Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-20T15:20:13.814Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

OPEN QUESTIONS ABOUT RAMSEY-TYPE STATEMENTS IN REVERSE MATHEMATICS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2016

LUDOVIC PATEY*
Affiliation:
LABORATOIRE PPS UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT PARIS, FRANCEE-mail: ludovic.patey@computability.frURL: http://www.ludovicpatey.com

Abstract

Ramsey’s theorem states that for any coloring of the n-element subsets of ℕ with finitely many colors, there is an infinite set H such that all n-element subsets of H have the same color. The strength of consequences of Ramsey’s theorem has been extensively studied in reverse mathematics and under various reducibilities, namely, computable reducibility and uniform reducibility. Our understanding of the combinatorics of Ramsey’s theorem and its consequences has been greatly improved over the past decades. In this paper, we state some questions which naturally arose during this study. The inability to answer those questions reveals some gaps in our understanding of the combinatorics of Ramsey’s theorem.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Symbolic Logic 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Mirzaevich Arslanov, Marat, Some generalizations of a fixed-point theorem. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Matematika, (1981), no. 5, pp. 916.Google Scholar
Bienvenu, Laurent, Patey, Ludovic, and Shafer, Paul, On the logical strengths of partial solutions to mathematical problems, submitted, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.5874, 2015.Google Scholar
Bovykin, Andrey and Weiermann, Andreas, The strength of infinitary ramseyan principles can be accessed by their densities, 2005, preprint.Google Scholar
Cai, Mingzhong, Greenberg, Noam, and McInerney, Michael, DNR and incomparable Turing degrees, 2015, to appear.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cholak, Peter, Downey, Rod, and Igusa, Greg, Any FIP real computes a 1-generic, 2015, preprint.Google Scholar
Cholak, Peter A., Dzhafarov, Damir D., Hirst, Jeffry L., and Slaman, Theodore A., Generics for computable Mathias forcing. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, vol. 165 (2014), no. 9, pp. 14181428.Google Scholar
Cholak, Peter A., Giusto, Mariagnese, Hirst, Jeffry L., and Jockusch, Carl G. Jr, Free sets and reverse mathematics. Reverse Mathematics, vol. 21 (2001), pp. 104119.Google Scholar
Cholak, Peter A., Jockusch, Carl G., and Slaman, Theodore A., On the strength of Ramsey’s theorem for pairs. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 66 (2001), no. 01, pp. 155.Google Scholar
Chong, C., Lempp, Steffen, and Yang, Yue, On the role of the collection principle for ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^0$-formulas in second-order reverse mathematics. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 138 (2010), no. 3, pp. 10931100.Google Scholar
Chong, C. T., Li, Wei, and Yang, Yue, Nonstandard models in recursion theory and reverse mathematics, this Bulletin, vol. 20 (2014), no. 2, pp. 170200.Google Scholar
Chong, Chitat, Slaman, Theodore, and Yang, Yue, The metamathematics of stable Ramsey’s theorem for pairs. Journal of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 27 (2014), no. 3, pp. 863892.Google Scholar
Csima, Barbara F. and Mileti, Joseph R., The strength of the rainbow Ramsey theorem. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 74 (2009), no. 4, pp. 13101324.Google Scholar
Dorais, François G., Dzhafarov, Damir D., Hirst, Jeffry L., Mileti, Joseph R., and Shafer, Paul, On uniform relationships between combinatorial problems, 2012, preprint.Google Scholar
Downey, Rod, Diamondstone, David, Greenberg, Noam, and Turetsky, Daniel, The finite intersection principle and genericity, Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, to appear, available at time of writing at http://homepages.ecs.vuw.ac.nz/∼downey/publications/FIP_paper.pdf, 2012.Google Scholar
