Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T23:33:10.313Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies on the biology of Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R. Van Pletzen  and
T. C. De K. Van Der Linde
R. Van Pletzen
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of, South Africa
T. C. De K. Van Der Linde
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of, South Africa
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dark-scaled form of Culiseta longiareolata (Macq.) was found near Bloemfontein in South Africa. Breeding took place in various kinds of flooded pools, small containers and drinking troughs. It was multivoltine and overwintered as hibernating second-, third- and fourthinstar larvae and adult females. Laboratory colonisation was easily accomplished. Adults were maintained alive at 23°C and 70% relative humidity, and survival rates were high for 40–50 days. Starved females fed readily on blood from pigeons at night or on a 3:1 mixture of human blood and 10% sucrose solution from cotton-wool pads. Mating swarms were not observed in the field, but swarming activity occurred in laboratory populations provided with simulated dawn and dusk conditions. The fact that mating activity could be readily induced at any time was taken to show that it is not governed by a rigid endogenous rhythm. Egg-rafts varied in shape from round to oblong. Oviposition was invariably nocturnal. Some substance, probably emitted by bacteria, served as an oviposition attractant. The anterior pole of each egg lacks an exochorion and is hydrophilic. The posterior pole bears a lipid droplet. The exochorion is sculptured, the sculpturing consisting of bosses connected to one another by bridges constituting the outlines of a series of pores. The exochorial pattern varies in different regions of the egg. Pupation and emergence occurred mainly at night, and there was an approximately normal sex ratio.

Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , March 1981 , pp. 71 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bates, M. (1970). The natural history of mosquitoes.—Gloucester, Massachusetts, Peter Smith 378 pp.Google Scholar
Bedford, G. A. H. (1928). South African mosquitoes.—13th & 14th Rep. Vet. Res. Un. S. Afr. pt. II, 881–990.Google Scholar
Blanchard, M. R. (1905). Les moustiques, histoire naturelle et médicale.—673 pp. Paris, F. R. de Rudeval.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brumpt, E. (1941). Mécanisme d'éclosion des moustiques.—Annls Parasit. hum. comp. 18, 75–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burbutis, P. P. & Lake, R. W. (1956). The biology of Culiseta melanura (Coquillet) in New Jersey.—Proc. New Jers. Mosq. Exterm. Ass. 43, 155–161.Google Scholar
Callot, J. & Van Ty, D. (1942). L'Aedes caspius (Pallas) aux environs de Paris.—Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 35, 326–327 (cited by Horsfall, 1972).Google Scholar
Chamberlain, R. W., Rubin, H., Kissling, R. E. & Edison, M. E. (1951). Recovery of virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis from a mosquito, Culiseta melanura (Coquillet).—Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 77, 396–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. F. (1975). The insects: structure and function.—Third impression, 819 pp. London, English Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Christophers, S. R. (1945). Structure of the Culex egg and egg-raft in relation to function (Diptera).—Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 95, 25–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christophers, S. R. (1960). Aëdes aegypti (L.) the yellow fever mosquito: its life history, bionomics and structure.—739 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Clements, A. N. (1963). The physiology of mosquitoes.—393 pp. London, Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1971). Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. X. The genus Culiseta Felt in Southeast Asia.—Contrib. Am. entomol. Inst. 7, 38–61.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W. (1941). Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III.—Culicine adults and pupae.—499 pp. London, British Museum (Natural History).Google Scholar
Gillett, J. D. (1971). Mosquitoes.—274 pp. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadskiî, A. S. & Shtakel'berg, A. A. (1970). Insecta Diptera. Vol. III pt. 4. Mosquitoes (family Culicidae).—Fauna SSSR no. 100, 384 pp. Leningrad, Izdat. Nauka.Google Scholar
Hayes, R. O. (1958). Observations on the swarming of Culiseta melanura (Coquillett).—Mosquito News 18, 70–73.Google Scholar
Horsfall, W. R. (1972). Mosquitoes, their bionomics and relation to disease.—New York, Hafner Publishing Company. 723 pp.Google Scholar
Ikeshoji, T., Umino, T. & Hirakoso, S. (1967). Studies on mosquito attractants and stimulants. Part IV. An agent producing stimulative effects for oviposition of Culex pipiens fatigans in field water and the stimulative effects of various chemicals.—Jap. J. exp. Med. 37, 61–69.Google Scholar
Iltis, W. G. & Zweig, G. (1962). Surfactant in apical drop of eggs of some culicine mosquitoes.—Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 55, 409–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jupp, P. G. (1975). Further studies on the overwintering stages of Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the highveld region of South Africa.—J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr. 38, 89–97.Google Scholar
Jupp, P. G. & Brown, R. G. (1967). The laboratory colonization of Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) from material collected in the highveld region of South Africa.—J. ent. Soc. sth. Afr. 30, 34–39.Google Scholar
Knab, F. (1907). An early account of the copulation of Stegomyia calopus.—Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 15, 13–18 (cited by Horsfall, 1972).Google Scholar
Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977). A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae).—611 pp. College Park, Maryland, Entomological Society of America (Thomas Say Foundation, Vol. VI).Google Scholar
McLintock, J. (1952). Continuous laboratory rearing of Culiseta inornata (Will.) (Diptera: Culicidae).—Mosquito News 12, 195–201.Google Scholar
Pappas, L. G. (1973). Larval rearing technique for Culiseta inornata (Will.).—Mosquito News 33, 604–605.Google Scholar
Reeves, W. C. & Hammon, W. McD. (1944). Feeding habits of the proven and possible mosquito vectors of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis in the Yakima Valley, Washington.—A m. J. trap. Med. 24, 131–134.Google Scholar
Roubaud, E. & Colas-Belcour, J. (1933). Notes sur un culicide méditerranéen, Theobaldia longeareolata Macq.—Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 26, 934–937 (cited by Horsfall, 1972).Google Scholar
Shemanchuk, J. A. & Morgante, O. (1968). Isolation of western encephalitis virus from mosquitoes in Alberta.—Can. J. Microbiol. 14, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siverly, R. E. & Schoof, H. F. (1962). Biology of Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) in Southeast Georgia.—Mosquito News 22, 274–282.Google Scholar
Wallis, R. C. & Whitman, L. (1968). Oviposition of Culiseta morsitans (Theobald) and comments on the life cycle of the American form.—Mosquito News 28, 198–200.Google Scholar