Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T12:06:00.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The within-field spatial and temporal distribution of arthropods in winter wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J.M. Holland ,
J.N. Perry  and
L. Winder
J.M. Holland*
Affiliation:
The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants, SP6 1EF, UK:
J.N. Perry
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Nematology, IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK:
L. Winder
Affiliation:
Seale-Hayne Faculty, University of Plymouth, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 6NQ, UK
*
* Fax: 01425 651026 E-mail: jholland@game-conservancy.org.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The within-field spatial distribution of some common farmland arthropods from the Carabidae, Araneae and Collembola was assessed using two-dimensional grids of pitfall traps distributed across whole winter wheat fields. In the first year, the extent to which arthropod capture was influenced by location within the field and sampling intensity was examined using a nested grid design (1.5 m, 7.5 m and 30 m spacings). In the second year, distributions within two different-sized winter wheat fields were compared. Spatial pattern and association between arthropods and weed cover were analysed using SADIE and trend surfaces were used to visualize distributions. Many of these arthropod groups exhibited aggregated distributions within the fields in clusters larger than 30 m across, demonstrating that the numbers captured will vary depending on the location of sampling within a field. Amara species, Bembidion lampros Herbst, Carabidae and Lycosidae were predominantly found within 60 m of the field edge. Nebria brevicollis Fabricius and Pterostichus madidus Illiger were found within the field in patches of one and two hectares, respectively. Linyphiidae were relatively homogeneously distributed across the fields. There was some evidence of clustering by Collembola. The spermophagous Carabidae and Lycosidae were positively associated with the degree of weed cover. SADIE analytical techniques were useful for identifying the importance and location of patches with greater and less than average numbers, although a minimum of 36 sample points is recommended.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 89 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 499 - 513
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adis, J. (1979) Problems of interpreting arthropod sampling with pitfall traps. Zoologischer Anzeiger Jena 202, 177–184.Google Scholar
Anscombe, F.J. (1949) On estimating the populations of aphids in a potato field. Annals of Applied Biology 35, 567–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baars, M.A. & Van Dijk, T.S. (1984) Population dynamics of two carabid beetles at a Dutch heathland. II. Egg production and survival in relation to density. Journal of Animal Ecology 53, 389–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliss, C.I. (1941) Statistical problems in estimating populations of Japanese beetle larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology 34, 221–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booij, C.J.H., Nijs, den L.J.M.F. & Noorlander, J. (1995) Spatiotemporal patterns in activity density of some carabid species in large scale arable fields. Acta Jutlandica 70, 175–184.Google Scholar
Bristowe, W.S. (1971) The world of spiders. London, Collins.Google Scholar
Brust, G.E. (1990) Direct and indirect effects of four herbicides on the activity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pesticide Science 30, 309–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryan, K.M. & Wratten, S.D. (1984) The responses of polyphagous predators to prey spatial heterogeneity: aggregation by carabid and staphylinid beetles to their cereal aphid prey. Ecological Entomology 9, 251–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombes, D.S. & Sotherton, N.W. (1986) The dispersal and distribution of predatory Coleoptera in cereals. Annals of Applied Biology 108, 461–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Den Boer, P.J. (1990) Density limits and survival of local populations in 64 carabid species with different powers of dispersal. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 3, 19–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffield, S.J. & Aebischer, N.J. (1994) The effect of spatial scale of treatment with dimethoate on invertebrate population recovery in winter wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 31, 263–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilpin, M. & Hanski, I. (1991) Metapopulation dynamics: empirical and theoretical investigations. London, Harcourt Brace Janovich.Google Scholar
Golden Software Inc. (1997) Surfer for Windows version 6.04, surface mapping system. Colorado, Golden Software Inc.Google Scholar
Greig-Smith, P. (1952) The use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of the structure of plant communities. Annals of Botany 16, 293–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greig-Smith, P. (1979) Pattern in vegetation. Journal of Ecology 67, 755–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruttke, H. & Weigmann, G. (1990) Ecological studies on the carabid fauna (Coleoptera) of a ruderal ecosystem in Berlin. pp. 181–189in Stork, N.E. (Ed.) The role of ground beetles in ecological and environmental studies. Andover, Intercept Ltd.Google Scholar
Hance, T. (1987) Predation impact of carabids at different population densities of Aphis fabae development in sugar beet. Pedobiologia 30, 251–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helenius, J. (1995) Rate and local scale spatial pattern of adult emergence of the generalist predator Bembidion guttula in an agricultural field. Acta Jutlandica 70, 101–111.Google Scholar
Hemptinne, J.-L., Dixon, A.F.G. & Coffin, J. (1992) Attack strategy of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae): factors shaping their numerical response. Oecologia 90, 238–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hengeveld, R. (1979) The analysis of spatial patterns of some ground beetles (Col. Carabidae). pp. 333–346in Cormack, R.M. & Ord, J.K., (Eds) Spatial and temporal analysis in ecology. Fairland, International Co-operative Publishing House.Google Scholar
Holland, J.M., Cook, S.K., Drysdale, A., Hewitt, M.V., Spink, J., and Turley, D. (1998) The impact on non-target arthropods of integrated compared to conventional farming: results from the LINK Integrated Farming Systems project. Proceedings of the 1998 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases 2, 625–630.Google Scholar
Holopainen, J.K. (1995) Spatial distribution of polyphagous predators in nursery fields. Acta Jutlandica 70, 213–220.Google Scholar
