Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-24T06:19:00.502Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Popular Education for the Environment: Building Interest in the Educational Dimension of Social Action

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2015

James Whelan*
Affiliation:
Griffith University
*
Faculty of Environmental Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. Email: james.whelan@griffith.edu.au

Abstract

Community-based environmental education is an important part of the sustainability project. Along with regulation and market-based instruments, adult learning and education in non-formal settings consistently features in the sustainability strategies advocated and implemented by government, community and industry entities.

Community-situated environmental education programs often feature didactic “messaging”™, public awareness and community-based social marketing approaches. Clearly, these approaches have limited capacity to stimulate the social learning necessary to reorient toward sustainability. Popular education provides a framework to break from these dominant modes of environmental communication and education and achieve outcomes of a different order. Popular educators build curriculum from the daily lives of community members, address their social, political and structural change priorities, and emphasise collective rather than individual learning. Their work creates opportunities for education as social action, education for social action, and learning through social action.

Case studies from Australia and the United States highlight opportunities for community educators to draw on the traditions and practices of popular education. Residents of contaminated communities organise “toxic tours”™ to bolster their campaigns for remediation. Residents and conservationists concerned about freeway construction incorporate learning strategies in their campaign plan to enhance peer learning, mentoring and prospects of long-term success. Advocacy organisations and research institutions work together to create formal and informal educational programs to strengthen and learn from social action. The principles derived from these case studies offer a starting point for collaboration and action research.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alinsky, S., (1971). Rules for radicals. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Arnold, R., Burke, B., James, C., Marton, D., & Thomas, B. (1991). Educating for a Change. Toronto: Doris Marshall Institute for Education and Action.Google Scholar
Australia State of the Environment. (2001). Independent Report to the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment and Heritage, Australian State of the Environment Committee. CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage.Google Scholar
Bordieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In Richardson, J. G. (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Boyer, E. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Google Scholar
Bullard, R. D. (2000). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality, (3rd edition). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Cancian, F. M. (1993). Conflicts between activist research and academic success: Participatory research and alternative strategies. The American Sociologist 24(1), 92106.Google Scholar
Chase, S. (2000, unpub). The education and training needs of environmental advocates and organizers. New York: University of New England.Google Scholar
Clover, D. (c.1995). Towards environmental popular education theory and practice, transformative learning centre. North American Alliance for Adult and Popular Education / Learning for Environmental Education Programme.Google Scholar
Clover, D. (1996). Developing international environmental adult education. In Filho, W. Leal Murphy, Z. & O'Loan, K. (Eds.), A sourcebook for environmental education: A practical review based on the Belgrade Charter (pp. 92101). New York: Parthenon.Google Scholar
Crowther, J., Martin, I., & Shaw, M. (1999). Popular education and social movements in Scotland today. Leicester: NIACE.Google Scholar
Fien, J. (2000). “Education for the environment: A critique”-an analysis. Environmental Education Research, 6(2), 179192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, G. (1998). Clearing the theoretical ground: Elements in a theory of popular education. International Review of Education, 44(2–3), 139153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gough, A. (1997). Education and the environment: Policy trends and the problem of marginalisation. Australian Education Review, 39.Google Scholar
Highlander Research and Education Center (1990). Adult education for social change. Retrieved November 8, 2004, from http://www.nl.edu/ace/Lindeman/Change.pdf Google Scholar
Hutton, D., & Connors, L. (1999). A history of the Australian environment movement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jickling, B. (1992). Why I don't want my children to be educated for sustainable development. Journal of Environmental Education, 23(4), 58.Google Scholar
Lee, K. (1993). Compass and gyroscope: Integrating science and politics for the environment. Washington DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Lindeman Centre. Retrieved November 7, 2004, from http://www.nl.edu/ace/Lindeman/News1-97.pdf Google Scholar
McPhillips, K. (Ed.) (2002). Local heroes: Australian crusades from the environmental frontline. Sydney: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Newman, M. (1994). Defining the enemy: Adult education in social action. Paddington, Sydney: Stewart Victor Publishing.Google Scholar
Newman, M. (1993). The third contract: Theory and practice in trade union training. Sydney: Stewart Victor Publishing.Google Scholar
Peace Corps (2002). Service Learning – Makes a Difference. Retrieved November 8, 2004, from http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/service/index.html Google Scholar
Popular Education Network (2002). Popular Education – Plans and Purposes. Retrieved November 12, 2004, from http://www.neskes.net/pen/about.htm Google Scholar
Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Touchstone.Google Scholar
Rukangira, E. (1999). Theory and practice: Information, education, communication and capacity-building. Pachamama, 1-4, 89.Google Scholar
Speeter, G. (1978). Power: A repossession manual. Organizing strategies for citizens. Massachusetts: Citizen Involvement Training Project, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Staudt, K., & Brenner, C. T. (2002). Higher education engages with the community: New policies and inevitable political complexities, Working Paper, Comm-Org: the on-line conference on community organising and development. Retrieved October 12, 2004, from http://www.comm-org.utoledo.edu/papers2002/staudt.htm Google Scholar
Stoecker, R. (1997). Are academics irrelevant? Roles for scholars in participatory research. American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 1999.Google Scholar
Stoecker, R. (2005). Research methods for community change: A project-based approach. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.Google Scholar
Stone, C.N. (1997). “The dilemmas of social reform revisited: Putting civic engagement in the picture”. Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia.Google Scholar
Whelan, J. (2002). Education and training for effective environmental advocacy. PhD thesis, Griffith University.Google Scholar
Whelan, J. (2005). A hard road to learn: Learningfrom failed social action. In Crowther, J., Galloway, V. & Martin, I. (Eds.), Popular Education: Engaging the Academy (pp. 157168). Leicester, UK: NIACE.Google Scholar