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The dialect of Shahrud (Khalkhāl)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

Extract

The object of this paper is to give preliminary information about Shāhrudi, one of the Iranian dialects spoken in Khalkhāl, the south-eastern province of Āzarbāijān lying between the Caspian province of Tālesh to the east, Ardabil to the north, Zanjān to the south, and Miyāna(j) to the west.

Our information about the Iranian dialects of Āzarbāijān, where a form of Turkish is the common language, has until recently been very defective. The scanty material available was summed up by Professor W. B. Henning in a recent article. Since then, however, several studies of the current dialects of Āzarbāijān have been published.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1959

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References

page 52 note 2 ‘The ancient language of Azerbaijan’, TPS, 1954.

page 52 note 3 A number of Iranian words used in Āzarbāijāni Turkish can be found in DrNavvabi's, Y.Zabān-e honuni-ye Āzarbaijān, Tabriz, 1954.Google Scholar

page 52 note 4 Guyeš-e Karingān, Tehrān, 1954.Google Scholar

page 52 note 5Guyeš-e Galin Qaya’, Farhang-e Irān zamin, V, 1.Google Scholar

page 52 note 6 Tāti va Harzani, Tabriz, 1955.Google Scholar

page 52 note 7 ‘Nokte'i cand az zabān-e Harzani’, Našriye-ye Dāneškade-ye adabiyāt-e Tabriz, VI, 3.Google Scholar

page 52 note 8 See Henning, , op. cit., 166.Google Scholar

page 52 note 9 Kasravi, S. A., Āzari, 3rd ed., Tehrān, [1946].Google Scholar

page 52 note 10 [Dr. Yarshater, apparently, has not had access to A. A. Karang's pamphlet Khalkhālī, s.L, 1334, which concerns Kajalī.—W. B. H.]

page 54 note 1 Unlike northern Tāl. (see Miller, B. V., Talīšskiy yazīk, Moscow, 1953, 59), Shali evinces no interchange of g andγ.Google Scholar

page 55 note 1 cf. northern Tāl. j, ị ‘which’ (Av. katāma-) points to the same development.

page 56 note 2 op. cit., 64.

page 56 note 3 cf. Henning, , op. cit., 174.Google Scholar

page 56 note 4 cf. Miller, op. cit., 55, for numerous examples of the same development in Tāl.Google Scholar

page 56 note 5 Differently in Tal., where fr- produces h- with the loss of -r- normal in that dialect: hamue ‘to order’ (< fra-mā-), havate ‘to sell’ (MPers. fravaxlan), see Miller, op. cit., 54. An exception is Shāli pašara ‘day after to-morrow’, the second part of which goes back to fratāk (suggested by Professor Henning). Kaj. (h)ara ‘to-morrow’ and paš ‘back, behind’ leave no doubt about this etymology; cf. further Shān, and Māsāl, pašera, Cāl. pešarā, Tāk. sarā.

page 57 note 1 cf. further Har. espej, Karin. pež. For forms with š see Žukovskiy, Materiaī, II, 264, and Horn, Neitpers. Etym., s.v. supuš. Professor G. Morgenstierne sees the true Persian form with *s- in Baxtiyāri and Davāni šeš < *seš, s having been assimilated to š as in the case of Pers. šepeš < *sepeš. He considers teš and heš (in some Fārs dialects) as the outcome of a southern dialect form *θiš, and Baškardi hreš as a combination of hes and rešh ‘nit’.

page 57 note 2 cf. Miller, , op. cit., 53–5.Google Scholar

page 57 note 3 Unlike As., Kaj., Karg. where the two-case system exists also in the pi., dir. -e, obi. -ān, -ūn.

page 58 note 1 Note the same distinction in Shān., where -i is the sign of the obi., gusandi vāš bedeya, ce šeta sari begem; i tika nemek bexer.

page 58 note 2 cf. Miller, , op. cit., 103 ff.Google Scholar

page 58 note 3 No ‘ablative’ ending -o occurs in Shāli, Kul., or southern Tāl. The northern Tāl. form should, I think, be considered a shorter form of the postposition -rā etc. known from other dialects (Henning, v., op. cit., 174)Google Scholar, rather than a continuation of the old ablative, Av. (so Miller, , op. cit., 75, 91).Google Scholar

page 58 note 4 The only marked difference in Shān, is 3rd sg. ob]. ai, cf. Miller, , op. cit., 118.Google Scholar The secondary ‘accusative’ forms mịni, tịni, avi, etc. (ibid., 115–22) do not occur in either Shān, or Shāli.

page 58 note 5 Or, as Benveniste has now shown (BSL, XLVIII, 1, 1952, 52 ff.) ‘possessive’.Google Scholar

page 59 note 1 As generally in Tāk., which has lost its simple obi. pronouns (Henning, v., op. cit., 162).Google Scholar

page 60 note 1 In Kul. the Past Participle preserves its identity throughout, thus šiyeim(a), šiyeiš, šiyei, šiyeimān, šiyeiran, šiyeinde ‘I etc. have gone’. This agrees with Shān, perfect šeima, šeiša, ša, šeiinuna, šeiruna, šeina.

page 61 note 1 In general agreement with Tāl., cf. Miller, , op. cit., 135 ff. e-, o-, be-, da-, pe-; Shān., Tāl.-D also ve-, vi-, Shān. , ‘I take’.Google Scholar

page 61 note 2 See also Henning, , op. cit., p. ‘takes itself’.Google Scholar

page 64 note 2 Lit. ‘after lunch’.

page 65 note 1 cf. Pers. be faryād rasidan.

page 65 note 2 vaš ‘flame’; cf. Pers. alou gereftan.

page 65 note 3 A proverbial saying.

page 65 note 4 i.e. man-nam.

page 66 note 1 Lit. ‘put’.

page 66 note 2 Lit. ‘words’.

page 67 note 1 Versions in related dialects, see Gr. ir. Ph. I, 2, 376 ff.Google Scholar