Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T09:25:29.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The nonstate explanation of hypnosis: Stronger evidence is required

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Benjamin Wallace
Benjamin Wallace
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Continuing Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , September 1987 , pp. 524 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ascher, L. M., Barber, T. X. & Spanos, N. P. (1972) Two attempts to replicate the Parrish-Lundy-Leibowitz experiment on hypnotic age regression. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 14:178–85. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barber, T. X. (1969) Hypnosis: A scientific approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold. [BW]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1970) LSD, marihuana, yoga, and hypnosis. Aldine. [HJS]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1976) Pitfalls in human research: Ten pivotal points. Pergamon. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Barrios, M. V. & Singer, J. L. (1982) The treatment of creative blocks: A comparison of waking imagery, hypnotic dream and rational discussion techniques. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1:89–109. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beahrs, J. O. (1986) The “special-process” controversy: What is at issue? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:467–68. [SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beecher, H. K. (1956) Relationship of significance of wound to pain experienced. Journal of the American Medical Association 161:1609–13. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beers, T. M. & Karoly, P. (1979) Cognitive strategies, expectancy, and coping in the control of pain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 47:179–80. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bem, D. J. (1972) Self-perception theory. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 6, ed. Berkowitz, L.. Academic Press. [DRG]Google Scholar
Blum, G. S. & Graef, J. R. (1971) The detection over time of subjects simulating hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 19:211–24. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, B. G. (1985) Neurophysiologic changes in multiple personality due to integration: A preliminary report. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 26:84–92. [rNPS, SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brody, N. (1986) Cognitively induced analgesia and semantic dissociation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:470. [SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaves, J. F. & Barber, T. X. (1976) Hypnotic procedures and surgery: A critical analysis with applications to “acupuncture analgesia.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 18:217–36. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clagett, M. (1959) Critical problems in the history of science. University of Wisconsin Press. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Colaizzi, P. F. (1973) Reflection and research in psychology: A phenomenological study of learning. Kendall/Hunt. [SK]Google Scholar
Coons, P. M., Milstein, V. & Marley, C. (1982) EEG studies of two multiple personalities and a control. Archives of General Psychiatry 39:823–25. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Editorial commentary (1986) Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:488–89. [HJS]Google Scholar
Edmonston, W. E. Jr, (1977) Body morphology and the capacity for hypnosis. In: Conceptual and investigative approaches to hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena, ed. Edmonston, W. E. Jr, New York Academy of Sciences. [SK]Google Scholar
Edmonston, W. E. Jr, (1981) Hypnosis and relaxation. Wiley. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Ellenberger, H. E. (1970) The discovery of the unconscious. Basic Books. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Erickson, M. H. (1980) Innovative hypnotherapy, ed. Rossi, E. L.. Irvington. [LJK]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. (1979) Hypnosis and sleep: Techniques for exploring cognitive activity during sleep. In: Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives, ed, Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine. [SK]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. (1986) Hypnosis and behavioral compliance: Is the cup half-empty or halffull? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:471–73. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, F. J. & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1973) Posthypnotic amnesia as disrupted retrieval. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 82:317–23. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, F. J. & McGlashan, T. H. (1967) Work and effort during pain. Perceptual and Motor Skills 25:794. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Festinger, L. (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press. [DRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feyerabend, P. (1978) Against method. London: Verso. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Gergen, K. J. (1965) The effects of interaction goals and personalistic feedback on the presentation of self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1:413–24. [DRG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorassini, D. R. (1987) Use of concurrent verbalization to assess the dissociation of conscious controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96:218–220. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorassini, D. R. & Spanos, N. P. (1986) A social cognitive skills approach to the successful modification of hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:1004–12. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, C. & Evans, F. J. (1977) Hypnotizability and the deployment of waking attention. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:631–38. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, K. R. (1986) Explaining “virtuoso” hypnotic performance: Social psychology or experiential skill? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:473–74. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwald, A. G., Pratkanis, A. R., Leippe, M. R. & Baumgardner, M. H. (1986) Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress? Psychological Review 93:216–29. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1977) Divided consciousness. Wiley. [rNPS, SK]Google ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. & Hilgard, J. R. (1983) Hypnosis in the relief of pain (revised ed.). Kaufman. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Hilgard, E. R., Ruch, J. C., Lange, A. F., Lenox, J. R., Morgan, A. H. & Sachs, L. B. (1974) The psychophysics of cold pressor pain and its modification through hypnotic suggestion. American Journal of Psychology 87:17–31. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, J. (1979) Personality and hypnosis. Chicago University Press. [LJK]Google Scholar
Johnson, R. F. Q., Maher, B. & Barber, T. X. (1972) Artifact in the “essence” of hypnosis: An evaluation of trance logic. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:234–38. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, E. E., Gergen, K. J. & Davis, K. E. (1962) Some determinants of reactions to being approved or disapproved as a person. Psychological Monographs 76:(2, Whole No. 521). [DRG]Google Scholar
Jones, E. E. & Pittman, T. S. (1982) Toward a general theory of strategic selfpresentation. In: Psychological perspectives on the self, vol. 1, ed. Suls, J.. Erlbaum. [DRG]Google Scholar
Jones, E. E., Rhodewalt, F., Berglas, S. & Skelton, J. A. (1981) Effects of strategic self-presentation on subsequent self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41:407–21. [DRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E. E. & Wortman, C. (1973) Ingratiation: An attributional approach. General Learning Press. [DRG]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1985) Hypnosis. Annual Review of Psychology 36:385–418. [BW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1986) Strong inferences about hypnosis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:474–75. [DRG, SK, BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. & Wilson, L. (1984) Temporal organization of recall during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:200–8. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirmayer, L. J. (in press) Word magic and the rhetoric of common sense: Erickson's metaphors for mind. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. [LJK]Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Kunkle, E. C. (1949) Phasic pains induced by cold. Journal of Applied Physiology 1:811–24. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovallo, W. (1975) The cold pressor test and autonomic function: A review and integration. Psychophysiology 12:268–82. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ludwig, A. M., Brandsma, J. M., Wilbur, C. B., Benfeldt, F. & Jameson, D. H. (1972) The objective study of multiple personality: Or, are four heads better than one? Archives ofCeneral Psychiatry 26:298–310. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, R. D. & Smith, J. R. (1975) Trance logic in tranceable and simulating subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 23:80–89. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGlashan, T. H., Evans, F. J. & Orne, M. T. (1969) The nature of hypnotic analgesia and placebo response to experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 31:227–46. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, C. M. (1979) Hypnotic susceptibility, EEC theta and alpha waves and hemispheric specificity. In: Hypnosis, ed. Burrows, G. D., Collison, D. R. & Dennerstein, L.. Elsevier/North-Holland. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1959) The nature of hypnosis: Artifact and essence. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 58:277–99. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parrish, M., Lundy, R. M. & Leibowitz, H. W. (1969) Effect of hypnotic age regression on the magnitude of the Ponzo and Poggendorff illusions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74:693–98. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pattie, F. A. (1937) The genuineness of hypnotically produced anesthesia of the skin. American Journal of Psychology 49:435–43. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, C. W. & Chisholm, W. (1973) Hypnotic age regression and the Ponzo and Poggendorff illusions. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 21:192–204. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, J. E. (1973) Trance logic: Artifact or essence in hypnosis? Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Peters, L. G. & Price-Williams, D. (1983) A phenomenological overview of trance. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 20(1):5–39. [LJK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, J. W., Woodward, J. A., Bisbee, T. C. & Fenker, R. M. (1971) Effects of hypnotic age regression on the magnitude of the Ponzo illusion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:189–94. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radtke, H. L. & Spanos, N. P. (1981) Temporal sequencing during posthypnotic amnesia: A methodological critique. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:476–85. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raikov, V. L. (1976) The possibility of creativity in the active stage of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 24:258–68. [rNPS, SK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raikov, V. L. (1977) Theoretical analysis of deep hypnosis: Creative activity of hypnotized subjects into transformed self-consciousness. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 19:214–20. [rNPS, SK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravitz, L. J. (1950) Electrometric correlates of the hypnotic state. Science 112:341–51. [rNPS, SK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, R. & Rubin, D. B. (1978) Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 studies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:377–86. [SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. (1950) Contributions to role-taking theory: I. Hypnotic behavior. Psychological Review 57:255–70. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarbin, T. R. & Coe, W. C. (1972) Hypnosis: A social psychological analysis of influence communication. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [SK, BW]Google Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. & Coe, W. C. (1979) Hypnosis and psychopathology: Replacing old myths with fresh metaphors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:506–26. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheehan, P. W., Obstoj, I. & McConkey, K. (1976) Trance logic and cue structure as supplied by the hypnotist. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:459–72. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. (1971) Goal-directed fantasy and the performance of hypnotic test suggestions. Psychiatry 34:86–96. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. (1982) Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive social psychological perspective. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior 7:199–213. [DRG]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1986) Hypnotic behavior: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and “trance logic.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:449–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1986r) More on the social psychology of hypnotic responding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:489–97. [DRG, SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Bridgeman, M., Stam, H. J., Gwynn, M. I. & Saad, C. L. (1983) When seeing is not believing: The effect of contextual variables on the reports of hypnotic hallucinators. Imagination, Cognition and Personalit 3:195–209. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Brown, J. M., Jones, B. & Homer, D. (1981) Cognitive activity and suggestions for analgesia in the reduction of reported pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:554–61. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Cobb, P. & Gorassini, D. (1985) Failing to resist hypnotic suggestions: A strategy for self-presenting as deeply hypnotized. Psychiatry 48:282–93. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., de Groot, H. P. & Gwynn, M. I. (in press) “Trance logic” as incomplete responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., de Groot, H. P., Tiller, D. K., Weekes, J. R. & Bertrand, L. D. (1985) “Trance logic” duality and hidden observer responding in hypnotic imagination control, and simulating subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:611–23. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Dubreuil, D. L., Saad, C. L. & Gorassini, D. (1983) Hypnotic elimination of prism-induced aftereffects: Perceptual effect or response to experimental demands. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92:216–22. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Gorassini, D. (1984) Structure of hypnotic test suggestions and attributions of responding involuntarily. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:688–96. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Gorassini, D. & Petrusic, W. (1981) Hypnotically-induced limb anesthesia and adaptation to displacing prisms: A failure to confirm. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:329–33. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Gwynn, M. I., Delia Malva, L. & Bertrand, L. D. (1987) Contextual demands and posthypnotic source amnesia. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Gwynn, M. I. & Stam, H. J. (1983) Instructional demands and ratings of overt and hidden pain during hypnotic analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92:479–88. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Ham, M. W. & Barber, T. X. (1973) Suggested (“hypnotic”) visual hallucinations: Experimental and phenomenological data. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 81:96–106. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Hewitt, E. C. (1980) The hidden observer in hypnotic analgesia: Discovery or experimental creation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:1201–14. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Hodgins, D. C., Stam, H. J. & Gwynn, M. I. (1984) Suffering for science: The effects of implicit social demands on response to experimentally induced pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:1162–72. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Katsanis, J. (1987) Effects of instructional set on attributions of noncolition during hypnotic and nonhypnotic analgesia. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Mah, C. D., Pawlak, A. E., D'Eon, J. L. & Ritchie, C. (1980) A multivariate and factor analytic study of hypnotic susceptibility. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., McLean, J. M. & Bertrand, L. D. (in press) Serial organization during hypnotic amnesia under two conditions of item presentation. Journal of Research in Personality. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & McPeake, J. D. (1977) Cognitive strategies, goal-directed fantasy and response to suggestion in hypnotic subjects. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 20:114–23. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Moretti, P. (in press) Correlates of mystical and diabolical experiences in a sample of female subjects. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L. & Bertrand, L. D. (1984) Hypnotic amnesia as a strategic enactment: The successful breaching of hypnotic amnesia in high susceptible subjects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47:1155–69. [SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L., Hodgins, D. C., Stam, H. J. & Bertrand, L. D. (1983) The Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale: Normative data and psychometric properties. Psychological Reports 53:523–35. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Radtke-Bodorik, H. L., Ferguson, J. & Jones, B. (1979) The effects of hypnotic susceptibility, suggestions for analgesia and the utilization of cognitive strategies on the reduction of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:282–92. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Rivers, S. M. & Ross, S. (1977) Experienced involuntariness and response to hypnotic suggestions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 296:208–21. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Saad, C. L. (1984) Prism adaptation in hypnotically limbanesthetized subjects: More disconfirming data. Perceptual and Motor Skills 59:379–86. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Weekes, J. R. & Bertrand, L. D. (1985) Multiple personality: A social psychological perspective. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:362–67. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Weekes, J. R., Menary, E. P. & Bertrand, L. D. (1986) Hypnotic interview and age regression procedures in the elicitation of multiple personality symptoms: A simulation study. Psychiatry 49:298–311. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spiegel, D. (1986) Painstaking reminders of forgotten trance logic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:484–85. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stam, H. J., McGrath, P. A. & Brooke, R. I. (1984) The effects of a cognitive behavioral treatment program on temporo-mandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine 46:534–45. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J., McGrath, P. A., Brooke, R. I. & Cosier, F. (1986) Hypnotizability and the treatment of chronic facial pain. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 34:182–91. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J., Petrusic, W. M. & Spanos, N. P. (1981) Magnitude scales for cold pressor pain. Perception and Psychophysics 29:612–17. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J. & Spanos, N. P. (1980) Experimental designs, expectancy effects, and hypnotic analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:751–62. [rNPS, HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J. & Spanos, N. P. (in press) Hypnotic analgesia, placebo analgesia, and ischemic pain: The effects of contextual variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. [HJS]Google Scholar
StJean, R. & Coe, W. C. (1981) Recall and recognition memory during posthypnotic amnesia: A failure to confirm the disrupted retrieval hypothesis and the memory disorganization hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:231–41. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sulloway, F. J. (1979) Freud: Biologist of the mind. Basic Books. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Turk, D. C. & Rudy, T. E. (1986) Hypnotic behavior dissected or … pulling the wings off butterflies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:485. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (1986) State versus nonstate paradigms of hypnosis: A real or a false dichotomy? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:486–87. [SK, BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, B. & Fisher, L. E. (1979) Proprioception and the production of adaptation and intermanual transfer to prismatic displacement. Perception & Psychophysics 26:113–17. [BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, B. & Fisher, L. E. (1982) Hypnotically-induced limb anesthesia and adaptation to displacing prisms: Replication requires adherence to critical procedures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:390–91. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, B. & Fisher, L. E. (1984) Prism adaptation with hypnotically-induced limb anesthesia: The critical roles of head position and prism type. Perception and Psychophysics 36:303–6. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, B. & Garrett, J. B. (1973) Reduced felt arm sensation effects on visual adaptation. Perception and Psychophysics 14:597–600. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, B. & Fisher, L. E. (1975) Perceptual adaptation with selective reductions of felt sensation. Perception 4:437–45. [rNPS, BW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, E. A. (1986) Attentional capacities have neurological basis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:487–88. [SK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wicklund, R. A. & Brehm, J. W. (1976) Perspectives on cognitive dissonance. Erlbaum. [DRC]Google Scholar
Wilson, S. C. & Barber, T. X. (1983) The fantasy-prone personality: Implications for understanding imagery, hypnosis, and parapsychological phenomena. In: Imagery: Current theory, research, and application, ed. Sheikh, A. A.. Wiley. [SK]Google Scholar
Wolf, S. & Hardy, J. D. (1941) Studies on pain. Observations on pain due to local cooling and on factors involved in the “cold pressor” effect. Journal of Clinical Investigation 20:512–33. [HJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed