Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:26:08.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Red Biocentrism for the Anthropocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2019

Simon Boxley*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Health and Social Care, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
*
Corresponding author. Email: Simon.Boxley@Winchester.ac.uk

Abstract

If the dawn of the Anthropocene heralds the collapse of the natural and social sciences into a single geostory, then why not also a radical synthesis of the anthropocentrism of Marxist theorising with the biocentrism of Deep Ecology? This article proposes just such a unification for theorising education. First, those on the educational left who wish to develop a fundamental unity between red and green should perhaps unearth the roots of Deep Ecological thinking and delve into the long and manifold history of socialist movements, with the aim of identifying where, between the deep red and deep green, might lie some shared origins in common ground. The flawed but nevertheless distinctive monism of the first philosopher of Marxism, Joseph Dietzgen, offers a philosophy that both prefigures the cosmology of Deep Ecology and suggests means of reconciling the narrative of human toil and ‘progress’ with that of human ‘nestedness’. The task facing the socialist looking to explore such a possibility needs to be located principally at the level of ‘cosmic’, rather than ‘social’ ontology, and this article sketches the outlines of such a unity project. Second, from this synthesis flows a set of implications for education and human growth. As the article explains, themes such as alienation and subjectification that cross-pollinate the theoretical perspectives might serve as central motifs in a red biocentric educational project fit for the Anthropocene. It is not solely environmental education, but approaches to education more broadly that require reconceptualisation for the Anthropocene.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderlini-D’Onofrio, S. (2016). Gaia and the new politics of love: Notes for a poly planet. Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico: 3WayKiss.Google Scholar
Anderlini-D’Onofrio, S. & Hagamen, L. (Eds.). (2015). Time for ecosexuality. In Ecosexuality: When nature inspires the arts of love. Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico: 3WayKiss.Google Scholar
Armiero, M., & De Angelis, M. (2017). Anthropocene: Victims, narrators, and revolutionaries. South Atlantic Quarterly, 116, 345362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, G. (1999). Steps to an ecology of mind: collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belykh, A. (1990). The theory of equilibrium of A.A. Bogdanov and Soviet economic discussions of the 1920s. Soviet Studies, 42, 571582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benton, T. (1996). Greening Marxism. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bogdanov, A. (1996). Tektology, Book 1. Hull, UK: Centre for Systems Studies Press.Google Scholar
Bonneuil, C., & Fressoz, J. (2016). The shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, history, and us. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Boxley, S. (2019). Learning nature in schools: Benjamin contra Dietzgen on nature’s ‘free gifts’. Policy Futures in Education, 17, 339354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, G. (2003). Lyotard and Hegel: What is wrong with modernity and what is right with the philosophy of right? History of European Ideas, 29, 223239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callenbach, E. (2004). Ecotopia: The notebooks and reports of William Weston. Berkeley, CA: Banyan Tree Books.Google Scholar
Collard, R., & Dempsey, J. (2018). Accumulation by difference-making: An Anthropocene story, starring witches. Gender, Place & Culture, 25, 13491364CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, P. (2011). Dark green or deep (ecocentric) ethics. In Curry, P., Ecological ethics: An introduction. (pp. 92126). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Dalla Costa, M. (2019). Women and the subversion of the community: A Mariarosa Dalla Costa reader. Oakland, CA: PM Press.Google Scholar
Dalla Costa, M., & James, S. (1975). The power of women and the subversion of the community. Retrieved from https://libcom.org/library/power-women-subversion-community-della-costa-selma-james.Google Scholar
Dietzgen, J. (1906a). The positive outcome of philosophy. Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr & Company Co-Operative.Google Scholar
Dietzgen, J. (1906b). Philosophical essays on socialism and science, religion, ethics; critique-of-reason and the world-at-large. Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr & Company Co-Operative.Google Scholar
Dryzek, J., & Pickering, J. (2019). The politics of the Anthropocene. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dyer-Witheford, N. (2006). Species-being and the new Commonism. The Commoner, 11, 1532.Google Scholar
Eisenstein, C. (2009). Rituals of Lover Earth. Reality Sandwich. Retrieved from http://realitysandwich.com/29000/rituals_lover_earth/.Google Scholar
Federici, S. (2014). Caliban and the witch: women, the body and primitive accumulation. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.Google Scholar
Fleming, P., & Macy, J. (1988). Guidelines for a council of all beings workshop. In Seed, J., Macy, J., Fleming, P., & Naess, A. (Eds.), Thinking like a mountain: towards a council of all beings. Gabriola Island, BC: New Catalyst Books.Google Scholar
Ford, D. (2017). Making Marxist pedagogy magical: From critique to imagination, or how bookkeepers set us free. Critical Education, 8, 113.Google Scholar
Fox, W. (1995). Toward a transpersonal ecology: developing new foundations for environmentalism. Totnes, UK: Green Books.Google Scholar
Fox, W. (2016). From Deep Ecology to the theory of responsive cohesion: A short overview of the development of my work. Retrieved from http://warwickfox.com/files/2016-DE-to-TRC.pdf.Google Scholar
Gerber, J. (1978). The formation of Pannekoek’s Marxism. In Bricianer, S. (Ed.), Pannekoek and the Workers’ Councils. St. Louis, MO: Telos.Google Scholar
Goodison, L. (1992). Moving heaven and earth: sexuality, spirituality and social change. London: Pandora Press.Google Scholar
Gorky, M. (1910). A confession. London: Everett & Co.Google Scholar
Gorter, H. (1989). Open letter to comrade Lenin: A reply to ‘left-wing’ communism, an infantile disorder. London: Wildcat.Google Scholar
Greer, J. (2012). The blood of the Earth: An essay on magic and peak oil. London: Bibliotheque Rouge.Google Scholar
Grey, P. (2013). Apocalyptic witchcraft. London: Scarlet Imprint.Google Scholar
Hagamen, L. (2016). Ecosexuality: embracing a force of nature. Communities, 173, 2729.Google Scholar
Hallam, R. (2019). The civil resistance model. In Farrell, C., Green, A., Knights, S., & Skeaping, W. (Eds.) This is not a drill: An Extinction Rebellion handbook. London: Penguin.Google ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, C., Bonneuil, C., & Gemenne, F. (2015). Thinking the Anthropocene. In C. Hamilton, C. Bonneuil, & F. Gemenne (Eds.) The Anthropocene and the global environmental crisis (pp. 113). London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardt, M. (2010). The common in communism. In Douzinas, C. & Žižek, S. (Eds.) The idea of communism (pp. 131144). London: Verso.Google Scholar
HM Treasury. (2006). Stern Review final report. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100407172811/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/stern_review_report.htm.Google Scholar
ICC. (2001). The Dutch and German Communist Left. London: Porcupine Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, K. (1978). Beyond Marx and Mach. Alexander Bogdanov’s ‘Philosophy of Living Experience’. London: D. Reidel Publishing Company.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, C. (1991). Blood relations: menstruation and the origins of culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Long, M. (1981) Visions of a new faith. Science Digest, 89, 3643.Google Scholar
Macy, J., & Brown, M. (1998). Coming back to Life: practices to reconnect our lives, our world. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.Google Scholar
Mansueto, A. (1996). From dialectic to organization: Bogdanov’s contribution to social theory. Studies in East European Thought, 48, 3761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Măntescu, L. (2016). Ecoporn, irrationalities and radical environmentalism (THESys Discussion Paper No. 2016–3). Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Retrieved from https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/3786/3.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1965). Pre-capitalist economic formations. New York, NY: International Publishers.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1990). Capital volume 1. London, UK: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1995). The poverty of philosophy. New York, NY: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Mathews, F. (2003). For love of matter: A contemporary panpsychism. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Mathews, F. (2005). Reinhabiting reality: Towards a recovery of culture. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
McFarland-Taylor, S. (2004). Land as lover: Mormon eco-eroticism and planetary plural marriage in the work of Terry Tempest Williams. Nova Religio, 8, 3956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, M. (2012). Sex and the intelligence of the heart: Nature, intimacy, and sexual energy. Rochester, VT: Destiny Books.Google Scholar
Merrifield, A. (2011). Magical Marxism: Subversive politics and the imagination. London, UK: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Mezzandra, S. (2018). In the Marxian workshops: Producing subjects. London, UK: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Mohdin, A., & Carrell, S. (2019). Extinction Rebellion activists throw ‘blood’ outside Downing Street. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/mar/09/extinction-rebellion-activists-arrested-over-scottish-oil-protest.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (2015). Capitalism in the web of life: ecology and the accumulation of capital. London, UK: Verso.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (Ed.). (2016). Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, history, and the crisis of capitalism. Oakland, CA: PM Press.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (2017). Anthropocenes and the Capitalocene alternative. Azimuth, 9, 7177.Google Scholar
