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I. Of the Horn, as a Charter or Instrument of Conveyance. Some Observations on Mr. Samuel Foxlowe's Horn; as likewise on the Nature and Kinds of these Horns in general. By Mr. Pegge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2012

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Extract

Amongst the various methods of transferring inheritances in use with our ancestors was that of conveying them by a Horn, either in Frank Almoigne, or in Fee, or in Serjeantry. Ingulphus, abbot of Croyland, particularly specifies the Horn amongst those things whereby lands were conveyed in the beginning of the Conqueror's reign. His words are too remarkable to be omitted on this occasion; ‘Conferebantur etiam primo multapraedia nudo verbo, absque scripto vel cbartâ, tantum cum dominī ‘gladio, vel gateâ, vel cornu, vel craterâ; et plurima tenementa cumcalcari, cum strigili, cum arcu; et nonnulla cum sagittâ. At first ‘(says he, speaking of the Conqueror's time) many estates were ‘transferred by bare word of mouth, without any writing or char ‘ter, only by the Lord's sword, or helmet, or born, or cup; and ‘many tenements by a spur, a scraper, a bow; and some by an ‘arrow.’ It should seem by this account given us by Ingulphus, which is to clear and express, that the implement was always such as was well known to have belonged to the donor or grantor.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1775

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References

page 2 note [a] Ingulphus, p. 70.

page 2 note [b] Camden Brit. col. 881. Dugd. Monast. III. p. 173. Mr. Drake, the incomparable York Antiquary, has given a very complete account, with an accurate drawing, of this Horn, in his Eboracum, p. 479, 481, 544. See also the Prints of the Society of Antiquaries, Vol. I. pl. II. and Mr. Samuel Gale's Memoir on this subject, printed in the first Vol. of the Archaeologia, p. 168, which paper I had not been when this was composed.

page 2 note [c] So we should read, for ablatum sequentium. See Hickes's Thes. II. p. 84.

page 3 note [d] It seems to mean a lock, or rather a chest locked, or alocker; unless we ought to read, as is most probable, in loco, meaning in the abbey or monastery, on the spot; the other half perhaps he took away.

page 3 note [e] Gul. Malm. p. 57. Milo, earl of Hereford, A. D. 1141, gave half his fisheries to the canons of Lanthoni, c. Glocester, by delivering a gold ring on the altar of their church. Atkins's Gloc. p. 272.

page 3 note [f] Mr. Camden and Bishop Gibson in Camd. Brit. col. 163. Dr. Hickes's Thes. Praef. p. xxv. and tom. II. p. 84. where the inseription on this horn is engraved.

page 3 note [g] Thoroton, Antiq. Nottinghamshire, p. 273.

page 3 note [h] Tenenda per unum cornu, quod est charts praedictae forestae. See the case of the Danish Axe, in Dugdale's Warw. fol. 765. Randal de Meschines, the third Norman earl of Chester, about the year 1124, conferred upon Alan Silvestris the bailywick of the forest of Wirall, by the delivery of a Horn (a bugle Horn), which is still (anno 1751) preserved at Hooton. To this Alan silvestris, Randal Gernouns, the fourth Norman earl of Chester (son to Randel de Meschines) gave Stourton and Pudecan (now Puddington) in Wirall. This forest was disforested, and the lands began to be inclosed, in the reign of king Edward III. Edric, surnamed Silvaticus or the Forester, was the supposed ancestor of Alan Silvestris, and of the Silvesters of Stourton, Foresters of Wirall, whose daughter and heiress married the head of that ancient and honourable family of the Stanleys, the descendants of which match have been for several centuries feated at Hooton in Wirall. The arms of Edric (who was a great warrior) on a shield Argent a large tree torn up by the roots, Vert, since borne by the Silvesters of Stourton in Wirall, are impressed on the Horn.

page 4 note [i] Hickes Thes. II. p. 84.

page 4 note [k] Lege cartas.

page 4 note [l] Blount's Ancient Tenures, p. 25. citing ‘MS. D. de S. Kniveton, fol. 249.’ He means the famous Antiquary, St. Lo Kniveton.

page 5 note [m] Hereditary Steward, that is, of two Royal Manors, those of Easf and Wese Leake, in Nottinghamshire. See Thoroton, P. 26.

