Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T12:54:03.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Natural Enemies of Sirex cyaneus, Fabr., in England and their Life-history

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R. N. Chrystal  and
J. G. Myers
R. N. Chrystal
Affiliation:
Imperial Forestry Institute
J. G. Myers
Affiliation:
Imperial Bureau of Entomology,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Rhyssa persuasoria and Ibalia leucospoides, both parasitic on Sirex cyaneus, have been studied at Oxford.

Rhyssa lays its eggs in the burrow of and near to the almost or quite full-fed host larva or the pupa, by piercing the solid wood with itsovipositor. Feeding is entirely ectoparasitic and takes only a few weeks, during which the host larva may burrow a little further. The winter is passed by Rhyssa as a resting larva. Pupation takes place in the spring, and the whole life-cycle normally occupies one year.

Ibalia oviposits in the young larva just before ormore rarely just after hatching, utilising the oviposition-bores of the Sirex for this purpose. The first-stage larva is elongate, with sickle-shaped mandibles, and larval feeding seems wholly endoparasitic. Sirex larvae parasitised by Ibalia confine their boring largely to the outer portions of the trunk, and usually make their final cell just under and approximately parallel to the surface. The life-cycle of Ibalia requires at least two years.

Owing to the very different instars which they attack, there seems no risk of superparasitism of Ibalia by Rhyssa or vice versa, and it is therefore suggested that both species be introduced into New Zealand as a measure against Sirex juvencus, which is there very destructive to plantations of Pinus radiata.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , January 1928 , pp. 67 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1928

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashmead, (W. H.). 1903. Classification of the Gall-wasps and the parasitic Cynipoids of the Superfamily Cynipoidea.—Psyche, Boston, Mass, x, pp. 7–13, 59–73, 140–155, 210–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbey, (A.) 1925. Traité d'Entomologie forestière. 2nd ed. Paris.Google Scholar
Baumann, (C.). 1924. Uber den Bau des Abdomens und die Funktion des Legeapparates von Thalessa leucographa.—Zool. Anz., Leipzig, lviii, pp. 149–162.Google Scholar
Bischoff, (H.). 1927. Biologie der Hymenopteren. Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bordas, (M. L.). 1917. Du rôle de quelques Ichneumonides comme auxiliaires de 1'Arboriculture forestière.—C. R. hebdom. Acad Sci. Fr., Paris, clxiv, pp. 923–925.Google Scholar
Borries, (H.). 1891. Om Slaegten Ibalia Latr.—Ent. Medd., Copenhagen, iii, pp. 53–57.Google Scholar
Brues, (C. T.). 1927. Observations on wood-boring Insects, their Parasites and other associated Insects.—Psyche, Boston, xxxiv, pp. 73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bugnion, (E.). 1905. Les oeufs pédiculés et la tarière de Rhyssa persuasoria.—Extr. C.R. 6e Cong. int. de Zool., Sess. de Berne 1904, Geneva, pp. 511–521, 1 pl., 2 figs.Google Scholar
Champlain, (A. B.). 1922. Records of Hymenopterous Parasites in Pennsylvania.—Psyche, Boston, xxix, pp. 95–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheesman, (L. E.). 1922. Rhyssa persuasoria: ItsOviposition and Larval Habits.—Proc. S. London Ent. Soc, 1921–22, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
Dalla torre, (K. W.) & Kieffer, (J. J.). 1910. Cynipidae: in Das Tierreich, Berlin, xxiv, 891 pp.Google Scholar
Hudson, (G. V.). 1927. The Giant Ichneumon-fly, Rhyssa fractinervis Voll.—N.Z.Jl. Sci. & Techn., ix, p. 118.Google Scholar
Johnson, (W. F.). 1919. Rhyssa persuasoria in the Counties of Down and Fermanagh.—Irish Naturalist, xxviii, pp. 115–118.Google Scholar
Lindsay, (S.). 1925. The Giant Ichneumon-fly Rhyssa fractinervis Voll.—N.Z. Jl. Sci. & Techn., viii, pp. 31–32.Google Scholar
Riley, (C. V.). 1888. The Habits of Thalessa andTremex.—Insect Life, i, pp. 168–179, figs. 36–39, 1 pl.Google Scholar
Torka, (V.). 1926. Beobachtungen über die Eiablage von Sirex spectrum L. und den Schmarotzer Rhyssa persuasoria L. — Anz. Schädlingsk., Berlin, ii, p. 166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tillyard, (R. J.). 1927. The Giant Horntail. A Serious Menace to Pine Plantations.—Nelson Evening Mail, 9th Feb. 1927, p. 6.Google Scholar