Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T17:07:53.480Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THOMAS BERTIE, THE MASTER-MASON AT WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL c 1515–50

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2015

Nicholas Riall
Nicholas Riall*
Affiliation:
Nicholas Riall, Tethers End Cottage, 9 Elley Green, Corsham SN13 9TX, UK. Email: drnicholas.riall@yahoo.co.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper takes as its start-point the entry for Thomas Bertie in John Harvey’s English Medieval Architects and uses it to explore the life and work of a master-mason who was trained in the Gothic tradition, but came to be one of the first to utilise Renaissance detail in his works in Winchester Cathedral and across Hampshire. Bertie’s work encompassed an astonishing range of projects, extending from the remodelling of the presbytery of Winchester Cathedral to the construction of chapels and tomb monuments, and from the conversion of monastic buildings into country houses to helping create a chain of artillery forts to defend the south coast. The distinctive Renaissance style that appears on so many of these works allows a connection to be made between them and Thomas Bertie.

Résumé

Cet article, qui prend pour point de départ l’entrée consacrée par John Harvey à Thomas Bertie dans son ouvrage intitulé English Medieval Architects, explore la vie et l’œuvre de ce maître maçon de formation gothique, mais qui devint l’un des premiers à employer des détails de style renaissance dans les travaux qu’il mena à la cathédrale de Winchester et dans le Hampshire. L’œuvre de Bertie englobe un éventail étonnant de projets qui s’étend du remodelage du presbytère de la cathédrale de Winchester à la construction de chapelles et de monuments funéraires, et de la transformation de bâtiments monastiques en manoirs à une contribution à la création d’une série de forts d’artillerie destinée à défendre la côte sud. Le style renaissance distinctif observé dans nombre de ces ouvrages permet de les relier à Thomas Bertie.

Zusammenfassung

Diese Abhandlung nimmt als ihren Ausgangspunkt einen Eintrag zu Thomas Bertie in John Harveys English Medieval Architects und verwendet ihn zur Erforschung von Leben und Werk eines Baumeisters, der in der gotischen Tradition ausgebildet worden war, dann aber als einer der Ersten Renaissanceelemente in seinen Werken in der Kathedrale von Winchester und in ganz Hampshire verwendet hat. Berties Tätigkeit umfasste eine erstaunliche Reihe von Projekten, von der Umgestaltung des Altarraums in der Kathedrale von Winchester bis hin zum Bau von Kapellen und Grabmälern, und von der Umwandlung klösterlicher Gebäude in Landsitze bis zur Errichtung einer Reihe von Geschützbefestigungen zur Verteidigung der englischen Südküste. Anhand des charakteristischen Renaissancestils, der an so vielen dieser Arbeiten zu erkennen ist, lässt sich eine Verbindung zwischen diesen Werken und Thomas Bertie herstellen.

Type
Papers
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 95 , September 2015 , pp. 211 - 249
Copyright
© The Society of Antiquaries of London 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Manuscript sources

CCC, ms CCO-A1-Cap 1-Evid 1, ‘Indenture for draft foundation of Corpus Christi College Oxford’, 30 June 1513Google Scholar
Collins 2009 (transcribed and edited by B Collins). WCL, W53/15/5, ‘Compotus Roll – Custos Operum, Walter Froste, 1532 Sep 29 to 1533 Sep 29’Google Scholar
HRO, 1555B/05, inventory of Thomas BertieGoogle Scholar
HRO, Winton, Epis. Reg., Fox, iv, fols 67, 67bGoogle Scholar
LA, 3ANC8/1/3, Earl of Ancaster papersGoogle Scholar
TNA, E36/19, fol 298r, Muster Roll for 1523Google Scholar
TNA, PROB 11/21, wills of John and Mary Lisle (1524)Google Scholar
WCL, 38/0/367b, Compotus Roll of the Blessed Virgin Mary for 1529–30Google Scholar
WCL, 22193, ‘Computus Bursariorum’, 5 Sept 1534–5 Sept 1535Google Scholar
WCL, W53/D/3, ‘Grant of the Lease of two Tenements in Winchester by Prior William Basyng to Thomas Bartew’, 2 Aug 1538, fl.033v, in ‘Ledger Book III: 1533–1538’Google Scholar
WCL, W53/D/3, ‘Grant of an Annuity by Prior William Basyng to Thomas Bartew’, 15 Nov 1538, fl.084v, in ‘Ledger Book III: 1533–1538’Google Scholar
WCL, W53/15/5, ‘Compotus Roll – Custos Operum, Walter Froste, 1532 Sep 29 to 1533 Sep 29’Google Scholar

Published sources

Baldwin, D 2015. Henry VIII’s Last Love: the extraordinary life of Katherine Willoughby, lady-in-waiting to the Tudors, Amberley Publishing, StroudGoogle Scholar
Bertie, Lady Georgina 1845. Five Generations of a Loyal House, Rivingtons, LondonGoogle Scholar
Biddle, M 1993. ‘Early Renaissance at Winchester’, in Crook 1993a, 257–304Google Scholar
Bird, W H B (ed) 1925. The Black Book of Winchester: British Museum Additional MS 6036, Warren & Son Ltd, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J S, Gairdner, J and Brodie, R H 1862–1932. Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic of the Reign of Henry VIII 1509–1547, 21 vols and addenda, Longman, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bullen, M, Crook, J, Hubbuck, R and Pevsner, N 2010. The Buildings of England. Hampshire: Winchester and the North, Yale University Press, London and New HavenGoogle Scholar
Colvin, H M 1975. The History of the King’s Works. Volume III: 1485–1660 (Part I), HMSO, LondonGoogle Scholar
Colvin, H M, Summerson, J, Biddle, M, Hale, J R and Merriman, M 1982. The History of the King’s Works. Volume IV: 1485–1600 (Part II), HMSO, LondonGoogle Scholar
Cox, J C 1903. ‘Nunnaminster, or the Abbey of St Mary, Winchester’, in H A Doubleday and W Page (eds), The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Vol 2, 122–126, Archibald Constable & Co. Ltd, WestminsterGoogle Scholar
Crook, J (ed) 1993a. Winchester Cathedral: Nine Hundred Years, 1093–1993, Phillimore, ChichesterGoogle Scholar
Crook, J 1993b. ‘St Swithun of Winchester’, in Crook 1993a, 57–68Google Scholar
Crook, J 2002. ‘New light on the history of St Mary’s Church, Old Basing, Hampshire: an incised design for a post-medieval window’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 154, 92–133CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crook, J 2010. ‘The cathedral’, in Bullen et al 2010, 563–618Google Scholar
Crook, J 2011. The Hospital of St Cross and the Almshouse of Noble Poverty, The Hospital of St Cross and Almshouse of Noble Poverty, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Draper, P 1978. ‘The retrochoir of Winchester Cathedral’, Architect Hist, 21, 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, P 1986. ‘The retrochoir of Winchester Cathedral: evidence and Interpretation’, J British Archaeol Ass, 139, 68–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, P and Morris, R 1993. ‘The development of the east end of Winchester Cathedral from the 13th to the 16th century’, in Crook 1993a, 177–92Google Scholar
Emden, A B 1974. A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford AD 1501–1540, Clarendon Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Goodall, J 2011. The English Castle, Yale University Press, London and New HavenGoogle Scholar
Hare, J N 1999. The Dissolution of the Monasteries in Hampshire, Hampshire County Council, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Harvey, J H 1978. ‘The Barty family’, in M Bourner, F Hull and R Tate (eds), A History of Bearsted and Thurnham, 26–29, Bearsted and Thurnam History Book Committee, BearstedGoogle Scholar
Harvey, J H 1987. English Medieval Architects: a biographical dictionary down to 1550, rev edn, Alan Sutton, GloucesterGoogle Scholar
Hope, W H St John 1906. ‘The making of Place House at Titchfield near Southampton, in 1538’, Archaeol J, 63, 231–243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keene, D 1985. Survey of Medieval Winchester, Winchester Studies 2, Oxford University Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Kitchin, G W 1892. Compotus Rolls of the Obedientiaries of St Swithun’s Priory, Hampshire Records Society, LondonGoogle Scholar
Lindley, P 1993. ‘The medieval sculpture of Winchester Cathedral’, in Crook 1993a, 97–122Google Scholar
Luxford, J M 2011. ‘The origins and development of the English “stone-cage” chantry chapel’, J British Archaeol Ass, 164, 39–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, R and Williamson, P 2003. Gothic: art for England 1400–1547, V&A Publishing, LondonGoogle Scholar
Monckton, L 2011. ‘Orthodoxy, religion and architecture in the early sixteenth century: the patronage of Bishop Fox at Winchester Cathedral’, in Z Opačić and A Tmmermann (eds), Studies in Gothic Art, 67–87, Brepols, TurnhoutGoogle Scholar
