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Morph-specific fitness throughout the life cycle of the grain aphid, nonhost-alternating, holocyclic Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2023

Yu-Ting Wu ,
Xiang-Shun Hu ,
Meng-Chu Wu ,
Wen-Ying Yao  and
Xiang-Li Xu Open the ORCID record for Xiang-Li Xu [Opens in a new window]
Yu-Ting Wu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Xiang-Shun Hu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Meng-Chu Wu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Wen-Ying Yao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Xiang-Li Xu*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Northwestern Loess Plateau Crops Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
*
Corresponding author: Xiang-Li Xu; Email: xuxiangli@nwsuaf.edu.cn
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Abstract

Aphids exhibit seasonally alternating asexual and sexual reproductive modes. Different morphs are produced throughout the life cycle. To evaluate morph-specific fitness during reproductive switching, holocyclic Sitobion avenae were induced continuously under short light conditions, and development and reproduction were compared in each morph. Seven morphs, including apterous and alate virginoparae, apterous and alate sexuparae, oviparae, males, and fundatrices, were produced during the life cycle. The greatest proportions of sexuparae, oviparae, males, and virginoparae were in the G1, G2, G3, and G4 generations, respectively. Regardless of asexual or sexual morphs, alate morphs exhibited a marked delay in age at maturity compared with that of apterous morphs. Among the alate morphs, males had the longest age at maturity, followed by sexuparae and virginoparae. Among the apterous morphs, sexuparae were older at maturity than the fundatrices, virginoparae, and oviparae. The nymphs of each morph had equal survival potentials. For the same wing morphs, apterous sexuparae and oviparae exhibited substantial delays in the pre-reproductive period and considerable reductions in fecundity, compared with those of apterous virginoparae and fundatrices, whereas alate sexuparae and alate virginoparae had similar fecundity. The seven morphs exhibited Deevey I survivorship throughout the life cycle. These results suggest that sexual production, particularly in males, has short-term development and reproduction costs. The coexistence of sexual and asexual morphs in sexuparae offspring may be regarded as an adaptive strategy for limiting the risk of low fitness in winter.

Keywords

Aphiddevelopmentfitnessmorphreproductionreproductive switchingsurvival
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 113 , Issue 5 , October 2023 , pp. 658 - 664
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

These authors have contributed equally to this work.

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