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Effect of breakfast fat content on glucose tolerance and risk factors of atherosclerosis and thrombosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

David L. Frape ,
Norman R. Williams ,
Jayshri Rajput-Williams ,
B. W. Maitland ,
A. J. Scriven ,
Christopher R. Palmer  and
Reginald J. Fletcher
David L. Frape*
Affiliation:
N. S. Research, The Priory, Mildenhall, Suffolk IP28 7EE, UK
Norman R. Williams
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
Jayshri Rajput-Williams
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
B. W. Maitland
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
A. J. Scriven
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK
Christopher R. Palmer
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
Reginald J. Fletcher
Affiliation:
The Kellogg Company of Great Britain Ltd., The Kellogg Building, Talbot Road, Manchester M16 0PU, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr D. L. Frape, fax +44 (0)1638 711120.
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Abstract

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Twenty-four middle-aged healthy men were given a low-fat high-carbohydrate (5.5 g fat; L), or a moderately-fatty, (25.7 g fat; M) breakfast of similar energy contents for 28 d. Other meals were under less control. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given at 09.00 hours on day 1 before treatment allocation and at 13.30 hours on day 29. There were no significant treatment differences in fasting serum values, either on day 1 or at the termination of treatments on day 29. The following was observed on day 29: (1) the M breakfast led to higher OGTT C-peptide responses and higher areas under the curves (AUC) of OGTT serum glucose and insulin responses compared with the OGTT responses to the L breakfast (P < 0.05); (2) treatment M failed to prevent OGTT glycosuria, eliminated with treatment L; (3) serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC was 59% lower with treatment L than with treatment M, between 09.00 and 13.20 hours (P <0.0001), and lower with treatment L than with treatment M during the OGTT (P = 0.005); (4) serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were similar for both treatments, especially during the morning, but their origins were different during the afternoon OGTT when the Svedberg flotation unit 20–400 lipid fraction was higher with treatment L than with treatment M (P = 0.016); plasma apolipoprotein B-48 level with treatment M was not significantly greater than that with treatment L (P = 0.086); (5) plasma tissue plasminogen-activator activity increased after breakfast with treatment L (P = 0.0008), but not with treatment M (P = 0.80). Waist:hip circumference was positively correlated with serum insulin and glucose AUC and with fasting LDL-cholesterol. Waist:hip circumference and serum TAG and insulin AUC were correlated with factors of thrombus formation; and the OGTT NEFA and glucose AUC were correlated. A small difference in fat intake at breakfast has a large influence on circulating diurnal NEFA concentration, which it is concluded influences adversely glucose tolerance up to 6 h later.

Keywords

Dietary fatCarbohydrate toleranceInsulin
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 80 , Issue 4 , October 1998 , pp. 323 - 331
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

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