² Information from the director of excavations, Mr. A. D. Me Whirr.

³ Possibly the complete text. The combination of deities is difficult to parallel, though CIL xiii 6729 has been restored as Mercur]io et Matribus.

⁴ Found by Mr. H. Beard, in whose possession it remains, and submitted through Mr. P. F. Aston to Mr. J. F. Rhodes, of Gloucester City Museum, who provided facilities for inspection.

⁵ Side (a) 1.2 possibly part of the verb laqueo, ‘snare’, ‘entangle’, though this is not matched in A. Audollent, Defixionum Tabellae.

⁶ Excavations directed by the late Mr. S. Eglington-Mead for Harlow Museum and the Department of the Environment. The tablet was submitted by Miss K. Davidson, Archaeology Officer of Harlow Museum, where it now is.

⁷ For the site see Britannia ii (1971), 272 f. and for parts of three gilt bronze letters and graffiti, Ibid. 289, No. 4 and 295, Nos. 41 and 44. See also Dr. Conlon, R. F. B., “Holbrook's—An Iron Age and Romano-British Settlement,” in Essex Journal viii, No. 2 (1973), 30 f., especially 34.Google Scholar

⁸ The text contains a number of errors, the omission or duplication of letters, mispellings and grammatical mistakes, for example Dio for Deo (a) l.1, Timotneo for Timotheo (a) l.5, aliam for alium (b) l.3, Mercurius for Mercurie (b) l.3.

In (a) l.1 the reading DIOM is uncertain owing to damage and to what is probably a correction, compare (b) l.2 where an o has been corrected to a D. If the reading is correct, the letters could stand for D(eo) I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo). This dedication occurs unabbreviated on the defixio from Ratcliffe-on-Soar (JRS liii (1963), 122) but is otherwise unattested on curse tablets and is probably to be excluded by the mention of Mercurius in (b) l.2.

In (b) l.4 NAVIN, perhaps the personal name Navinius, listed by W. Schulze Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen, but an initial H may be intended (compare Timotneo (a) l.5). Ll.7, 8 perhaps sang[u(ine) suo on the analogy of (a) ll.5, 6.

⁹ Mr. H. J. M. Green supplied a cast, photographs and details. He excavated for the Cambridge Antiquarian Society with a grant from the Department of the Environment (AEx 1971, 19). At the beginning of l.3 there is no trace of a broken A or o; the missing vowel was probably 1. The deity Abandinus seems to be unmatched. C1L xii 6034 has deus Abianius, and ILS 4664 deus Abinius. On the feathers there is no perforation for suspension where the apex has survived, and no trace of solder on the reverse.

¹⁰ Details supplied by Mr. J. Hinchliffe, who excavated for the Department of the Environment. Now in the Yorkshire Museum, York, where Miss E. Blank provided a squeeze; drawn by R.P.W. Prosopogr. Imp. Rom. 2nd ed. lists seven persons with the nomen Crepereius.

¹¹ Mr. A. D. Phillips made it available from the material stored from the excavations at York Minster. The provisional interpretation is that it came from a barrack-block.

¹² Dr. Valerie Maxfield and Mr. A. Reed made it and two tile-fragments, No. 18, available for drawing and supplied details.

¹³ Found in the work of consolidation by the Department of the Environment. Mr. C. Anderson sent details and photographs of this item and No. 9 (below). The left half of the face has been dressed down to carry the text. For the same centurion see RIB 1572 and 1668; neither of these cites the cohort.

¹⁴ For details see No. 8 (above). For the same centurion see RIB 1473 and 1501.

¹⁵ For the Vindolanda Trustees Mr. R. E. Birley made this item and Nos. 11, and 12 available, and provided photographs.

¹⁶ For details of discovery see No. 10 (above).

¹⁷ For details of discovery see No. 10 (above). A hard accretion obscures some of the letters in the centre.

¹⁸ Information from Mr. C. J. S. Green, director of excavations for the Department of the Environment and Derby Corporation, who submitted the object for inspection.

¹⁹ Information and drawings of this and Nos. 15 and 16 (below) from Mr. B. J. O'Connor, who directed excavations for the Dorchester Excavation Committee.

²⁰ See note 19.

²¹ It seems impossible to read either V]ita. or V]ito[lis.

²² Information and photograph provided by the director of the excavations, Mr. C. J. S. Green.

²³ e.g. blundered forms of i(n) n(omine) D(omi)ni or n(omin)e D(omi)ni. Fornumerous general parallels to all three see E. Diehl, Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres, index vii s.v. Dominus.

²⁴ For details of finding see note 12 (above), (a) There are no stops; the G is undershot. It matches the imbrex JRS lvii (1967) 208, No. 30(a). (b) This matches the imbrex JRS lviii (1968) 211 No. 45(b).

²⁵ Information from Mr. S. G. P. Weller, who supplied a drawing and a rubbing.

²⁶ Mr. P. Crummy, director of excavations for the Colchester Excavation Committee, provided facilities for inspection. Mr. D. S. Neal, of the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate of the Department of the Environment, supplied measured drawings and a photograph of his reconstruction.

