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Plate made by King James II and VII for the Chapel Royal of Holyroodhouse in 1686

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

Extract

On the 6th February 1685 King James II of England and VII of Scotland succeeded to the throne of Great Britain on the death of his elder brother, King Charles II. His reign, which was to last for less than four years, was beset by many difficulties. A number of these problems stemmed from the fact that James, before his accession, has gone over to the Church of Rome and made no effort to conceal that fact. One of the results of this spiritual allegiance of King James was the provision of Chapels Royal at Whitehall, Windsor, Dublin, and Edinburgh, where James could worship according to the ritual of his Church, and these chapels were duly furnished with suitable altar plate. The altar plate provided for the English and Irish chapels seems to have disappeared but, by a stroke of good fortune, several of the altar vessels made for the Chapel Royal in the Palace of Holyroodhouse have survived. These vessels, which are of superb quality, have up till now escaped the notice of the experts who have dealt with the history of the silversmith's craft in Great Britain. They are now discussed in the following pages: the historical circumstances of their survival will first be described and this will be followed by a technical description of the various surviving pieces.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1968

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References

page 285 note 1 Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (Third Series), iii, 593.

page 286 note 1 Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (Third Series), xiii, xxix, and 435.

page 286 note 2 Historical Notices of Scottish Affairs selected from the Manuscripts of Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, Bart. (Bannatyne Club, 1848), ii, 763Google Scholar.

page 286 note 3 Historical Observes of Memorable Occurrents in Church and State from October, 1680, to April, 1686, by Sir John Lander of Fountainhall. (Bannatyne Club, 1840), p. 241Google Scholar.

page 287 note 1 Genealogie of the Hayes of Tweeddale by Father Richard Augustin Hay, Edinburgh, 1835, p. 55Google Scholar.

page 287 note 2 History of the Chapel Royal of Scotland (Grampian Club, 1882)Google Scholar, pp. ccxxxi–ccxxxiii.

page 287 note 3 Ibid., pp. ccxxxiv–ccxxxvi.

page 287 note 4 A Journey through Scotland, London, 1729, p. 61Google Scholar.

page 287 note 5 Nisbet, A., A System of Heraldry, Edinburgh, 1816, ii, 120Google Scholar.

page 287 note 6 Vitruvius Scoticus, being a Collection of Plans, Elevations and Sections of Public Buildings, Noble-men's and Gentlemen's Houses in Scotland, principally from the Designs of the late William Adam, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh, 1750, pl. 5Google Scholar.

page 288 note 1 Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (Third Series), xiii, xlviii, gives a summary of a royal warrant, dated 6th August 1688, which refers to a payment of ‘£90 to Mr. Gibbons for the three image pieces for the high altar in the Thistle Chapel at Holyrood house’.

page 288 note 2 Moneys Received and Paid for Secret Services of Charles II and James II (Camden Society, lii, 1851), pp. 143Google Scholar, 144, 154, 160, 162, 175, 179, 185, 209.

page 288 note 3 Memoirs touching the Revolution in Scotland, MDCLXXXVIII–MDCXC, by Colin, Earl of Balcarres (Bannatyne Club, 1841), pp. 103–4Google Scholar.

page 288 note 4 Wodrow, R., History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution, ed. Burns, R., Glasgow, 1830, iv, 473–4Google Scholar.

page 288 note 5 The equipment of some of the craftsmen was stolen or damaged in the riot and, on 7th January 1689, there was paid out compensation, amounting to £64 sterling, to workmen at Holyroodhouse for the loss of ‘tooles and workloomes when the chapell wes dimolished on 10th December last’. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (Third Series), xiii, lv.

page 288 note 6 Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: the manuscript ‘Memoirs of Scotch Missionary Priests’, compiled by Canon William Clapperton, where no. 17 in the series is a lengthy biography of David Burnet.

page 289 note 1 Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: Letter of David Burnet, Dublin, 27th May 1690.

page 289 note 2 Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: ‘Extracts from Mr. James Gordon's Mss. when he was procurator at Rome from 1702–1706’, in Clapperton's Note Book III.

page 290 note 1 Archaeologia, xviii (1817), 233Google Scholar.

page 290 note 2 Ibid.

page 291 note 1 Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: Letter of Mr. John Reid, Preshome, 6th February 1781.

page 291 note 2 The Forsyth Chalice, now on loan to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, was made in 1688 for Father Henry Forsyth, S.J., a missionary priest who laboured among the Gaelic-speaking Catholic community around Braemar and Balmoral on Upper Deeside for some twenty years until his death on 8th November 1708. The chalice was made by the Edinburgh silversmith Zacharias Mellinus (who also made the Holyrood Sanctus Bell): it shows how the sophisticated designs of the Chapel Royal altar plate were adapted by an Edinburgh craftsman. See McRoberts, D., ‘Some Post-Reformation Chalices’, in The Innes Review. xviii (1967), 144–6Google Scholar, and pls. xii and xiii.

page 292 note 1 Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: Letter of Bishop George Hay, Aquhorties, 22nd December 1802.

page 292 note 2 For an account of this episode, see Steuart, A. Francis, The Exiled Bourbons in Scotland, Edinburgh, 1908Google Scholar.

page 292 note 3 Bishop Gillis seems to have confided the Monstrance to the nuns of St. Margaret's Convent, Edinburgh, shortly before 1858. A cryptic note, written by Canon William Clapperton in 1858, refers to this matter: ‘W. C., 1858-the remonstrance is now, I understand, in St. Mary's [sic] Convt. Edinr. This is questioned. W. C.’ (Scottish Catholic Archives, Edinburgh: Clapperton's Note Book III).

page 293 note 1 Oman, Charles, English Church Plate, 1957, pp. 283–4Google Scholar and pls. 193–4.

page 294 note 1 Moneys Received and Paid for Secret Services of Charles II and James II in Camden Society, lii, 1851, 144, 154, 160, and 179.

page 294 note 2 Yernaux, J., in Jean-Gérard Cockus, orfèvre liégeois à la cour d'Angleterre in Revue Belge d' Archéologie et d'Histoire de l'Art, x, 1940, 6770Google Scholar.

page 294 note 3 This would seem to have been the practice of Wolfgang Hauser, a Swiss, until the Goldsmiths were compelled to accept his work as a result of a letter from Charles II (Court Minute Book of the Goldsmiths' Company, Friday 6th May, and Monday, 9th May 1664).

page 295 note 1 John Shelley of Bignor was fined for recusancy in 1668 (Catholic Record Society, Miscellanea, v, 1909, 321).

page 295 note 2 The Times, 26th October 1933.

page 295 note 3 Liége fashions in church plate are copiously illustrated by Pierre Colman in L'orfèvrerie religieuse liégeoise, 2 vols., 1966.