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⁵ The most recent exposition of the failure hypothesis is Gerschenkron's, AlexanderAn Economic Spurt That Failed (Princeton, N.J., 1977).Google Scholar

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⁸ Hence this is not a comprehensive survey of Habsburg historiography, and some important recent books are not discussed here as they fall outside the thematic or chronological focus of this review. For example, the sequel to März's 1968 study of the Creditanstalt in the nineteenth century, Österreichische Bankpolitik in der Zeit der groβen Wende, 1913–1923 (Vienna, 1981)Google Scholar, deals with a considerably shorter period and is primarily concerned with wartime finance, the transition to the First Republic, and the problems of inflation and stabilization during the early 1920s. However, both volumes are recommended as perhaps the best recent examples of noncliometric research in Austrian economic history, drawing on a large array Of archival and published sources. Roman Sandgruber has produced a detailed study of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century origins of the consumer society: Die Anfänge der Konsumgesellschaft. Konsumgüterverbrauch, Lebensstandard und Alltagskultur in Österreich im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert (Munich, 1982).Google Scholar His most recent Ökonomie und Politik. Österreichische Wirtschaftsgeschichte vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart (Vienna, 1995)Google Scholar, part of a ten-volume Österreichische Geschichte and directed primarily at the nonspecialist reader, offers a broad overview and covers a period of more than a thousand years.

⁹ Good, , Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire, 92–94.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Ibid., 256.

¹¹ Ibid., 253.

¹² Ibid., 173.

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¹⁸ In the second part of the book Komlos extends his model to England and preindustrial economic growth in general.

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