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A Review of Lifetime Risk Factors for Mortality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2011

D. Kuh ,
R. Hardy ,
M. Hotopf ,
D. A. Lawlor ,
B. Maughan ,
R. Westendorp ,
R. Cooper ,
S. Black  and
G. D. Mishra
D. Kuh
Affiliation:
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B5JU, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 207670-5700; E-mail: d.kuh@nshd.mrc.ac.uk
R. Hardy
Affiliation:
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B5JU, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 207670-5700; E-mail: r.hardy@nshd.mrc.ac.uk
M. Hotopf
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RJ, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 207 848 0778; E-mail: matthew.hotopf@kcl.ac.uk
D. A. Lawlor
Affiliation:
MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 1173310096; E-mail: D.A.Lawlor@bristol.ac.uk
B. Maughan
Affiliation:
MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. U.K. E-mail: barbara.maughan@kcl.ac.uk
R. Westendorp
Affiliation:
Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics; P.O. Box 9600 - Postzone C2-R2300, RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Tel: +31(0)71 526-6640; E-mail: R.G.J.Westendorp@lumc.nl
R. Cooper
Affiliation:
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B5JU, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 207670-5700; E-mail: r.cooper@nshd.mrc.ac.uk
S. Black
Affiliation:
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B5JU, U.K. Tel: +44 (0) 207670-5700; E-mail: s.black@nshd.mrc.ac.uk
G. D. Mishra
Affiliation:
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B5JU, Tel: +44 (0) 207670-5700; E-mail: g.mishra@nshd.mrc.ac.uk
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Abstract

This review was undertaken for the Faculty and Institute of Actuaries as part of their programme to encourage research collaborations between health researchers and actuaries in order to understand better the factors influencing mortality and longevity. The authors presented their findings in a number of linked sessions at the Edinburgh conference (Joining Forces on Mortality and Longevity) in October 2009 and contributed to this overview. The purpose is to review evidence for the impact on adult mortality of characteristics of the individual's lifetime socioeconomic or psychosocial environment or phenotype at the behavioural; multi-system (e.g. cognitive and physical function); or body system level (e.g. vascular and metabolic traits) that may be common risk factors for a number of major causes of death. This review shows there is growing evidence from large studies and systematic reviews that these individual characteristics, measured in pre-adult as well as the adult life, are associated with later mortality risk. The relative contribution of lifetime environment, genetic factors and chance, whether these contributions change with age, and the underlying social and biological pathways are still to be clarified. This review identifies areas where further life course research is warranted.

Keywords

MortalityLife CourseSocioeconomic EnvironmentPsychosocial EnvironmentIndividual Temperament and BehaviourLifestylesDietary PatternsBody SizeVascular and Metabolic traitsPhysical FunctionCognitive functionGenetic Predisposition
Type
Sessional meetings: papers and abstracts of discussions
Information
British Actuarial Journal , Volume 15 , Issue S1 , 2009 , pp. 17 - 64
Copyright
Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2009

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