²⁷ If the inscription occupied all the space available in this panel, just over half the line is missing.

²⁸ If the inscription filled the full width of the panel, the surviving fragment occupied the third quarter of the line.

²⁹ Excavations directed by Major J. G. S. Brinson. For the site see JRS xxxix (1949), 105. Information and drawing sent by Mr. W. J. Rodwell. The sherd is in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge.

³⁰ Information and drawing from the excavator, Dr. G. Webster.

³¹ It may have continued on the other side of the opening, cf. JRS xxx (1940) 187, No. 20, where the numbe r of tubuli made is given, and EE ix 1292(b) (Silchester) the maker's name.

³² Mr. A. G. Rook directed the excavations by the Lockleys Archaeological Society and sent (to R.P.W.) details, photographs and rubbings of this item and Nos. 24 and 25 (below). The initial letter re-mains uncertain. It may be C, D, L, R or T, for there are Celtic names formed from examples of the stem -itu- with these initial letters.

³³ For details of the discovery see No. 23 (above).

³⁴ For details of the discovery see No. 23 (above).

³⁵ Mr. B. J. Philp, on behalf of the Council for Kentish Archaeology and the Department of the Environment, sent the tile for study.

³⁶ L.1 is deeply cut in capitals while La in cursive script is more shallow and shows more skill. It seems likely that it was a different person who added this admission. The word tubulos is restored because its gender is correct and hollow box-tiles would be more liable to damage than other products. Fora tilemaker's record with a comparable number of box-tiles, including the D with medial bar for 500, see JRS xxx (1940) 187 No. 20 (Wiggonholt, Sussex) and Winbolt, Sussex Arch. Coll. lxxxi (1940) 66 with fig. Quassiavi provides an actual example of a variant of quassavi hitherto only deduced from the Romance derivatives, see Meyer-Liibke, Romanisches etymologisches Wo'rterbuch (3rd ed. 1935) 6940. In l.2 the pair of letters s is cut reversed. The space below 1.2 has been filled up mainly with versions of the letter s. R.P.W.

³⁷ Submitted by Mr. S. A. Castle, who directed excavation for the Brockley Hill Excavation and Field-work Group. Material included an unworn sestertius of Vespasian, A.D. 71, and waste pottery datable to c. A.D. 65–100.

³⁸ For the Vindolanda Trustees Mr. R. E. Birley made this item and No. 29 available, and provided a photograph of the sandal.

³⁹ For details of discovery see No. 2 8 (above).

⁴⁰ For the site see the report of the excavators A. C. C. Brodribb, A. R. Hands and D. R. Walker, Excavations at Shakenoak Farm, near Wilcote, Oxfordshire. Part IV: Site C (1973). For the syrinx op. cit. 44 ff. and fig. 23. Dr. A. R. Hands made this item available for inspection.

⁴¹ Dr. M. Henig supplied a photograph. Examined in 1953 by R.P.W.

⁴² Information and photograph from the excavator, Mr. G. Brodribb, who provided facilities for inspection.

⁴³ The teeth are set slightly closer together than might be expected for use on the combed sides of a box flue-tile.

⁴⁴ Brodribb, G., ‘Stamped tiles of the Classis Britannica’, Sussex Arch. Coll. cvii (1969), 102–125, type 1.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Information and photograph from the excavator, Mr. G. Brodribb, who provided the object for inspection.

⁴⁶ Information from Prof. S. S. Frere and Mr. J. H. Money who supplied rubbings and a photograph. Excavations directed by Mr. J. H. Money and Mr. C. F. Tebbutt.

⁴⁷ For the site see Sussex Arch. Coll. cviii (1970), 39–49.

⁴⁸ If interpreted as running from left to right it reads: TRO. or TSO with the s reversed.

⁴⁹ Information and drawings from Dr. G. Webster. See JRS lvi (1966), 223, Nos. 31 and 33 for other graffiti on tegulae found in the same part of the site.

⁵⁰ AEx 1971, 22. Mrs. K. F. Hartley submitted the die, now in Birmingham City Museum. She directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment.

⁵¹ The cameo, a surface find made by Miss J. Carter, was presented by her to the Ashmolean Museum (accession no. 1972.2079). Information from Dr. M. Henig, who discusses the cameo fully in Antiq. Journ. liii (1973) forthcoming. For the site see VCH Wilts i (1957), 92.

⁵² Dr. I. M. Stead and Mr. A. L. Pacitto directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment. Miss S. A. Butcher provided details and the measured drawing and made the item available. For the site see Scarborough and District Arch. Soc. Trans, ii pt. 9 (1966), 43 and for the excavation ibid. pt. 13 (1970), 53, Britannia i (1970), 277 fig. 5.

⁵³ To the left of GITR the field is raised, as if part of a vertical division had survived. It does not seem to be the precise impression of a vertical letter like I or the foot of an A. For Tarraconensis described as prov. Hisp. citer(ioris) see CIL ii 4222, 4235; there are several instances of p. H. c. Place-names from the western part of Hadrian's Wall occur on the well-known cups of similar type, CIL vii 1291 (Rudge, Wilts) and Heurgon, JRS xli (1951), 22 (Amiens).

⁵⁴ Dr. D. J. Breeze directed to excavation for the Department of the Environment and sent for study this item and No. 41 (below) and a photograph and rubbings of No. 40 (below). For the excavation see Britannia iii (1972), 304.

⁵⁵ For details of the discovery see No. 39 (above). This material was dumped probably when the fortlet was abandoned c. A.D. 158. For VIN(VM) on an amphora-handle see Curie, Newstead, 268, pl. LII No. 18.

⁵⁶ For details of the discovery and probable date of its deposit see No. 39 (above).

⁵⁷ Mr. E. Greenfield directed the excavations for what was then the Ministry of Public Building and Works; he supplied details and Mrs. O. Wylie made the stone accessible for study. The stone was iound face downwards on the turf at a point 8 m north-east of the north-east point of Room 15a (the rectangular room underlying the octagon) and 7·5 m west of the north-west angle of Room 34 (see plan of site Britannia i (1970), 294 fig. 9).

⁵⁸ By the finder, Mr. M. J. Campen.

⁵⁹ Miss Dudding is the daughter of the original owner, H. Dudding.

⁶⁰ By Mr. D. J. Robinson and Mr. P. Alebon, of the Grosvenor Museum, in working on a scale-drawing and its interpretation. If their identification of RIB 462 with the new slab is correct, it means that good fortune may well produce further fragments of this elaborate inscription from different parts of Chester in the future. See Petch, , Chester ASJ lvii (1970-1971), 21Google Scholar and Robinson 24, fig. 7 pls. vib, VII (with RIB 462 included).

⁶¹ Cormack, E. A., Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot, ci (1968-1969), 290Google Scholar ‘Three stones from Ingliston’. He examined the area at Ingliston and explained that Sibbald had secured not merely one, but two, portions of a pillar in the neighbourhood of the Round Cairn at Newbridge (NT 123726). Dr. Joanna Close-Brooks, Assistant Keeper of the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh, was then able to prove that the rounded pillar with a wreath on it (FV 30), then stored in the basement, was not, as the 1892 Catalogue said, from ‘locality unknown’ but the upper portion of Sibbald's milestone from Ingliston.

Dr. Close-Brooks and Mr. G. S. Maxwell made a plaster cast of the lower part of the rediscovered portion and showed that, with due allowance for weathering and damage, the broken ends matched convincingly. After the Romans had prepared the rounded pillar, its curvature was flattened by cutting away the field from top to bottom to leave in relief at the top a circular wreath with two splayed fillets and below it an ansate frame for the text. At the foot of the upper fragment two horizontal lines were found to mark the upper margin of this frame, and the top part of the two side margins corresponded with the frame which flanks the inscription.

⁶² Mr. G. S. Maxwell gave a preliminary report on the new discovery at a meeting of the Roman Northern Frontier Seminar held on 2 December 1972 in Glasgow, and is publishing a full discussion in Proc. Soc. Ant. Scotland, and has kindly allowed his material to be summarised here.

⁶³ Professor E. Birley (to R.P.W., 11 April 1962) suggested this restoration, while leaving open the amount of abbreviation. Mr. G. S. Maxwell has proposed a similar formula. The best analogy seems to be the milestone from near Bar Hill (RIB 2312). To fit the space it seems best to insert a small R inside the D of HADR, as restored on RIB 2170, and to ligature a small O to the stem of T in ANTO-, to match the IO ligatured in PIO. An alternative would be to restore IMP·C·T·AEL|HADRI·ANTO with analogies for the abbreviations in l.1 on RIB 2198, 2199, 2206, and 2208, but the comparable milestone RIB 2312 uses CAES.

A vertical gash has removed any trace of the first of the three digits conjectured after COS; but the superscript bar above the two extant digits has a serif at the right end but no trace of one at what is now its left end, as if it had once continued further to the left to override a third digit.

⁶⁴ E. Birley (to R. G. Collingwood, 21 May 1935) suggested that there is room for a governor between Q. Lollius Urbicus and Cn. Papirius Aelianus (now Nos. 24 and 25 in A. R. Birley's ‘The Roman Governors of Britain’, Epigr. Studien iv (1967), 71).

⁶⁵ Sir Robert Sibbald, Historical Inquiries, 41. Dr. Cormack, loc. cit., has traced a third stone of post-Roman date recorded, but not seen, by Sibbald and emphasises that Sibbald's details about the origin of the two portions of the milestone may equally be regarded as accurate. It would have been natural for them to have been stored first at the neighbouring mansion, Ingliston House, from which they were removed to his garden in Edinburgh. He gave them to ‘the College of Edinburgh’, that is the University, and in 1872 the Director of what is now the Royal Scottish Museum presented them to the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh (Archer, PSAS ix (1870-2), 464).