Downey, Rod, Hirschfeldt, Denis R., Lempp, Steffen, and Solomon, Reed, A ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^0$set with no infinite low subset in either it or its complement. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 66 (2001), no. 3, pp. 13711381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dzhafarov, Damir D., Strong reductions between combinatorial principles, submitted.Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, Damir D., Cohesive avoidance and strong reductions. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 143 (2015), no 2, pp. 869876.Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, Damir D. and Hirst, Jeffry L., The polarized Ramsey’s theorem. Archive for Mathematical Logic, vol. 48 (2009), no. 2, pp. 141157.Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, Damir D. and Jockusch, Carl G., Ramsey’s theorem and cone avoidance. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 74 (2009), no. 2, pp. 557578.Google Scholar
Dzhafarov, Damir D. and Mummert, Carl, On the strength of the finite intersection principle. Israel Journal of Mathematics, vol. 196 (2013), no. 1, pp. 345361.Google Scholar
Flood, Stephen, Reverse mathematics and a Ramsey-type König’s lemma. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 77 (2012), no. 4, pp. 12721280.Google Scholar
Flood, Stephen and Towsner, Henry, Separating principles below WKL 0, 2014, submitted, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.4068.Google Scholar
Friedman, Harvey M., Fom:53:free sets and reverse math and fom:54:recursion theory and dynamics, available at http://www.math.psu.edu/simpson/fom/.Google Scholar
Friedman, Harvey M., Boolean Relation Theory and Incompleteness, Lecture Notes in Logic, 2013, to appear, available at http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Noam and Miller, Joseph S., Lowness for Kurtz randomness. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 74 (2009), no. 2, pp. 665678.Google Scholar
Hirschfeldt, Denis R., Slicing the Truth, Lecture Notes Series, vol. 28, Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore, vol. 28, World Scientific Publishing, Hackensack, NJ, 2015.Google Scholar
Hirschfeldt, Denis R. and Jockusch, Carl G., On notions of computability theoretic reduction between ${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$principles, to appear.Google Scholar
Hirschfeldt, Denis R., Jockusch, Carl G., Kjos-Hanssen, Bjørn, Lempp, Steffen, and Slaman, Theodore A., The strength of some combinatorial principles related to Ramsey’s theorem for pairs, Computational Prospects of Infinity, Part II: Presented Talks, World Scientific Press, Singapore, (2008), pp. 143161.Google Scholar
Hirschfeldt, Denis R. and Shore, Richard A., Combinatorial principles weaker than Ramsey’s theorem for pairs. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 72 (2007), no. 1, pp. 171206.Google Scholar
Hirschfeldt, Denis R., Shore, Richard A., and Slaman, Theodore A., The atomic model theorem and type omitting. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 361 (2009), no. 11, pp. 58055837.Google Scholar
Hirst, Jeffry L., Marriage theorems and reverse mathematics, Logic and Computation (Pittsburgh, PA, 1987), Contemporaty Mathematics, vol. 106, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1990, pp. 181196.Google Scholar
Jockusch, Carl G., Ramsey’s theorem and recursion theory. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 37 (1972), no. 2, pp. 268280.Google Scholar
Jockusch, Carl G., Degrees of functions with no fixed points. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, vol. 126 (1989), p. 191201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jockusch, Carl G., Lerman, Manuel, Soare, Robert I., and Solovay, Robert M., Recursively enumerable sets modulo iterated jumps and extensions of Arslanov’s completeness criterion. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 54 (1989), no. 4, pp. 12881323.Google Scholar
Jockusch, Carl. G. and Soare, Robert I., Degrees of members of ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0$classes. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, vol. 40 (1972), pp. 605616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jockusch, Carl. G. and Soare, Robert I., ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0$classes and degrees of theories. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 173 (1972), pp. 3356.Google Scholar
Jockusch, Carl G. and Stephan, Frank, A cohesive set which is not high. Mathematical Logic Quarterly, vol. 39 (1993), no. 1, pp. 515530.Google Scholar
Kang, Xiaojun, Combinatorial principles between $\mathop {RRT}\nolimits_2^2$and $\mathop {RT}\nolimits_2^2$. Frontiers of Mathematics in China, vol. 9 (2014), no. 6, pp. 13091323.Google Scholar