Hone[breve]k, A. (1988) The effect of crop density and microclimate on pitfall trap catches of Carabidae, Staphylinidae (Coleoptera), and Lycosidae (Araneae) in cereal fields. Pedobiologia 32, 233–242.Google Scholar
Iwao, S. (1968) A new regression model for analysing the aggregation pattern of animal populations. Researches on Population Ecology 10, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, T.S., Dyring, L., Kristensen, B., Nielsen, B.O. & Rasmussen, E.R. (1989) Spring dispersal and summer habitat distribution of Agonum dorsale (Col. Carabidae). Pedobiologia 33, 115–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, J.S. (1972) The emergence of behaviour. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11, 168–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levins, R. (1969) Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 15, 237–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology 36, 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lövei, G.L. & Sunderland, K.D. (1996) Ecology and behaviour of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annual Review of Entomology 41, 231–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luff, M.L. (1975) Some features influencing the efficiency of pitfall traps. Oecologia 19, 345–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meijer, J. (1977) The immigration of spiders (Araneida) into a new polder. Ecological Entomology 2, 81–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, W.E. & Turner, S.T.D. (1996) Application of GIS modelling to pest forecasting and pest distribution studies at different spatial scales. Aspects of Applied Biology 46, 223–229.Google Scholar
Perry, J.N. (1997) Simulating spatial patterns of counts in agriculture and ecology. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 15, 93–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, J.N. (1998a) Measures of spatial pattern and spatial association for counts of insects. pp. 21–33in Baumgartner, J., Brandmayr, P. & Manly, B.F.J. (Eds) Population and community ecology for insect management and conservation. Rotterdam, Balkema.Google Scholar
Perry, J.N. (1998b) Measures of spatial pattern for counts. Ecology 79, 1008–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, J.N., Winder, L., Holland, J.M. & Alston, R.D. (1999) Red-blue plots for detecting clusters in count data. Ecology Letters 2, 106–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, W., Hawthorne, A., Hemptinne, J.-L., Holopainen, J.K., Nijs, d.L.J.M.F., Riedel, W. & Ruggle, P. (1995) Within-field spatial heterogeneity of arthropod predators and parasitoids. Acta Jutlandica 70, 235–242.Google Scholar
Pulz, R. (1987) Thermal and water regulations. pp. 26–55in Nentwig, W.(Ed.) Ecophysiology of spiders. Berlin, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riedel, W. (1992) Hibernation and spring dispersal of polyphagous predators in arable land. PhD thesis, Aarhus University.Google Scholar
Riedel, W. (1995) Spatial distribution of hibernating polyphagous predators within field boundaries. Acta Jutlandica 70, 221–226.Google Scholar
Sotherton, N.W. (1984) The distribution and abundance of predatory arthropods overwintering on farmland. Annals of Applied Biology 105, 423–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speight, M.R. & Lawton, J.H. (1976) The influence of weed cover on the mortality imposed on artificial prey by predatory ground beetles in cereal fields. Oecologia 23, 211–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sunderland, K.D. (1975) The diet of some predatory arthropods in cereal crops. Journal of Applied Ecology 12, 507–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunderland, K.D. (1987) Spiders and cereal aphids in Europe. Bulletin of International Organisation for Biological Control; Western Palaeartic Regional Section 10, 82–102.Google Scholar
Sunderland, K.D. & Vickerman, G.P. (1980) Aphid feeding by some polyphagous predators in relation to aphid densities in cereal fields. Journal of Applied Ecology 17, 389–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature 189, 732–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1986) Synoptic dynamics, migration and the Rothamsted Insect Survey. Journal of Animal Ecology 55, 1–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiele, H.U. (1977) Carabid beetles in their environments, Berlin, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C.F.G., Hol, E.H.A. & Everts, J.W. (1990) Modelling the diffusion component of dispersal during recovery of a population of linyphiid spiders from exposure to an insecticide. Functional Ecology 4, 357–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C.F.G., Parkinson, L. & Marshall, E.J.P. (1998) Isolating the components of activity-density for the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius in farmland. Oecologia 116, 103–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topping, C.J. & Sunderland, K.D. (1992) Limitations to the use of pitfall traps in ecological studies exemplified by a study of spiders in a field of winter wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 29, 485–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallin, H. (1985) Spatial and temporal distribution of some abundant carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in cereal fields and adjacent habitats. Pedobiologia 28, 19–34.Google Scholar
Wallin, H. (1986) Habitat choice of some field-inhabiting carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) studied by recapture of marked individuals. Ecological Entomology 11, 457–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallin, H. (1987) Distribution, movements and reproduction of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) inhabiting cereal fields. Plant Protection Reports, Dissertations 15, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Wallin, H. & Ekbom, B. (1994) Influence of hunger level and prey densities on movement patterns in three species of Pterostichus beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Environmental Entomology 23, 1171–1181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winder, L., Holland, J.M. & Perry, J.N. (1998) The within-field spatial and temporal distribution of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in winter wheat. Proceedings of the 1998 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases 3, 1089–1094.Google Scholar
Winder, L., Perry, J.N. & Holland, J.M. (1999) The spatial and temporal distribution of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae in winter wheat. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wratten, S.D. & Powell, W. (1991) Cereal aphids and their natural enemies. pp. 233–257in Firbank, L.G., Carter, N., Darbyshire, J.F. & Potts, G.R. (Eds) The ecology of temperate cereal fields. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd.Google Scholar