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Benchmarking Routine Psychological Services: A Discussion of Challenges and Methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2012

Jaime Delgadillo ,
Dean McMillan ,
Chris Leach ,
Mike Lucock ,
Simon Gilbody  and
Nick Wood
Jaime Delgadillo*
Affiliation:
Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
Dean McMillan
Affiliation:
University of York, UK
Chris Leach
Affiliation:
South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and University of Huddersfield, UK
Mike Lucock
Affiliation:
South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and University of Huddersfield, UK
Simon Gilbody
Affiliation:
University of York, UK
Nick Wood
Affiliation:
Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
*
Reprint requests to Jaime Delgadillo, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust - Primary Care Mental Health, The Reginald Centre, Second Floor, 263 Chapeltown Road, Leeds LS7 3EX, UK. E-mail: jaime.delgadillo@nhs.net
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Abstract

Background: Policy developments in recent years have led to important changes in the level of access to evidence-based psychological treatments. Several methods have been used to investigate the effectiveness of these treatments in routine care, with different approaches to outcome definition and data analysis. Aims: To present a review of challenges and methods for the evaluation of evidence-based treatments delivered in routine mental healthcare. This is followed by a case example of a benchmarking method applied in primary care. Method: High, average and poor performance benchmarks were calculated through a meta-analysis of published data from services working under the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Programme in England. Pre-post treatment effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals were estimated to illustrate a benchmarking method enabling services to evaluate routine clinical outcomes. Results: High, average and poor performance ES for routine IAPT services were estimated to be 0.91, 0.73 and 0.46 for depression (using PHQ-9) and 1.02, 0.78 and 0.52 for anxiety (using GAD-7). Data from one specific IAPT service exemplify how to evaluate and contextualize routine clinical performance against these benchmarks. Conclusions: The main contribution of this report is to summarize key recommendations for the selection of an adequate set of psychometric measures, the operational definition of outcomes, and the statistical evaluation of clinical performance. A benchmarking method is also presented, which may enable a robust evaluation of clinical performance against national benchmarks. Some limitations concerned significant heterogeneity among data sources, and wide variations in ES and data completeness.

Keywords

Benchmarkingprimary caredepressionanxiety
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , January 2014 , pp. 16 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2012 

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