Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T21:26:26.261Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

PHOTOFOCUSING OF MICROORGANISMS SWIMMING IN A FLOW WITH SHEAR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2018

R. J. CLARKE*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand email rj.clarke@auckland.ac.nz
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Some swimming microorganisms are sensitive to light, and this can affect the way in which they negotiate their environment. In particular, photophobic cells are repelled from unfavourable light conditions, and in a quiescent fluid environment this can be observed as elevated cell levels in regions away from these light conditions. This photoresponsive effect is of interest due to its potential technological applications. For example, the use of light to focus and direct cells could be used as a convenient means to separate out the algae used in biofuel production (for example, hydrogen), or exploited within devices for biodetection of environmental contaminants. However, in these types of situations the swimming cells will usually be suspended in a flow with shear. In this environment, it has previously been shown that cells can become hydrodynamically trapped in regions of high fluid shear, and so the extent to which photofocusing can occur under these conditions is not immediately clear. Moreover, in applications where the light must pass through appreciable volumes of the suspension, cells will typically absorb light and so shade each other from the illumination. As such, the intensity at any point in the flow is dependent upon the global cell concentration. Hence, in this study we model the coupled influence of fluid shear and cell photosensitivity on a suspension of swimming microorganisms, and ask under what circumstances a suspension of photophobic cells might be focused into high concentration regions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2018 Australian Mathematical Society 

References

Bearon, R. N., “An extension of generalized Taylor dispersion in unbounded homogeneous shear flows to run-and-tumble chemotactic bacteria”, Phys. Fluids 15(6) (2003) 15521563; doi:10.1063/1.1569482.Google Scholar
Bearon, R. N. and Hazel, A. L., “The trapping in high-shear regions of slender bacteria undergoing chemotaxis in a channel”, J. Fluid Mech. 771 (2015) 113; doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.198.Google Scholar
Bees, M. A. and Hill, N. A., “Linear bioconvection in a suspension of randomly-swimming, gyrotactic micro-organisms”, Phys. Fluids 10 (1995) 1864; doi:10.1063/1.869704.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, T. W., “Bakterium photometricum. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Licht-und Farbensinnes Pfluegers”, Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere 42 (1883) 183186.Google Scholar
Garcia, X., Rafai, S. and Peyla, P., “Light control of the flow of phototactic microswimmer suspensions”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 138106; doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.138106.Google Scholar
Ghorai, S. and Hill, N. A., “Penetrative phototactive bioconvection”, Phys. Fluids 17 (2005) 074101; doi:10.1063/1.1947807.Google Scholar
Ghorai, S. and Panda, M. K., “Bioconvection in an anistropic scattering suspension of phototactic algae”, Eur. J. Mech. (B/Fluids) 41 (2013) 8193; doi:10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.07.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghorai, S., Panda, M. K. and Hill, N. A., “Bioconvection in a suspension of isotropically scattering phototactic algae”, Phys. Fluids 22 (2010) 071901; doi:10.1063/1.3457163.Google Scholar
Hader, D. P., “Photosensory behavior in procaryotes”, Microbiol. Rev. 51 (1987) 121; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373089/.Google Scholar
Ishikawa, T. and Pedley, T. J., “Coherent structures in monolayers of swimming particles”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2009) 088103; doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.088103.Google Scholar
Manela, A. and Frankel, L., “Generalized Taylor dispersion in suspensions of gyrotactic swimming micro-organisms”, J. Fluid Mech. 490 (2003) 99127; doi:10.1017/S0022112003005147.Google Scholar
Panda, M. K. and Ghorai, S., “Penetrative phototactic bioconvection in a two-dimensional non-scattering suspension”, Phys. Fluids 28 (2016) 054105; doi:10.1063/1.4948543.Google Scholar
Panda, M. K. and Ghorai, S., “Penetrative phototactic bioconvection in an isotropic scattering suspension”, Phys. Fluids 25 (2013) 071902; doi:10.1063/1.4813402.Google Scholar
Pedley, T. J. and Kessler, J. O., “Hydrodynamic phenomena in suspensions of swimming microorganisms”, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 24 (1992) 313358; doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.24.010192.001525.Google Scholar
Pedley, T. J. and Kessler, J. O., “A new continuum model for suspensions of gyrotactic micro-organisms”, J. Fluid. Mech. 212 (1990) 155182; doi:10.1017/S0022112090001914.Google Scholar
Saintillan, D. and Shelley, M. J., “Active suspensions and their nonlinear models”, C. R. Physique 14 (2013) 497517; doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2013.04.001.Google Scholar
Vincent, R. V. and Hill, N. A., “Bioconvection in a suspension of phototactic algae”, J. Fluid Mech. 327 (1996) 343371; doi:10.1017/S0022112096008579.Google Scholar
Williams, C. R. and Bees, M. A., “Photo-gyrotactic bioconvection”, J. Fluid Mech. 678 (2011) 4186; doi:10.1017/jfm.2011.100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wioland, H., Lushi, E. and Goldstein, R. E., “Directed collective motion of bacteria under channel confinement”, New. J. Phys. 18 (2016) 075002; doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/075002.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Meriano, J., Ru, C., Xie, S., Luo, J. and Sun, Y., “Human sperm rheotaxis: a passive physical process”, Natur. Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 23553; doi:10.1038/srep23553.Google Scholar