Moufawad-Paul, J. (2014). The Communist necessity. Montreal, Canada: Kersplebedeb Publishing.Google Scholar
Naess, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. A summary’. Inquiry, 16, 95100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naess, A. (1988). Identification as a source of deep ecological attitudes. In Tobias, M. (Ed.), Deep ecology. (pp. 256270). San Marcos, CA: Avant Books.Google Scholar
Naess, A. (1995a). Self-realization: An ecological approach to being in the world. In Sessions, G. (Ed.), Deep ecology for the 21st century: readings on the philosophy and practice of the new environmentalism (pp. 225239). Boston, MA: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Naess, A. (1995b). Ecosophy and Gestalt ontology. In Sessions, G. (Ed.), Deep ecology for the 21st century: Readings on the philosophy and practice of the new environmentalism (pp. 240248). Boston, MA: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Naess, A. (2008). Reflections on total views. In Naess, A. (Ed.), The ecology of wisdom: Writings by Arne Naess (pp. 145159). Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint.Google Scholar
Orr, D. (2004). Earth in mind. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Ollman, B. (1979). Social and sexual revolution: Essays on Marx and Reich. Boston, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
Orton, D. (1998). Left Biocentrism Primer. Online at http://home.ca.inter.net/~greenweb/lbprimer.htm. Last visited 29/3/19.Google Scholar
Orton, D. (2000). Is Left biocentrism relevant to green parties? The Trumpeter. Retrieved from http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/144/168Google Scholar
Pannekoek, A. (1906). The position and significance of J. Dietzgen’s philosophical works. In Dietzgen, J. (Ed.), The positive outcome of philosophy (pp. 740). Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr & Company Co-Operative.Google Scholar
Pannekoek, A. (2003). Lenin as philosopher. Sawbridgeworth, UK: Red Line Publications.Google Scholar
Pearson, J. (2007). Wicca and the Christian heritage: Ritual, sex, and magic. London, UK: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peat, D. (1987). Synchronicity: The bridge between mind and matter. New York, NY: Bantam.Google Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2018). Eco-anxiety, tragedy, and hope: Psychological and spiritual dimensions of climate change. Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science, 53, 545569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Real Media. (2019). Blood of our children — Extinction Rebellion. Real Media. Retrieved from https://realmedia.press/blood-of-our-children/.Google Scholar
Reich, W. (1976). People in trouble. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Rikowski, G. (2002). Fuel for the living fire: labour-power! In Dinerstien, A. & Neary, M. (Eds.), The Labour debate: An investigation into the theory and reality of capitalist work (pp. 179202). Basingstoke, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Rikowski, G. (2018, July). Marxism and education: fragility, crisis, critique, negativity and social form(s). Paper presented at International Conference on Critical Education VIII, London, UK.Google Scholar
Rikowski, G., & Ford, D. (2019). Marxist education across the generations: A dialogue on education, time, and transhumanism. Postdigital Science and Education. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0028-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shukman, D. (2019). UK basks in warmest February day on record. Does climate change have a role? BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47360952#.Google Scholar
Shuttle, P., & Redgrove, P. (2005). The wise wound: menstruation and everywoman. London, UK: Marion Boyars.Google Scholar
Skott-Myhre, K. (2018). Feminist spirituality under capitalism: witches, fairies and nomads. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sorel, G. (1999). Reflections on violence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stubbes, P. (1973). The anatomie of abuses. New York, NY: Garland Publishers.Google Scholar
Susiluoto, I. (1982). The origins and development of Systems Thinking in the Soviet Union: political and philosophical controversies from Bogdanov and Bukharin to present-day re-evaluations. Helsinki, Finland: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.Google Scholar
Untermann, E. (1918) Antonio Labriola and Joseph Dietzgen: A comparison of historical materialism and monist materialism. In Labriola, A. (Ed.), Socialism and philosophy (pp. 222260). Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr & Company.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1986). The other Bolsheviks: Lenin and his critics, 1904–1914. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, T. (1995). Desert quartet: An erotic landscape. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. (1953) Transitional objects and transitional phenomena: A study of the first not-me Possession. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 34, 8997.Google ScholarPubMed
Žižek, S. (2010). Living in the end times. Polygraph, 22, 243264.Google Scholar