Differences in Mediterranean fish communities of two rocky coastal areas, one inside an integral marine reserve and the second outside the reserve, near Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, were compared using underwater visual census after a 12-year interval. In 1980, the community structure in and outside the marine reserve was studied at two depths (Bell, 1983). In 1992, We used the same methodology to assess if variations occurred in this fish community between these two samplings. In both 1980 and 1992, water depth affected the relative abundance of fish communities and the number of species was roughly maintained in both sites. However, there were several other important qualitative and quantitative variations in the fish fauna over this period: (1) The abundance of species has decreased in the integral reserve whereas it has been maintained outside the reserve; (2) Nine species are more abundant in the integral reserve and nine others are more abundant outside the reserve. Among the species vulnerable to fishing, such as Labrus merula, Symphodus tinca, Mullus surmuletus, Diplodus sargus, D. vulgaris, Scorpaena porcus, Oblada melanura, 6 of them are more abundant inside the integral reserve and 4 others are more abundant outside; (3) The demographic structure of vulnerable species inside the reserve has changed: only the proportion of large fish (30 to 40 cm length) compared to medium (15 to 30 cm) and small (0 to 15 cm) fishes was higher in the integral reserve. The prohibition of recreational and professional fisheries and scuba diving has the fish community in the integral marine reserve in 1992 enhanced less than in 1980. The impoverishment of the fish density in the integral reserve between these two periods is difficult to understand in regard to the stability of the fish density outside the reserve. These results stress the need for a more regular and more extensive survey of the fish assemblage in and around the marine reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls