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- Roman Britain in 1987
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- Copyright © S. S. Frere 1988. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies
References
1 Excavation for the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust was directed by D. Longley. See Rescue News No. 42 (Summer 1987), 4 with plan.
2 Survey for the County Council and University of Manchester was undertaken by Dr W. Sowerbutts and Messrs. G. Eyre-Morgan and P. Robbins. Professor G.D.B. Jones sent information.
3 For previous work see Britannia viii (1977), 358; ix (1978) 406, 482; x (1979), 269; xiii (1982), 329; xviii (1987), 302–3.
4 Survey for the County Council and Manchester University was by Dr W. Sowerbutts.
5 Survey for Manchester University was by Dr Sowerbutts. Professor G.D.B. Jones sent information on both sites.
6 Survey and excavation was by Professor Barri Jones, who sent information.
7 For a map of the area showing numbered features see Crew, P., BBCS xxviii (1980), 734.Google Scholar
8 See Frere, and Joseph, St., Roman Britain from the Air (Cambridge, 1983), pl. 58Google Scholar , bottom of photograph.
9 Arch. Camb. lxxxii (1927), 333–54; lxxxiv (1929), 100–139.
10 Excavation for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust was by Kevin Blockley, who sent information and plans.
11 For discovery, see Britannia xviii (1987), 304.
12 Lxcavation was directed by Professor G.D.B. Jones, who sent an interim report and illustrations. See also Archaeology Today viii, No. 7 (August, 1987), 21–6.
13 For a plan of Carmarthen see Nash-Williams, V.E., The Roman Frontier in Wales (2nd ed. by Jarretl, M.G., Cardiff, 1969), 73Google Scholar , fig. 33; Britannia i (1969), 271, fig. 2 (modified by ibid, viii (1977), 360).
14 Britannia xiii (1982), 329–30, plan, fig. 2.
15 Excavations for Dyfed Archaeological Trust were directed (i) by W.H. John, (ii) by K.M. Murphy. Information was sent by Heather James.
16 Excavation for the Dyfed Archaeological Trust and University College Lampeter was directed by Dr and Mrs Burnham. Dr Barry Burnham sent an interim report.
17 For previous work see BBCS xxxi (1984), 259–92; Britannia xvi (1985), 255; xvii (1986), 366.
18 Britannia xvi (1985), 255.
19 Excavation for the Board of Celtic Studies was directed by Dr J.L. Davies, who sent information.
20 For previous work see Britannia xiv (1983), 282.
21 op. cit. (note 24), 18, and information from Dr E.M. Evans.
22 They were found by Mr M. Cooke and identified by Mrs J. Webster: information from Dr E.M. Evans.
23 For previous work see Britannia xiv (1983), 282–3 (with plan); xv (1984), 268–9; xvi (1985), 255–6.
24 Excavation for Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments and the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust was directed by Mr B. Railton. Dr E.M. Evans sent information and the plan. See also the Trust's Annual Review 1987–8, 20–22.
25 See the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust's Annual Review iç8y-8, 8–9.
26 For location see Britannia xviii (1987), 305, fig. 4.
27 Antiq. Journ. ix (1929), 1–7; Boon, G.C., Isca (Cardiff, 1972), 107.Google Scholar
28 For a map of this area see Britannia xvi (1985), 262, fig. 9.
29 Excavations for the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust were directed at sites (ii-v) by C.N. Maylan. Dr E.M. Evans sent information: see also the Trust's Half Yearly Review (Oct. 1987), 10.
30 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 308–9. For the original excavations by T. Ashby in 1905, 1907 and 1909 see Archaeologia lx (1906), 128–30; lxi (1909), 569–82 with plan, pl. xci.
31 Excavations for Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments were directed by R.J. Brewer, who sent an interim report.
32 Information from Dr E.M. Evans. See also the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust's Annual Review 1987–8, 10.
33 Manning, W.H., Usk: the Fortress Excavations 1068–71 (Cardiff, 1984), 86Google Scholar , fig. 34; cf. Britannia xviii (1987), 308, fig. 6.
34 Müller, G., Ausgrabungen in Dormagen 1963–77 (Köln, 1979).Google Scholar
35 Excavations for the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust were directed by A.G. Marvell: Site (i) was supervised by Messrs. C. Brown and D. Maynard; Site (ii) by Messrs. I. Stewart and D. Price. Dr E.M. Evans sent information: see also the Trust's Half-Yearly Review (Oct. 1987) and Annual Review 1987–8.
36 For previous work and C 14 date of AD. 80–130 see Britannia xviii (1987), 309.
37 Excavation for Manchester and Newcastle upon Tyne Universities was directed by Professor G.D.B. Jones and Messrs. C.M. Daniels and I. Keillar. Professor Jones sent information and the plan.
38 Report by Alexandra Shepherd in PSAS cxvi (1986), 205–9.
39 Excavation by the Scottish Central Excavation Unit for SDD was directed at both Sites 1 and 2 by Eoin Halpen. Dr D. Breeze sent information.
40 For the camp see JRS lix (1969) 111, with pl. iv, 1.
41 See note 39.
42 Excavation for the Falkirk Museum was directed by G.B. Bailey. Mr J.M. Sanderson sent information and the plan.
43 See Britannia xv (1984), 275; for a fuller description ibid, xviii (1987), 37.
44 Excavation was directed by Gordon Maxwell and Professor J.K. St Joseph. Mr Maxwell sent information.
45 Excavation for SDD was by Falkirk Museum. Mr G.B. Bailey sent an illustrated report.
46 Excavation for SDD was by Lawrence Keppie. DAES 1987, 53.
47 Britannia xiv (1983), 289.
48 Work was by the Edinburgh City Museum. See CBA Archaeology in Britain 1986, 114.
49 Britannia xviii (1987), 312–13.
50 Excavation for SDD was directed by Dr W.S. Hanson, who sent information and a plan.
51 RCAHM Lanarkshire (1978), 125Google Scholar , fig. 75.
52 Excavation for the SDD was directed by Dr L.J.F. Keppie, who sent information and a plan.
53 RCAHM, Lanarkshire (1978), 127.Google Scholar
54 Information from Gordon Maxwell.
55 DA ES 1987, 44.
56 Excavation for the SDD was directed by Dr L.J.F. Keppie, who sent information and a plan.
57 Information was sent by Gordon Maxwell.
58 For references to previous work at Newstead see Frere, and Joseph, St, Roman Britain from the Air (Cambridge 1983), 120–22Google Scholar ; TIR, Britannia Septentrionalis, s.v.
59 Work for Bradford University was directed by Mr M. Gillings and Dr R.J.F. Jones, who sent information.
60 This gate lies just south of the southernmost row of granaries on FIG II.
61 For these see Britannia xvii (1986), 374; xviii (1987), 315.
62 Britannia xviii (1987), 315.
63 Cf. the principia at Newcastle, Britannia xv (1984), 278; xvii (1986), 377, fig. 9 (plan).
64 For this see Britannia xv (1984), 277; xviii (1987), 315.
65 See Dore, J.N. and Gillam, J.P., The Roman Fort at South Shields (Newcastle, 1979), 55Google Scholar and fig. 22.
66 This granary lies in the most south-easterly row, adjacent to the via praetoria: Dore and Gillam (op. cit., note 65), fig. 22.
67 See p. 492, No. 9.
68 For the plan of these partitions see Dore and Gillam (op. cit., note 65), fig. 22.
69 Cf. Britannia xvii (1986), 376, mentioning a wide ditch with a Punic profile deduced from cuts now known to have been of more than one period.
70 Britannia xviii (1987), 315.
71 Britannia xvii (1986), 376, describing later activities; the capstone of a merlon came from a fragment of an inner ditch cut by the late Roman or early post-Roman ditch. Information and the plan were sent by Paul Bidwell.
72 Britannia xviii (1987), 315.
73 Excavation for the City of Newcastle was directed by Mr J. Nolan. Miss Barbara Harbottle sent information.
74 Excavation for HBMC and the MSC was supervised by Miss M. Watson and directed by P.T. Bidwell, who sent information. A trial excavation was directed by C. O'Brien.
75 For the vicus see Salway, P., The Frontier People of Roman Britain (Cambridge, 1967), 84–91Google Scholar ; for the earthworks, Frere, and Joseph, St., Roman Britain from the Air (Cambridge, 1983), 64–7.Google Scholar
76 Excavation for the National Trust and HBMC was directed by J.G. Crow, who sent information.
77 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 378; xviii (1987), 315–16.
78 Excavation for the Vindolanda Trust was directed by Robin Birley, who sent information and photographs.
79 For earlier work see Simpson, F.G., Watermills and Military Works on Hadrian's Wall (Kendal, 1976), 86Google Scholar , fig. 28, pl. 5; Britannia xvii (1986), 378–81 with plan, fig. 11; xviii (1987), 316.
80 See note 76.
81 Britannia xviii (1987), 316.
82 For a plan of this see Current Archaeology No. 108 (February 1988), 17.
83 See note 76.
84 See note 76.
85 See RIB 1909.
86 Excavation for Cumbria County Council by the Central Excavation Unit was directed by Tony Willmott, who sent information and illustrations.
87 The work was directed by Mr D.J. Woolliscroft, who sent information and plans. See Manchester Arch. Bulletin iii.
88 For a plan, see Britannia xvi (1985), 275, fig. 15.
89 CW 1 xii (1893), 344–64; Arch. Journ. cxxxv (1978), 115–16, fig. 1.
90 CW 1 iv (1879), 339; this was seen again in 1984.
91 CW 2 lxiv (1964), 21–3.
92 Observations on behalf of Carlisle City Council were by Ian Caruana, who sent information. Finds were collected by Alan James.
