^{page 424 note a} Bunsen and other writers have usually assumed that the Comitium was above the Forum, but there is no historical evidence to that effect, and part of the steps which probably led down to it are now exposed.

^{page 424 note b} Ad. Cic. Pro Mil. § 13.

^{page 425 note a} Liv. viii. 14.

^{page 425 note b} An excellent account of the various passages in ancient authors which relate to the Rostra is given by our Fellow Mr. F. Nichols in his valuable work on the Roman Forum. London, 1876.Google Scholar

^{page 425 note c} Liv. iv.17.

^{page 425 note d} Diodor. xii. 26.

^{page 425 note e} Liv. viii. 14; and cf. Cic. in vatin. 10.

^{page 425 note f} Dion. Cass. xlii. 18; and xliii. 49.

^{page 425 note g} Dion. Cass. xliv. 4.

^{page 425 note h} Dial. ii. 1-3.

^{page 425 note i} Suet. J. Caesar, 79.

^{page 426 note a} Aug. 100.

^{page 426 note b} It is not strictly rectangular, as one end wall is not parallel to the other (see Plate I.), but this is probably only one of those accidental irregularities which are common in Roman buildings.

^{page 426 note c} Since writing this the foundation of one of the piers in the second row has been discovered.

^{page 427 note a} The character of brick facings in Rome is a valuable guide to the dates of buildings, but the notion (invented by Mr. J. H. Parker) that a clue can be gained by measuring the number of bricks to the foot is wholly delusive. Mr. Parker's rule was that the more bricks to the foot the earlier the date, but as the joints got thicker the bricks became thinner, so that the brickwork of the reign of Severus ranges fewer bricks to the foot than that of the Flavian Emperors. Moreover the widest variations occur in works of the same date.

It may here be mentioned that there is no such thing as a brick wall among the buildings of ancient Rome; bricks, and these triangular in shape, were merely used as facing to concrete walls. In like manner the many so-called “relieving arches” which frequently appear in brick facing have no constructional use. Many theories have been invented as to the use of those on the Pantheon and elsewhere in concentrating the pressure on to certain points; but when we realise that the concrete wall of the Pantheon is 20 feet thick, while the brick facing only enters it to a depth of about 5 inches, it will easily be seen that these so-called relieving arches have about as much constructional use as if they were painted on the surface of the wall.

^{page 428 note a} The Society is indebted to Messrs. A. and C. Black for the loan of this illustration.

^{page 429 note a} The holes for the Rostra are not shown along the whole front on Plate I., because along part of the front the only existing blocks are at a level below that of the lowest holes.

^{page 429 note b} Lin. Lat. v. 155.

^{page 431 note a} A similar instance of bronze emblemata, applied to marble, existed in one of the friezes of the Erechtheum; it is of dark marble, on which human figures were attached of gilt bronze. See Jahn, Otto, Pausaniae descriptio Arcis Atheiiaruvi, Bonn, 1880Google Scholar, who gives also the valuable inscription now in the British Museum which relates to these figures and their cost.

^{page 432 note a} Along part of this addition is fixed a long length of the original moulded jlmt-h of the Rostra, evidently taken from the end which was hidden by this late extension.

^{page 432 note b} , Jahn, Vasenhilder, Hamburg, 1839.Google Scholar

^{page 432 note c} The same subject is represented on a fine terra-cotta slab in the Louvre.

^{page 433 note a} See , Pliny, Hist. Nat. iii. 99.Google Scholar

^{page 433 note b} Hist. i. 27; see also , Suet. Otho, 6Google Scholar ; and , Plutarch, Galba, 24Google Scholar.

^{page 433 note c} See , Preller, Begionen der Stadt Bom. Jena, 1845.Google Scholar

^{page 433 note d} Since this was written these fragments have been set up in the position conjecturally shown on my plan.