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Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in measuring body fat in 6-to-12-year-old boys compared with air displacement plethysmography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2022

Ryan Mahaffey Open the ORCID record for Ryan Mahaffey [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicola Brown ,
Mary Cramp ,
Stewart C. Morrison  and
Wendy I. Drechsler
Ryan Mahaffey*
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK
Nicola Brown
Affiliation:
School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK
Mary Cramp
Affiliation:
Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England Bristol, UK
Stewart C. Morrison
Affiliation:
School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, UK
Wendy I. Drechsler
Affiliation:
Haemophilia Centre, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Trust, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Ryan Mahaffey, email: ryan.mahaffey@stmarys.ac.UK
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Abstract

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) has been considered as the ‘standard’ method to determine body fat in children due to superior validity and reliability compared with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). However, ADP and BIA are often used interchangeably despite few studies comparing measures of percentage body fat by ADP (%FMADP) with BIA (%FMBIA) in children with and without obesity. The objective of this study was to measure concurrent validity and reliability of %FMADP and %FMBIA in 6-to-12-year-old boys with and without obesity. Seventy-one boys (twenty-five with obesity) underwent body composition assessment. Ten boys participated in intra-day reliability analysis. %FMADP was estimated by Bodpod using sex- and age-specific equations of body density. %FMBIA was estimated by a multi-frequency, hand-to-foot device using child-specific equations based on impedance. Validity was assessed by t tests, correlation coefficients and limits of agreement (LoA); and reliability by technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Compared with %FMADP, %FMBIA was significantly underestimated in the cohort (–3·4 ± 5·6 %; effect size = 0·42) and in both boys with obesity (–5·2 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·90) and without obesity (–2·4 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·52). A strong, significant positive correlation was found between %FMADP and %FMBIA (r = 0·80). Across the cohort, LoA were 22·3 %, and no proportional bias was detected. For reliability, TEM were 0·65 % and 0·55 %, and ICC were 0·93 and 0·95 for %FMBIA and %FMADP, respectively. Whilst both %FMADP and %FMBIA are highly reliable methods, considerable differences indicated that the devices cannot be used interchangeably in boys age 6-to-12 years.

Keywords

Body compositionObesityPaediatricConcurrent validityReliability
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 6 , 28 September 2023 , pp. 1098 - 1104
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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