Kjos-Hanssen, Bjørn, Infinite subsets of random sets of integers. Mathematics Research Letters, vol. 16 (2009), pp. 103110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreuzer, Alexander P., Primitive recursion and the chain antichain principle. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, vol. 53 (2012), no. 2, pp. 245265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kucera, Antonın, Measure, ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0$classes and complete extensions of PA. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1141 (1985), pp. 245259.Google Scholar
Lerman, Manuel, Solomon, Reed, and Towsner, Henry, Separating principles below Ramsey’s theorem for pairs. Journal of Mathematical Logic, vol. 13 (2013), no. 2, p. 1350007.Google Scholar
Liu, Lu, $\mathop {RT}\nolimits_2^2$does not imply WKL 0. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 77 (2012), no. 2, pp. 609620.Google Scholar
Liu, Lu, Cone avoiding closed sets. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 367 (2015), no. 3, pp. 16091630.Google Scholar
Mileti, Joseph R., Partition theorems and computability theory, Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, 2004.Google Scholar
Miller, Joseph S., Assorted results in and about effective randomness, in preparation.Google Scholar
Montalbán, Antonio, Open questions in reverse mathematics. The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, vol. 17 (2011), no. 3, pp. 431454.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, A note on ”Separating principles below Ramsey’s theorem for pairs”, unpublished, available at http://ludovicpatey.com/media/research/note-em-sts.pdf, 2013.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Combinatorial weaknesses of ramseyan principles, in preparation, available at http://ludovicpatey.com/media/research/combinatorial-weaknesses-draft.pdf, 2015.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Controlling iterated jumps of solutions to combinatorial problems, submitted. available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.05340, 2015.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Degrees bounding principles and universal instances in reverse mathematics. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, vol. 166 (2015), no. 11, pp. 11651185.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Iterative forcing and hyperimmunity in reverse mathematics, Evolving Computability (Beckmann, Arnold, Mitrana, Victor, and Soskova, Mariya, editors), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9136, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 291301.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Ramsey-type graph coloring and diagonal non-computability. Archive for Mathematical Logic, vol. 54 (2015), no. 7–8, pp. 899914.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Somewhere over the rainbow Ramsey theorem for pairs, submitted. available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.07424, 2015.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, The weakness of being cohesive, thin or free in reverse mathematics, submitted, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03709, 2015.Google Scholar
Patey, Ludovic, Dominating the Erdös-Moser theorem in reverse mathematics, submitted, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03425.Google Scholar
Rakotoniaina, Tahina, The computational strength of Ramsey’s theorem, Ph.D Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015, to appear.Google Scholar
Seetapun, David and Slaman, Theodore A., On the strength of Ramsey’s theorem. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, vol. 36 (1995), no. 4, pp. 570582.Google Scholar
Shoenfield, Joseph R., On degrees of unsolvability. Annals of Mathematics, vol. 69 (1959), no. 3, pp. 644653.Google Scholar
Simpson, Stephen G., Subsystems of Second Order Arithmetic, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009.Google Scholar
Van Lambalgen, Michiel, The axiomatization of randomness. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 55 (1990), no. 3, pp. 11431167.Google Scholar
Wang, Wei, Some reverse mathematics of rainbow Ramsey theorems, unpublished.Google Scholar
Wang, Wei, Cohesive sets and rainbows. Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, vol. 165 (2014), no. 2, pp. 389408.Google Scholar
Wang, Wei, The definability strength of combinatorial principles, 2014, to appear, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1465.Google Scholar
Wang, Wei, Some logically weak ramseyan theorems. Advances in Mathematics, vol. 261 (2014), pp. 125.Google Scholar
Yu, Liang, Lowness for genericity. Archive for Mathematical Logic, vol. 45 (2006), no. 2, pp. 233238.Google Scholar