^{page 1112 note 1} Professor Doke in his Bantu Linguistic Terminology gives the following definitions:—

Root.—“The irreducible element of a word; the primitive radical form without prefix, suffix, or other inflexion, and not admitting of analysis.”

Stem.—“In Bantu that part of a word depleted of all prefixal inflexions.” He goes on to say: “Many grammarians make little distinction between root and stem.” No distinction is made in this article, and Roots and Stems are classed together, because the theme is primarily the function of Affixes in relation to both roots and stems.

^{page 1112 note 2} Examples, mimi, wewe, etc.

^{page 1112 note 3} See Bantu Linguistic Terminology (pp. 118–19) for some illuminating thoughts on primitive Bantu speech.

^{page 1113 note 1} This terminology does not follow in every respect that of Doke.

^{page 1115 note 1} The word “preprefix” is not used in the above sentence as synonymous with the “Preprefix or Initial Vowel” of LuGanda. It is used to describe the form of the prefix in so far as it sometimes precedes a root which already has its classificatory prefix, that is to say the prefix in so far as it occurs before a noun.

^{page 1117 note 1} Op. cit.

^{page 1118 note 1} It is probably correct to surmise that e in Swahili has disappeared, surviving in the singular of the Living Class only, and that o has taken its place.

^{page 1119 note 1} Formed probably from -i attached to the -ga verbal suffix of habitual or continuous action (now obsolete in Swahili).

^{page 1120 note 1} Fumba, to close; fumbata, to take or grasp in the hand.