93 Excavation for Cleveland County Archaeology Section was by Mr R. Daniels. Mr B. Vynor sent information.
94 Information from Andrew Burnett.
95 See Britannia viii (1977), 382–3
96 See RCHM City of York i, Eboracum (1962), 97–101.Google Scholar
97 ibid 69.
98 Excavations for the York Archaeological Trust were supervised (i) and (iv) by P.J. Ottaway; (ii) by N.F. Pearson; (iii) by N.J. Oakey; (v) and (vi) by D.A. Brinklow. Information and the plan were sent by P.V. Addyman.
99 Excavation and field-work was by Ian Lawton, who sent information.
100 For previous work see Britannia ix (1978), 427; xii (1981), 329–30; xiii (1982), 349; xiv (1983), 294; xv (1984), 282; xvi (1985), 278–9; and on the Roman landscape here, Archaeological Survey of … Wharram Percy i (BAR 172, 1987).
101 Information was sent by Dr Paul Stamper.
102 Excavation for the W. Yorkshire Archaeology Service was directed by Mr B.R.G. Turner. Mr J.D. Hedges sent information.
103 For earlier finds at the Castle see Britannia xvi (1985), 280.
104 Excavation for the West Yorkshire Archaeology Service was directed by Tony Wilmott, who sent information.
105 See Ross, P., Bradford Antiquary vi (1921), 33–64.Google Scholar
106 Work by Bradford Grammar School Archaeological Society was directed by Mr D. Haigh, who sent details. See Yorkshire Archaeological Society's Roman Antiquities Section Bulletin No. 5 (1987–8) for full report.
107 See Britannia xviii (1987), 320.
108 Work for Durham University was directed by Peter Halkon and Dr Martin Millett, who sent information and a plan.
109 Antiq. Journ. xviii (1938), 262–77; Britannia xviii (1987), 386–7; Current Archaeology No. 104 (1987), 284–5 (with plans).
110 Fieldwork for Hull City Museums was directed by D. Crowther, assisted by Messrs. Steven Willis and John Creighton, who sent information.
111 Jones, G.D.B. and Shotter, D.C., Roman Lancaster, Brigantia Monograph Series No. 1 (Manchester, 1988, £15).Google Scholar Professor Jones kindly sent a copy of this.
112 Work for the Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit was reported by Robina McNeil.
113 See note 112.
114 For references to previous work on the four successive forts, see TIR: Britannia Septentrionalis (1987), s.v.
115 Work for the Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit and the MSC was directed by G. Saunders. Information from Robina McNeil.
116 Bradford Antiquary viii (1940), 386–8.
117 See Britannia xviii (1987), 320.
118 Fieldwork as in note 106 was directed by Mr D. Haigh who sent details.
119 For this site see Britannia xvii (1986), 387.
120 For street-map of Chester see Nash-Williams, V.E., The Roman Frontier in Wales (2nd ed. by Jarrett, M.G., Cardiff 1969), 34.Google Scholar
121 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 320.
122 Excavation was directed by T.J. Strickland who sent an illustrated interim report (Grosvenor Museum Excavation Newsleiter (Autumn 1987)).
123 Excavation for the South Trafford Archaeological Group was directed by M. Neveli. Information was sent by Professor G.D.B. Jones. See also Manchesier Archaeological Bulletin No. 1, 24–29.
124 See M.D. Neveli, Manchester Archaeological Bulletin No. 2, 27–34.
125 Excavation for the South Trafford Archaeological Group was directed (i) by M. Neveli and D. Pierce, and (ii) by P. Reynolds and P. Lawson. Professor G.D.B. Jones sent information. See also CBA Group 5 Newsletter No. 56, 10–12.
126 Excavation for Manchester University was conducted by Messrs. D.C. Pierce, P.J. Reynolds and G. and C. Andrews. Professor G.D.B. Jones sent information.
127 For previous work see Britannia xii (1981), 333; xiv (1983), 299; xv (1984), 255–7 with plan, fig. 10 (attribution of the place name Bovium is suggested, loc. cit.); ibid. 341 for altar Genio loci.
128 Excavation was directed by A.C. and E. Waddelove, who sent information.
129 The fort and its interior is still little understood. For limited excavation within the SE quarter by Dr G. Webster, see Derbyshire Arch. Journ. lxxxi (1961), 85–110; and for a recent collection of reports and summary see ibid., cv (1985), 1–345. For a plan, see JRS lix (1969), 211–13; Derbys. Arch. Journ. ci (1981), 90; cv (1985), 10.
130 Observation and excavation for HBMC and the Trent and Peak Archaeological Trust was by C.J. Drage and AG. Kinsley; Mr Drage sent information.
131 Information from Andrew Burnett.
132 See Britannia xviii (1987), 322.
133 Britannia xviii (1987), 322.
134 ibid.
135 Darling, M., A Group of Late Roman Pottery from Lincoln (The Archaeology of Lincoln xvi, fase, 1, CBA 1977), 33–7Google Scholar ; Swan, V., The Pottery Kilns of Roman Britain (London, 1984)Google Scholars.v. Swanpool.
136 Excavation by the Trust for Lincolnshire Archaeology was reported by Michael J. Jones. Work on Site (i) was supervised by M. Otter and funded by the MSC; Site (ii) by P. Miles (the County Council and MSC); Site (iii) by K. Camidge (the City Council and MSC); Site (iv) by K. Camidge (HBMC and MSC); Site (v) by K. Camidge (MSC); and Site (vi) by P. Miles (Pembroke PLC and MSC).
137 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 390; xviii (1987), 322.
138 Report by J. Oetgen in the Trust for Lincolnshire Archaeology's third report, Archaeology in Lincolnshire 1986–7.
139 Hallam, S.J. in Phillips, C.W. (ed.), The Fenland in Roman Times (London, 1970), 45–7.Google Scholar
140 Reports by T. Lane and P. Hayes in op. cit. (note 138), 9–12; cf. Fenland Research No. 4 (1986–7), 20–27.
141 Excavation by the Leicestershire Archaeological Unit for HBMC and the County Council was directed by Mr P. Clay, who sent information and plans.
142 See note 148.
143 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 391; xviii (1987), 323.
144 Britannia xviii (1987), 323.
145 The samian was examined by Brenda Dickinson and the other pottery by Ruth Leary.
146 The Neronian occupation suggested last year (op. cit., note 144) can no longer be supported. The rilling of the early double ditches yielded Flavian-Trajanic material; the demolition-deposits of the third fort are late Antonine in date.
147 Excavations for HBMC, the County Council, East Staffordshire District Council and Birmingham University were directed by Dr A.S. Esmonde Cleary and Mr I.M. Ferris. Dr Esmonde Cleary sent information and illustrations.
148 Excavation for Staffordshire County Council was directed by Andrew Simpson, who sent information.
149 Information was sent by Mr A.S. Tindall.
150 Excavations for the County Council were directed (i) by Mr S. Woodiwiss, (ii) by Messrs. S. Woodiwiss and J.D. Hurst, and supervised by Mr I. Mackenzie.
151 Based on information from J.D. Hurst.
152 See note 151.
153 See map in Britannia xvii (1986), 394, fig. 17.
154 Excavations for the Warwickshire Museum and MSC were directed by Stephen Cracknell, who sent information.
155 Fieldwork for the Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society was directed by Wendy Burnett, who sent information.
156 Report by Paul Booth in Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society's Newsletter (Winter 1987–8).
157 Despite repeated requests, it has proved impossible to obtain any information from the County Archaeology Section on Sites 1–3 (which are noted from the C.B.A.'s Archaeology in Britain 1986), nor any information on work undertaken in 1987.
158 Report by Middleton, P. and Trump, D. in Fenland Research No. 4 (1986–1987), 43–6.Google Scholar
159 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 324.
160 Britannia v (1974), 434.
161 See note 159.
162 Excavation for the Nene Valley Research Committee was by J. Hadman. Dr J.P. Wild sent information and a plan.
163 Excavation for HBMC and the County Council was directed by Mrs AG. Johnston. Brian Dix sent information.
164 For this see Britannia xvii (1986), 397.
165 Excavation for HBMC was directed by Brian Dix.
166 Lysons, S., Reliquiae Britannico-Romanae ii (1818).Google Scholar
167 C.B.A. Group 9 South Midlands Archaeology No. 17 (1987), 42–3.
168 VCH Northamptonshire i (1902), 198.Google Scholar
169 For an interim plan see Britannia xii (1981), 342, fig. 10. It has not proved possible to obtain more recent information from the excavators. For an interim statement by R.M. and D.E. Friendship-Taylor see C.B.A. Group 9, South Midlands Archaeology, No. 16 (1986), 73–5, from which this note is condensed.
170 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 396–7 with plan, fig. 18.
171 Excavation for HBMC and the Amey Roadstone Corporation was directed by Mr D.S. Neal, who sent information. See also Current Archaeology No. 106 (Sept. 1987). 334–6.
172 Information from Andrew Burnett.
173 Excavation was by the landowner, Mr Pitts, and the Bedfordshire County Council's Archaeological Field Team. David Baker sent information.
174 Excavation by the Manshead Archaeological Society is reported in CBA Group 9. South Midlands Archaeology No. 16 (1986), 29–35.
175 Work by the Bedfordshire County Council's Archaeological Field Team was directed by M. Dawson. David Baker sent information.
176 Excavation for the Abingdon Archaeological Society was directed by Mr J. Wallis: see the Society's Newsletter (August 1987).
177 See Britannia xviii (1987), 324. Observation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was by R.A. Chambers: see the Unit's Newsletter xv No. 2, (June, 1987), 3.
178 Observation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was by R.A. Chambers: see the Unit's Newsletter xv. 2 (June, 1987), 4.
179 Excavation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was directed by T.G. Allen: see the Unit's Newsletter xv, 3 (Sept. 1987). 4.
