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Genetic identification of hybrids between two autochthonous tilapia species, Tilapia zillii and Tilapia guineensis, in the man-made lake Ayamé

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2006

Béatrice Adépo-Gourène ,
Germain Gourène  and
Jean-François Agnèse
Béatrice Adépo-Gourène
Affiliation:
Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
Germain Gourène
Affiliation:
Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 801, Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
Jean-François Agnèse
Affiliation:
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 213 rue LaFayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France Present address: Laboratoire Génome Populations Interactions Adaptation, UM2 – IFREMER – CNRS UMR 5171, Université Montpellier II, Case Courrier 063, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Abstract

Tilapia species are able to hybridize in captivity or in natural conditions following introduction of alien species. Here, we report a case of hybridization between two (and perhaps three) autochthonous species, Tilapia zillii and T. guineensis, resulting from a modification of their environment due to human activities. The man-made dam Ayamé (Côte d'Ivoire) transformed the River Bia into a lake (Lake Ayamé, area: 197 km2). In this new environment, both tilapia species have hybridized. In order to study hybridization along the Bia System, 25 allozyme loci have been screened in 470 specimens from ten locations. Two loci LDH-1 and PGI-2 were diagnostic between the two different species and can be used to identify hybrids in each sampling location of the River Bia basin. The percentage of pure T. zillii individuals in Lake Ayamé varied from 18.1% in Ebikro to 4.2% in Kétesso while percentage of pure T. guineensis varied from 81.3% in Yaou to 50.0% in Ebikro. The proportions of hybrids varied from 8.3% in Yaou to 31.9% in Ebikro. The existence of private alleles observed in tilapia from Lake Ayamé compared to what has been observed in both reference populations, T. zillii and T. guineensis led to the hypothesis that a third species could have been engaged in this hybridization. This third species is likely to be T. busumana, formerly present in the lake but now rarely observed. If this natural hybridization is due to the dam construction and the correlated ecological changes, then other hybridizations could result since many dams have been constructed within the range of these species in Côte d'Ivoire.

Keywords

HybridizationIntrogressionMan-made lakeTilapiaAllozyme
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , July 2006 , pp. 239 - 245
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2006

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