Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T04:44:47.901Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A trial of a cypermethrin ‘pour-on’ insecticide to control Glossina pallidipes, G. fuscipes fuscipes and G. morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in south-west Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

S.G.A. Leak ,
Woudyalew Mulatu ,
G.J. Rowlands  and
G.D.M. D'Ieteren
S.G.A. Leak*
Affiliation:
International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), Nairobi, Kenya
Woudyalew Mulatu
Affiliation:
Internation Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), Ethiopia
G.J. Rowlands
Affiliation:
International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), Nairobi, Kenya
G.D.M. D'Ieteren
Affiliation:
International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), Nairobi, Kenya
*
S.G.A. Leak, International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Tsetse populations and trypanosome prevalence in cattle were monitored from 1986 to 1993 in the Ghibe valley, south-west Ethiopia. From January 1991 to December 1993 between 2000 and 4000 cattle were treated at monthly intervals with a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin (RS-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxy- benzyl [1RS]-cis, trans -3-[2,2-dichlorovinyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate). An approximate dosage of 1 ml per 10 kg bodyweight was used to control tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). Treatments were given as ‘pour-on’ applications along the backlines of animals, using automatic drench-gun applicators. This resulted in a decline of 93% in the apparent density of G. pallidipes Austen. A reduction of 83% in the apparent density of G. morsitans submorsitans Newstead was also observed. This reduction was associated with a reduction in trypanosome prevalence in cattle of over 74% in 1993, despite a high level of resistance to all available trypanocidal drugs. The numbers of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Tabanidae were also significantly reduced (P < 0.01).

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 85 , Issue 2 , June 1995 , pp. 241 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauer, B., Amsler, S., Kabore, I. & Petrich-Bauer, J. (in press) Application of synthetic pyrethroids to cattle. Laboratory trials and tsetse control operations with specific consideration of extension to rural communities. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control,22nd meeting, Kampala, Uganda, 1993. OAU/STRC.Google Scholar
Burnett, G.F. (1954) The effect of poison bait cattle on populations of Glossina morsitans Westw. and G. swynnertoni Aust.Bulletin of Entomological Research 45, 411–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challier, A. (1965) Amélioration de la méthode de determination de l'age physiologique des glossines. Etudes faites sur Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank,1949.Bulletin de la Société Pathologie Exotique 58, 250–259.Google Scholar
Challier, A. & Laveissière, C. (1973) Un nouveau piège pour la capture des glossines, description et essais sur le terrain. Cahiers ORSTOM Sèrie Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie 11, 251–262.Google Scholar
Codjia, V., Mulatu, W., Majiwa, P.A.O., Leak, S.G.A., Rowlands, G.J., Authié, E. & Peregrine, A.S. (1993) Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia. 3. Occurrence of populations of Tryopanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium. Acta Tropica 53, 151–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuller, G.K. (1978) Distribution of Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) in southwestern Ethiopia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 68, 299–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, C.H.N. (1946) An artifically isolated generation of tsetse—flies (Diptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research 32, 291–299.Google Scholar
Kupper, W. & Harbers, F. (1987) Cypermethrin impregnated ear-tags for the prevention of Glossina transmitted trypanosomiasis. Animal Research and Development 21, 52–58Google Scholar
Leak, S.G.A. & Mulatu, W. (1993) Advance of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and G. pallidipes along the Ghibe-river system in southwest Ethiopia. Acta Tropica 55, 91–95.Google Scholar
Leak, S.G.A., Mulatu, W., Authié, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Peregrine, A.S., Rowlands, G.J. & Trail, J.C.M. (1993) Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley. southwest Ethiopia. 1. Tsetse challenge and its relationship to trypanosome prevalence in cattle. Acta Tropica 53, 121–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lloyd, L.L. & Johnson, W.B. (1924) The trypanosome infections of tsetse flies in northern Nigeria and a new method of estimation. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14, 265–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M., Murray, P.K. & McIntyre, W.I.M. (1977) An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, 325–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolan, J. (1981) Current developments in resistance to amidine and pyrethroid tickicides in Australia. in (Eds) Whitehead, G.B. & Gibson, J.D.Tick biology and control. Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Tick Research Unit, pp. 109–114.Google Scholar
Norval, R.A.I., Perry, B.D. & Young, A.S. (1992) The epidemiology of theileriosis in Africa. 233 pp. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ovazza, M. (1956) Contribution a l'étude des diptères vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. IV. Glossina. Bulletin de la Société Pathologie Exotique 49, 204–209.Google ScholarPubMed
Rowlands, G.J., Authié, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Peregrine, A.S. & Leak, S.G.A. (1991) An epidemiological study of recurrent trypanosome infections in East African Zebu cattle and its association with drug resistance, pp. 444–446. In Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the International Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics,Ottawa, Canada, 1991.Google Scholar
Rowlands, G.J., Mulatu, W., Authié, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Leak, S.G.A., Nagda, S.M. & Peregrine, A.S. (1993) Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley. southwest Ethiopia. 2. Factors associated with variations in trypanosome prevalence, incidence of new infections and prevalence of recurrent infections. Acta Tropica 53, 135–150.Google Scholar
Rowlands, G.J., Mulatu, W., Authié, E., d'Ieteren, G.D.M., Leak, S.G.A. & Nagda, S.M. (in press) Effects of trypanosomiasis on growth and mortality of young East African Zebu cattle exposed to drug-resistant trypanosomes. Preventive Veterinary Medicine.Google Scholar
Rurangirwa, F.R., Minja, S.H., Musoke, A.J., Nantulya, V.M., Grootenhuis, J. & Moloo, S.K. (1986) Production and evaluation of specific antisera against sera of various vertebrate species for identification of bloodmeals of Glossina morsitans centralis. Acta Tropica 43, 379–389.Google Scholar
Saunders, D.S. (1960) The ovulation cycle in Glossina morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Muscidae) and a possible method of age determination for female tsetse flies by the examination of their ovaries. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 112, 221–238.Google Scholar
Saunders, D.S. (1962) Age determination for female tsetse flies and the age compositions of samples of Glossina pallidipes Aust., G. palpalis fuscipes Newst. and G. brevipalpis Newst. Bulletin of Entomological Research 53, 579–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1967) Statistical methods. 6th edn.593 pp. Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Swallow, B.M., Mulatu, W. & Leak, S.G.A. (in press) Evaluation of a ‘pour-on’ by Ethiopian farmers. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and control of tsetse with Control, 22nd meeting,Kampala, Uganda, 1993. OAU/STRC.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.W., Mitchell, M., Rees, R.B., Shereni, W.,Schonefeld, A.H. & Wilson, A. (1991) Studies on the efficacy of deltamethrin applied to cattle for the control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in southern Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production 23, 221–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiteside, E.F. (1949) An experiment in control of tsetse with DDT treated oxen. Bulletin of Entomological Research 40, 123–134.Google Scholar