180 Excavation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was directed by G. Lambrick: see the Unit's Newsletter xv, 3 (June, 1987), 5.
181 Excavation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was directed by R.A. Chambers: see the Unit's Newsletter xv. 4 (Dec. 1987), 5; xvi, 1 (March 1988), 3–4.
182 Information from Oxfordshire Sites and Monuments Record.
183 Britannia xv (1984), 302.
184 Report in C.B.A. Group 9 South Midlands Archaeology No. 17 (1987), 33.
185 Information from Andrew Burnett. See also The Times, 10 May 1988, 17.
186 op. cit. (note 184), 38.
187 Work by the Hendon and District Archaeological Society was reported by Brian Wrigley.
188 Report by Neveli, M. in Archaeology Today ix, No. 4 (April, 1988), 16–18.Google Scholar
189 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 329.
190 Excavations were directed by Professor W.H. Manning, Rosalind Niblett and C. Saunders. Professor Manning sent information.
191 Excavation on sites (iii) and (iv) was directed by Rosalind Niblett, who sent information. For hypothesis concerning the Baths, see Frere, S.S., Verulamium Excavations ii (1983), 10–12.Google Scholar
192 Observation for the Norfolk Archaeological Unit was by Peter Dawson. Information from Tony Gregory.
193 Information from Tony Gregory.
194 Information from Tony Gregory.
195 Information from Andrew Burnett.
196 Britannia xvii (1986), 403: Coin Hoards of Roman Britain iv and vi.
197 Fieldwork by Paul Durbridge for the Lowestoft Archaeological Society and Norfolk Archaeological Unit was reported by Tony Gregory.
198 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 333.
199 For this see East Anglian Archaeology v (1987), 97–224.
200 Excavation for the Norfolk Archaeological Unit was reported by Tony Gregory.
201 Information from Andrew Burnett and Tony Gregory.
202 Report with map by Sylvester, R.J. in Fenland Research No. 4 (1986–1987), 6.Google Scholar
203 Information on sites in Suffolk was sent by Stanley West. Work on Sites 1, 2 and 5 was by Judith Plouviez for the County Council.
204 Fieldwalking was by Adrian Thorpe.
205 Discoveries at Sites 4 and 6 were reported by the Ipswich Metal Detector Club.
206 Information on sites in Essex was kindly provided by Miss D. Priddy except where otherwise stated.
207 Excavation by MissPriddy, D. is reported in Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–1985), 111–13.Google Scholar
208 Britannia ix (1978), 449.
209 By Dr A.J. Clarke.
210 Excavation for Essex County Council was directed by D. Rudling.
211 Essex Archaeology and History xvii (1986), 158.
212 Sites (i) and (vi) were supervised for the Braintree District Council by J.C. Bakewell; Site (ii) for the same by M.D. Smoothy. Sites (iii), (iv) and (v) were supervised by J.H. Hope for the Brain Valley Archaeological Society. For Sites (iv) – (vi) see op. cit. (note 211), 158.
213 See VCH Essex iii (1963), 67; Rodwell, W. and Rowley, T., Small Towns of Roman Britain (BAR No. 15, 1975), plan, p. 171.Google Scholar Excavation in 1985 recorded buttresses later added to the E wall: Essex History and Archaeology xvii (1986), 159.
214 Excavation for Essex County Council was directed by (i) Messrs. M. Adams and P. Allen; (ii) P. Allen; (iii) S. Wallis.
215 See Britannia xvi (1985), 295.
216 Excavation for Essex County Council was directed by R. Flook.
217 See Essex Archaeology and History xvii (1986), 159.
218 For this gate cf. Hull, M.R., Roman Colchester (Oxford, 1958), 59Google Scholar and pl. XLI for location.
219 For excavation here see Britannia xvii (1986), 405–7.
220 Excavations for the Colchester Archaeological Trust were directed by Philip Crummy, who sent information.
221 For a plan of the temple see Britannia x (1979), 310, fig. 9.
222 Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–5), 127–8. See also ibid xvii (1986), 160.
223 Excavation was by T.E. Miller.
224 Essex Archaeology and History xvii (1986), 161. For a full discussion of the late Roman bronze buckle-plate decorated with an engraved peacock pecking fruit from a small tree (France, N.E. and Gobel, B.M., The Romano-British Temple at Harlow (Gloucester, 1985)Google Scholar , fig. 46, No. 119), see Bartlett, R., Essex Archaeology and History, xviii (1987), 115–20.Google Scholar
225 Report by Wickenden, N. and Going, C. in Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–1985), 136.Google Scholar For previous discoveries here see Drury, P.J., Excavations at Little Waltham 1970–71 (CBA Research Rept. No. 39, 1978), 44–7.Google Scholar
226 Excavation for Essex County and Braintree District Councils was directed by Messrs. M.D. Smoothy and B. Milton.
227 Essex Archaeology and History xvii (1986), 144. For previous work see Britannia xiii (1982), 373.
228 Excavations for Essex County Council were directed by H. Brooks.
229 Information from Andrew Burnett.
230 For previous work, recorded under Stanstead, see Britannia xviii (1987), 333.
231 Excavation for Essex County Council was directed by H. Brooks. Miss D. Priddy sent the plan.
232 Essex Archaeology and History xvii (1986), 163.
233 Report by Adkins, P. in Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–1985), 135.Google Scholar
234 Notes by Greenwood, Pam and Stone, M. in Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–1985), 135–6.Google Scholar
235 VCH Essex iii (1963), 198.
236 Report by Clark, F. in Essex Archaeology and History xvi (1984–1985), 132.Google Scholar
237 Excavations in the City were by the Department of Urban Archaeology, Museum of London, under the direction of Messrs. B. Hobley, J. Maloney and S. O'Connor Thompson. Mr J. Schofield sent information and illustrations.
238 For the plan of the fort see Grimes, W.F., The Excavation of Roman and Medieval London (London. 1968), 28Google Scholar , fig. 4.
239 Britannia xviii (1987), 335, Site iii.
240 Excavation for the Department of Greater London Archaeology, Museum of London, was directed by S. Tucker. Gavin Evans sent information.
241 Britannia xiii (1982), 373.
242 Supervisors were as follows: Sites (i) and (ii), G. Brown; (iii) N. Bateman; (iv) A. Stephenson; (v) A.B. Thomas; (vi) M. Shea; (vii) M. Burch and P. Rowsome; (viii) E. Shepherd and A. Westman; (ix) D. Power; (x) P. Rowsome; (xi) M. Nally; (xii) J. Drummond-Murray; (xiii) O. Beazley; (xiv) B. Pye; (xv) H. White; (xvii) P. Askew and D. Lees; (xviii) R. Brown.
243 Excavations for the Department of Greater London Archaeology, Musuem of London, was directed by K. Whittaker. Gavin Evans sent information.
244 For references to previous work see Britannia xviii (1986), 337.
245 Excavation for the Department of Greater London Archaeology was directed by L. and R. Adkins. Information was sent by Gavin Evans.
246 Excavations for the Department of Greater London Archaeology, Museum of London, were directed (i) by J. Dillon, (ii) by R. Flook and D. Seeley. Information was sent by Gavin Evans.
247 Fieldwork by Mr K.E. Jermy, who sent information. See also Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 46.
248 Information was sent by Bryan Walters. The altar is in the Dean Heritage Museum, Soudley.
249 For this villa see RCHM, The Gloucestershire Cotswolds (1976), 14–15Google Scholar ; Britannia xvi (1985), 298.
250 Observations and limited work were undertaken by L. and B. Bishop: see Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 42–5; Elizabeth Bishop sent information.
251 Information from Bryan Walters. See also Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 50.
252 Britannia xviii (1987), 337, 339.
253 Excavation and conservation for the National Trust were directed by R. Goodburn, who sent information.
254 Observation on behalf of HBMC and the Crickley Hill Trust-Corinium Museum Project was by Mr D. Wilkinson, who sent information and drawings. The archive is stored in the Corinium Museum.
255 Information was sent by Bryan Walters.
256 Information from Bryan Walters. See also Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 50.
257 Report with list by M. and B. Walters in The New Regard (Forest of Dean Local History Society) No. 3 (1987), 82–4. For the site, see Britannia xvi (1985), 299–300 (plan); xvii (1986), 410.
258 By Walters, Bryan, Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 50Google Scholar ; for full report see The New Regard (Forest of Dean Local History Society) No. 3 (1987), 50–3.
259 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 412; xviii (1987), 339.
260 Excavation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was directed by Simon Palmer: see the Unit's Newsletter xv, 3 (Sept. 1987), 3–4.
261 For this see Britannia xviii (1987), 340, fig. 18 (plan).
262 Excavation was directed by Mr E.G. Price who sent information and the plan.
263 Observations and excavations for Gloucester City Museum Excavation Unit were by (i) M. Atkin and R. Dunn; (ii-iii) A.P. Garrod; (iv) J. Smith. Mr M.J. Watkins sent information.
264 For previous finds here see Britannia xv (1984), 315.
265 Excavation for Gloucester City Museum Excavation Unit and HBMC were directed (i) by M. Atkin and (ii) by A.P. Garrod. Mr M.J. Watkins sent information.
266 Information was sent by Bryan Walters.
267 Original excavation by Dr C. Scott-Garrett. Report and plan by M. Fitchett, from surviving notes, in The New Regard (Forest of Dean Local History Society) No. 2 (1986), 24–7.
268 By Messrs. J. Smith and R. Poole. Mr M.J. Watkins sent information.
269 Report by Walters, B. in The New Regard (Forest of Dean Local History Society), i (1985), 29.Google Scholar
270 Report by Wills, Jan, Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 38–9.Google Scholar
271 Report by Miles, D. and Palmer, S. in Glevensis No. 21 (1987), 49.Google Scholar
272 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 341.
273 Excavation for Keele University was directed by David Wilson, who sent information and an illustrated interim report.
274 Except where otherwise stated, information on sites in Avon was compiled and sent by Dr A.J. Parker from material collected for the County Sites and Monuments Record by R.D. Iles.
275 For previous finds see Britannia xvii (1986), 414.
276 See Haverfield, F., VCH Somerset i (1906), plan facing p. 244Google Scholar ; Cunliffe, B.W., Roman Bath (Oxford. 1969)Google Scholar , fig. 26.
277 For an inscribed altar and sculpture associated with Aesculapius, found here in 1809 and 1885, see Cunliffe op. cit. (note 276), 68–9.
278 For previous work see Britannia xvii (1986), 415; xviii (1987), 342.
279 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 342, where the map-reference was incorrectly given.
280 Excavations for the Bath Archaeological Trust were directed by Peter Davenport, who sent information.
281 Work for the University of Bristol Archaeological Society was directed by A.J. Parker.
282 See Russett, V., Marshfield, an archaeological survey … (1985), 28–30.Google Scholar
283 Excavation for Bristol University was directed by A.J. Parker.
284 Excavation for Woodspring Museum was directed by A.P. Fitzpatrick and V.M. Pirie.
285 Excavations for Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit were directed (i) by J. Casey and P. Leach; (ii) by P. Leach, who sent information.
286 For this identification see Proc. Devon Arch. Soc. xlii (1984), 52.
287 Excavation by Exeter Museums Archeological Field Unit for HBMC and the County Council was directed by Mr N. Holbrook, who sent information.
288 Excavation by Exeter Museums Archaeological Field Unit for HBMC and MSC was supervised by Messrs. S.J. Simpson and T. Pearson. Mr C.G. Henderson sent information.
289 Aerial photography for Devon County Council and HBMC was by Frances Griffith who directed the excavation and sent information.
290 cf. Britannia xviii (1987), 343.
291 Fox, A., Roman Exeter (Manchester, 1952), 47Google Scholar and pl. xxiv.
292 idem.
293 Britannia v (1974), 452; vi (1975), 276; x (1979), 326.
294 See Exeter Archaeology 1985–6 (Exeter Museums).
295 Excavation for Exeter City Council and MSC was directed by Mr C.G. Henderson, who sent information and plans. Site (i) was supervised by M. Knight and J. Dunkley, and Site (ii) by M. Hall and P. Jeffery.
296 For previous work see Britannia viii (1977), 107–48; x (1979), 326; Proc. Devon Arch. Soc. xxxix (1981), 37–87.
297 For the ‘timber buildings’, see Britannia viii (1977), figs. 3 and 6.
298 Excavation by Exeter Museums Archaeological Field Unit for the County Council and E. Devon District Council was directed by Mr N. Holbrook, who sent information.
299 Excavation for the Universtiy of Exeter was directed by Professor M. Todd, who sent information.
300 See RCHM Dorset ii part 3 (London, 1970), 624Google Scholar and map on p. 494; Wheeler, R.E.M., Maiden Castle (Oxford, 1943), 14Google Scholar and pl. LXX.
301 Excavation for the Trust for Wessex Archaeology and HBMC was directed by P. Chowne: see the Trust's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
302 Britannia xviii (1987), 345 and fig. 21.
303 Excavation was directed by Messrs. N.H. Field, J. Collins and A. Light. Mr Field sent information.
304 For this see Britannia xvi (1985), 306; xvii (1986), 417.
305 Report by P.J. Woodward in the Trust for Wessex Archaeology's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
306 There seem to have been three ditches on the S side: see RCHM Dorset ii part 3 (London, 1970), 548Google Scholar with section.
307 Excavation for the Trust for Wessex Archaeology was supervised by C.N. Thompson. Report by Susan Davies in op. cit. (note 305).
308 Report by P.J. Woodward in ibid.
309 Report by Susan Davies in ibid.
310 Work for the Wessex Archaeological Trust was directed by Mr P.W. Cox, who sent information and a plan.
311 Britannia xvi (1985), 308.
312 Excavation for Poole Museums Service was directed by Mr D. Watkins. Mr K. Jarvis sent information.
313 Fieldwork was by Norman Field, who sent information. The section at (iii) was cut for the Trust for Wessex Archaeology by Peter Cox: see the Trust's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
314 Excavation by Alan Graham is reported in ibid.
315 Report by P. Chowne in ibid.
316 Information from Andrew Burnett.
317 Report by A.H. Graham in the Trust for Wessex Archaeology's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
318 Excavation for the County Council is noted in CBA Group 12 Newsletter (October, 1987), 16.
319 Information from Andrew Burnett.
320 Britannia xviii (1987), 347.
321 Report by Susan Davies in the Trust for Wessex Archaeology's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
322 Information from Andrew Burnett.
323 Information from Andrew Burnett.
324 For previous work see Britannia xvi (1985), 308; xviii (1987) 347–8.
325 Excavation for King Alfred's College was directed by Anthony King and Alan French. See CBA Group 12 Newsletter (October 1987), 16. Mr King sent the photograph.
326 See note 321.
327 Excavation by A.D. Rüssel noted in op. cit. (note 318), 17.
328 Information from Andrew Burnett.
329 See Fulford, M., Silchester Defences 1974–80 (London, 1984), 279–80Google Scholar with fig. 79 and pl. XXXVIII.
330 Excavation was by Professor Fulford, who sent information.
331 Information from Andrew Burnett.
332 Information on sites in the Island was sent by Dr David Tomalin unless otherwise indicated. A catalogue of Roman artefacts from the Island (D.J. Tomalin, Roman Wight: a guide catalogue, 1987) has been published by the County Council (£4.25).
333 Report by Mark Tosdevin in CBA Group 12 Newsletter (October, 1987), 19.
334 Report sent by David Tomalin.
335 JBAA xxii (1866), 351–68.
336 Identified by Dr David Williams.
337 Information from Andrew Burnett.
338 Excavation by Christine Farwell and Sue Lobb is reported in the Trust for Wessex Archaeology's Project Summary Reports 1987–8.
339 For previous excavation see Britannia xviii (1987), 351.
340 Excavation for the Oxford Archaeological Unit was directed by John Moore and Gerry Wait. See the Unit's Newsletter xv, June and September 1987.
341 C.B.A. Group 12 Newsletter (Oct. 1987), 11 (with fig.).
342 Excavation by G.H. Cole noted in Surrey Archaeological Society's Bulletin No. 223 (1987), 4.
343 By P. Jones and R. Poulton for the County Council. Information was sent by Dr D.G. Bird.
344 For earlier work see Britannia xiii (1982), 135–95 with plans: xvii (1986), 421–3; xviii (1987), 351–3.
345 Excavation was directed by Mr F.G. Aldsworth, who sent information and a plan.
346 Fieldwork was by Dr S. White and David Rudling, who sent information.
347 JRS 1 (1960), 234: Down, A., Chichester Excavations ii (Chichester 1974), 99, 155–8.Google Scholar
348 Britannia xvii (1986), 423.
349 Margary, I.D., Roman Ways in the Weald (1965), 278.Google Scholar
350 Down, A. and Rule, M., Chichester Excavations i (Chichester, 1971), 165–71.Google Scholar
351 Excavations for Chichester District Archaeological Unit were directed (Sites i-iv) by J. Magilton. assisted at (ii) by J. Wildman and at (iii) by R. Browse. Site (v) was directed by Sue Woodward. Illustrated summaries appear in The Archaeology of Chichester and District 1987, which was sent by Alec Down.
352 For the position, see Cunliffe, B.W., Excavations at Fishboume, 1961–69 (Leeds, 1971)Google Scholar fig. 25, left-hand house, no longer divided between two premises.
353 ibid., fig. 20.
354 cf. ibid., p. 132.
355 Excavation was supervised by J. Kenny under the direction of David Rudkin, who sent information.
356 For previous work see Britannia xv (1984), 328–9.
357 Excavation by the London Institute of Archaeology's Field Archaeology Unit for the County Council was directed by David Rudling, who sent information and the photograph.
358 Excavation by the London Institute of Archaeology's Field Archaeology Unit was directed by David Rudling, who sent information.
359 Sussex Arch. Colls, li (1908), 51; JRS lxxii (1982), 61 fig. 8.
360 Work for the Central Excavation Unit of HBMC was reported by Mr P.R. Wilson.
361 Britannia xviii (1987), 353 and pl. XXVII A.
362 Excavation for the County Council by the London Institute of Archaeology's Field Archaeology Unit was directed by David Rudling, who sent information.
363 Britannia xviii (1987), 354.
364 For the excavation of this in 1970 see The Archaeology of Canterbury ii (1982), 48.
365 Britannia xviii (1987), 356 and fig. 27.
366 See note 363.
367 Britannia xviii (1987), 356.
368 For the lower limbs of one of these inhumations, found in the adjoining cellar of No. 8 with two other burials, see Arch. Cant, xciv (1978), 149–52.
369 Work by the Canterbury Archaeology Trust is reported in Canterbury's Archaeology 1986–7. Site (ii) was partly funded by HBMC, the rest by respective developers. Messrs. P. Bennett and P. Blockley sent information.
370 Note by P. Bennett and P. Blockley in Canterbury's Archaeology 1986–7, 22.
371 Observation by the Dover Archaeological Group was reported by Keith Parfitt.
372 Chapman, H.S., The Story of Dola (London, 1921), 124.Google Scholar
373 Work by the Dover Archaeological Group was reported by Keith Parfitt.
374 For previous work see Britannia xviii (1987), 359.
375 Britannia xvi (1985), 315; xvii (1986), 427.
376 See note 373.
377 Britannia xvii (1986), 427; xviii (1987), 359.
378 See note 373.
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