Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T14:25:59.423Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aspects of the ecology of siricid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Europe, North Africa and Turkey with special reference to the biological control of Sirex noctilio F. in Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. P. Spradbery  and
A. A. Kirk
J. P. Spradbery
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
A. A. Kirk
Affiliation:
Division of Entomology, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Collections of siricid-infested coniferous trees were made in 150 localities in 19 European countries, Turkey and North Africa to obtain parasites and parasitoids of siricids for use in the biological control of Sirex noctilio F. in Australia. During this work, information was obtained on the distribution and biology of 8 siricid species (S. noctilio, S. cyaneus F., S. juvencus L., Urocerus augur (Kiug), U. gigas. (L.), U. sah (Mocs.), U. fantoma (F.), Xeris spectrum (L.)) and 7 parasitoids (Rhyssa persu.asoria (L.), R. amoena. Gray., Pseudorhyssa maculicoxis (Krchb.), Megarhyssa emarginatoria (Thnb.), Ibalia leucospoides leucospoides (Hochenw.), I. rufipes drewseni Borries, Odontocolon geniculatum. (Krchb.)). Data are presented on distribution, flight periods and sexratios (determined from emergence records), factors leading to the susceptibility of timber to siricid infestation and the types of timber and host tree species infested. Levels of parasitism by the various parasitoid species, determined from emergence records, are given. Localities are assigned to bioclimatic categories, and their siricid and parasitoid species are classified in relation to the climatic criteria. The ecological status of S. noctilio is discussed in relation to its establishment in Australia.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 68 , Issue 3 , September 1978 , pp. 341 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bechstein, J. M. (1818). Forstinsectologie oder Naturgeschichte der für den Wald schädlichen und nützlichen Insecten.—551 pp. Gothe.Google Scholar
Bedding, R. A. (1972). Biology of Deladenus siricidicola (Neotylenchidae), an entomophagousmycetophagous nematode parasite in siricid woodwasps.—Nematologica 18, 482–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedding, R. A. & Akhurst, R. J. (1974). Use of the nematode Deladenus siricidicola in the biological control of Sirex noctilio in Australia.—J. Aust. ent. Soc. 13, 129–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chrystal, R. N. (1928). The Sirex wood-wasps and their importance in forestry.—Bull. ent. Res. 19, 219–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coutts, M. P. (1965). Sirex noctilio and the physiology of Pinus radiata.—Bull. For. Timb. Bur. Aust. no. 41, 1–79.Google Scholar
Coutts, M. P. (1969a). The mechanism of pathogenicity of Sirex noctilio on Pinus radiata. I. Effects of the symbiotic fungus Amylostereum sp. (Thelophoraceae).—Aust. J. biol. Sci. 22, 915–924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coutts, M. P. (1969b). The mechanism of pathogenicity of Sirex noctilio on Pinus radiata. II. Effects of S. noctilio mucus.—Aust. J. biol. Sci. 22, 1153–1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, J. M. & Miller, L. W. (1952). An outbreak of Sirex noctilio in Tasmania.—Aust. For. 16, 63–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, M. J. (1968). A survey of siricid attack on radiata pine in Europe.—Aust. For. 32, 155–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, H. S. (1939). Ecological notes on the Sirex wood wasps and their parasites.—Bull. ent. Res. 30, 27–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartig, T. (1860). Die Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen.—416 pp. Berlin.Google Scholar
Kile, G., Bowling, P. J., Dolezal, J. E. & Bird, T. (1974). The reaction of Pinus radiata twigs to the mucus of Sirex noctilio in relation to resistance to Sirex attack.—Aust. For. Res. 6, 25–34.Google Scholar
Kirk, A. A. (1974). Bioclimates of Australian Pinus radiata areas and Sirex noctilio localities in the northern hemisphere.—Aust. For. 37, 126–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, A. A. (1975). The distribution and ecology of woodwasps (Hym., Siricidae) and their parasitoid, Rhyssa persuasoria(L.) (Hym., Ichneumonidae), in Ireland.—Entomologist's mon. Mag. 110, 215–221.Google Scholar
Miller, D. & Clark, A. F. (1935). Sirex noctilio (Hym.) and its parasite in New Zealand.— Bull. ent. Res. 26, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, F. D. (1968). Bionomics of Siriciclae.—Ann. Rev. Ent. 13, 239–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratzeburg, T. (1844). Die Forstinsekten III.—272 pp. Berlin, Nicolaischen Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Rawlings, G. B. (1948). Recent observations of the Sirex noctilio populations in Pinus radiata forests in New Zealand.—N.Z. Jl For. 5, 1–11.Google Scholar
Rawlings, G. B. (1953). Rearing of Sirex noctilio and its parasite Ibalia leucospoides.—N.Z. For. Res. Notes 1, 20–34.Google Scholar
Rawlings, G. B. & Wilson, N. M. (1949). Sirex noctilio as a beneficial and destructive insect to Pinus radiata In New Zealand.—N.Z. Jl For. 6, 2–11.Google Scholar
Scheidter, F. (1919). Das Tannensterben im Frankenwald.—Naturw. Z. Forst- u. Landw. 17, 69–90.Google Scholar
Schimitschek, E. (1940). Beitrage zur Forstentomologie der Türkei. III. Die Massenvermehrung des Ips sexdentatus Börner im Gebiete der orientalischen Fichte.—Z. angew. Ent. 27, 84–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradbery, J. P. (1973). A comparative study of the phytotoxic effects of siricid woodwasps on conifers.—Ann. appl. Biol. 75, 309–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradbery, J. P. (1977). The oviposition biology of siricid woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae).—Ecol. ent. 2, 225–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradbery, J. P. & Kirk, A. A. (in press). Experimental studies on the response of European Siricidae to host trees.—Ann. appl. Biol.Google Scholar
Taylor, K. L. (1967). The introduction, culture, liberation, and recovery of parasites of Sirex noctilio in Tasmania, 1962–67.—Tech. Pap. Div. Ent. C.S.l.R.O. Aust. no. 8, 19 pp.Google Scholar
Taylor, K L. (1969). Effectiveness of control of Sirex noctilio by parasites.—Aust. For. 33, 49–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, K. L. (1976). The introduction and establishment of insect parasitoids to control Sirex noctillo in Australia.—Entomophaga 21, 429–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, F. (1969). Les siricides en Belgique, leurs moeurs et leur importance en sylviculture.— Bull. Soc. r. for. Belg. 76, 281–301.Google Scholar
Unesco-Fao (1963). Ecological study of the Mediterranean Zone. Bioclimatic map of the Mediterranean zone. (Arid zone Research III-5 maps with explanatory notes.)— Paris.Google Scholar