page 6 note [n] Stephen Martin-Leake, Esq; Hist. Acc. of Engl. money, p. 137. seq.

page 7 note [o] MS. Visitation of Derbyshire, fol. 6. b.

page 7 note [p] So was the Litaus of king Edgar above described.

page 8 note [q] Vide omnino Voss. de Idol. I. p. 553, col. 1, and 2; where martial instruments and drinking vessels are called horns, though made of other materials, because they had been formerly made of them. Instances of Horns used as drinking cups, both of their original materials, and of different and richer substances, frequently occur in the Greek and Roman writers. See Wormius's citations from Pindar, Aeschylus, and Sophocles, Mon. Dan. 395, 396. and from Roman Monuments, and St. Ambrose, ib. p. 387. The ancient Thracians, Paphlagonians, and other nations, had the same custom. Wormius, ib.

page 8 note [r] Hildebrand Antiq. Roman, p. 5. Potter's Antiq. II. p. 391. Montf. III. p. 95. Athenaeus xi. c. 7. Voss. I. p. 553, &c.

page 8 note [s] Martial, xiv. 52, 53.

page 8 note [t] Ludolph. i. c. 10. Pliny, xviii. c. 1.

page 8 note [u] Lhuyd Arch. Brit. p. 3. See him also p. 5. v. Buavall. and p. 53. Also Junius's Gloss. v. Horn and Boule.

page 8 note [x] Caesar de B. G. vi. § 26.

page 8 note [y] Plin. Nat. Hist. lib. xi. c. 37.

page 9 note [z] Ingulphus, p. 9.

page 9 note [a] Witlaf lived in Egbert's reign, and Ulphus is thought to have made his donation in the eleventh century. See the Print of Ulphus's horn before referred to. Of the same kind was the great Horn finely ornamented with silver gilt, given to the Gild of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by John Goldcorn, when alderman, about the middle of the fourteenth century; of which hereafter. Similar to this was probably the smaller drinking horn in Wormius's Museum, of which see his Mon. Danica, p. 394. R. G.

page 10 note [b] Dr. Plott's Nat, Hift. of Staffordshire, p. 430.

page 10 note [c] Geopon. L. xvi. c. 14, 19. xvii. c. 17. Plin. N. H. xxxvi. c. 5.

page 10 note [d] Voss. de Orig. et Progr. Idololatr. I. p. 553.

page 10 note [e] Ibid.

page 10 note [f] Edmund Mortimer, earl of March, who died 1381, in the fifth of R. II. bequeaths by will his great Horn of gold; also his lesser Horn of gold with the firings. Dugd. Bar. I. 149.

page 10 note [g] Mon. Danica, p. 344, 488, copied in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1752, P. 25.

page 10 note [h] Wormius, ib. p. 396, et seq.

page 11 note [i] Dr. Hickes (loc. cit) calls it cornu venatorium; though the grant in Kennet, Par, Antiq, p. 52, calls it simply cornu.

page 11 note [k] At the Temple, to this day, the sound of the Horn is the summons for the hall. “At for that officer called Cornicularius, or the Serjeant of the Horn, be it understood as an ancient note of the Port's tenure by cornage from king Canutus's time, by which, as the best customals of the Cinque Ports inform me, their moots and public assemblies are summoned sonitu cornu.” Philipot's Kent, p. 10.

page 11 note [l] This word is at least as ancient as Chaucer; perhaps it may be borrowed from buculo, id est, buculus. Dr. Littleton, v. Bison, calls that beast a Bugle. See him also v. Bubulus. Other etymons are given by Junius in voce, and by Mr. Lye.

page 12 note [m] Hickes Thes. Pref. p. xxv.–The Horn described by Wormius has in the small end a modern stopper, made after the horn was found, and no traces of an older one. This Horn is exactly the length of Ulfus's, viz. two feet five inches on the convex side; but four inches shorter than it in the concave, i. e. twenty-five inches. The circumference at the great end is twelve inches; that of Ulfus's fifteen inches. Wormius imagines this horn to have preceded Christianity in Denmark, which makes it two centuries older than Ulfus's; if it be not as old as Frotho the Great, who reigned about the beginning of the first century.