gives 1500 as the date in Antiquity xiii (1939) 431 and 1525/20 in Crete and Mycene 22. K. Scholes's opinion, based on a study of the pottery, of an L.M. IA date seems the most convincing, BSA li (1956) 35. White Slip I was exported in some quantity to Syria and Palestine, particularly to Atchana and Tell el Ajjul, see Sjöqvist, op. cit. 160–1, though some of the instances quoted are White Slip II.