Pevsner, N and Lloyd, D 1967. The Buildings of England. Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, Penguin, HarmondsworthGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2003. ‘Thomas Silkstede’s Renaissance-styled canopied woodwork in the south transept of Winchester Cathedral’, Proc Hampshire Field Club Archaeol Soc, 58, 209–225Google Scholar
Riall, N 2005. ‘Bringing the Renaissance to Tudor England: the role of Richard Fox and his frieze at St Cross, Winchester’, unpublished PhD thesis, Swansea University, SwanseaGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2007a. ‘The early Tudor Renaissance in Hampshire: Anthony Blunt and “L’influence Française sur l’architecture et la sculpture décorative en Angleterre pendant la première moitié du XVIme siècle” revisited’, Renaissance Studies, 21 (2), 218–253CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2007b. ‘A Winchester mason and the early Renaissance style in the 1520s: reconstructing the “lost” ambulatory chapel of Sir John and Mary Lisle at Thruxton church, Hampshire’, Architect Hist, 50, 31–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2007c. ‘Thomas Bertie, bishop’s mason, and the early Tudor Renaissance-styled tomb of Ralph and Edith Pexall at Sherborne St John, Hampshire’, Hampshire Studies, 62, 143–167Google Scholar
Riall, N 2008a. ‘The diffusion of early Franco-Italian All’antica ornament: the Renaissance frieze in the chapel of the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester, and the Gaillon stalls, now at St Denis, Paris’, Antiq J, 88, 258–307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riall, N 2008b. ‘All’antica ornament during the first Renaissance in England: the case of the Draper chapel at Christchurch Priory’, Proc Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc, 129, 25–37Google Scholar
Riall, N 2009. ‘All’antica carving of the early Tudor Renaissance at St Mary’s Church, Old Basing, Hampshire’, Proc Hampshire Field Club Archaeol Soc, 64, 147–171Google Scholar
Riall, N 2011. ‘Bishop Fox and the remodelling of the presbytery at Winchester Cathedral: a question of date’, Winchester Cathedral Record, 80, 33–42Google Scholar
Riall, N 2012. ‘Defining the early sixteenth-century Renaissance experience: the tomb of Richard and Elizabeth Norton at East Tisted, Hampshire’, Proc Hampshire Field Club Archaeol Soc, 67, 347–365Google Scholar
Riall, N 2013. ‘The Waller tomb monument at Stoke Charity, Hampshire: conservative monument or a late pre-Renaissance, Perpendicular work?’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 166, 154–175Google Scholar
Riall, N 2014. The Renaissance Stalls at the Hospital of St Cross, The Hospital of St Cross and Almshouse of Noble Poverty, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Richardson, G 2013. The Field of Cloth of Gold, Yale University Press, London and New HavenGoogle Scholar
Round, J H 1910. Peerage and Pedigree, i, Nisbet, LondonGoogle Scholar
Salzman, L F 1967. Building in England down to 1540, Clarendon Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Smith, A 1988. ‘The chantry chapel of Bishop Fox’, Winchester Cathedral Record, 57, 27–32Google Scholar
Smith, A 1989. ‘The life and building activity of Richard Fox, c 1447–1528’, unpublished PhD thesis, Warburg Institute, University of London, LondonGoogle Scholar
Smith, A 1996. The Roof Bosses of Winchester Cathedral, Friends of Winchester Cathedral, WinchesterGoogle Scholar
Smith, A 2010. ‘Netley Abbey: patronage, preservation and remains’, J British Archaeol Ass, 163, 132–151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatton-Brown, T 2001. ‘The quarrying and distribution of Reigate stone in the Middle Ages’, Medieval Archaeol, 45, 189–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wabuda, S 2004. ‘Bertie, Richard (1517–1582)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Online Edition, <www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2276> (10 June 2015)+(10+June+2015)>Google Scholar
Wayment, H 1982. ‘The stained glass in the chapel of The Vyne’, Archaeologia, 107, 141–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, C 2003. ‘Winchester cathedral, chantry chapel of Bishop Richard Fox’, in Marks and Williamson 2003, 244–245 (cat entry 109)Google Scholar
Woodman, F 1983. ‘The retrochoir of Winchester Cathedral: a new interpretation’, J British Archaeol Ass, 136, 87–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar