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‘Bottom-up’ effects in a tritrophic plant–aphid–parasitoid system: Why being the perfect host can have its disadvantages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2019

M. Mehrparvar Open the ORCID record for M. Mehrparvar [Opens in a new window] ,
A. Rajaei ,
M. Rokni ,
A. Balog  and
H.D. Loxdale
M. Mehrparvar*
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
A. Rajaei
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
M. Rokni
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
A. Balog
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Corunca/Sighisoara Str. 1C. Tirgu-Mures, Romania
H.D. Loxdale
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, UK
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: 0098 9133400646 Fax: 0098 3433776617 E-mail: mehrparvar@aphidology.com; aphidology@gmail.com
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Abstract

In this study the host plant genotype effect on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) preference and performance, the effect of aphid genotype on parasitoids performance, as well as the indirect effects of plant genotypes on aphid parasitoid performance, were tested using different population samples of the aphid and its primary endoparasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Experiments were run as fully-factorial randomized block design in a greenhouse. Accordingly, host plant cultivar had significant effects on the total number of aphids and aphid-load whilst the fitness of the aphid genotypes were also influenced by plant cultivar. The effect of parasitism on cabbage aphids was significantly different between plant cultivars. Overall, the results revealed that cabbage aphid is under different selective pressures arising from both higher (parasitoid) and lower (host plant cultivar) trophic levels. The host plant cultivar had a significant effect on both aphid fitness and parasitism rate on particular aphid genotypes. This indicates that host-plant-adapted aphid species can create much context-dependency in the nature and strength of ‘fitness benefits parasitism’, which may in turn alter the costs and benefits of host specialization.

Keywords

AdaptationBrevicoryne brassicaecanolaecological-evolutionary influenceDiaeretiella rapaeperformance
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 109 , Issue 6 , December 2019 , pp. 831 - 839
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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