^{page 311 note 1} Bulletin, Vol. 4, 745–60.Google Scholar See also the additional notes at the end of this article.

^{page 312 note 1} See on this subject an excellent analysis of Egyptian educational methods by Professor Amin, Ahmad in Mijattah al-Majma´ al-'llmi, Damascus, 7 (1927), 481 ft.Google Scholar

^{page 313 note 1} Professor Ahmad Amln, loc. cit.

^{page 313 note 2} an–Nazarat, iii, 145.

^{page 314 note 1} This statement refers of course to the general body of literates, not to scholars such as Ahmad Pāshā Zaki and Ahmad Pāshā Taymür.

^{page 314 note 2} Cf. the English translation of selected Quatrains of Abu'l-Ala by Rihani, Ameen F. (Amin ar–Rayhāanl), New York, 1903.Google Scholar

^{page 315 note 1} It is intended to make the Arabic novel the subject of a later study in this series.

^{page 315 note 2} On Farah Antiin see ratchkowsky, , Istorichesii roman etc., in Zhurnal Min. Narod, Prosvyescheniya, 06, 1911, pp. 282–4Google Scholar, and in the Introduction to Obraztsy Navo-arabpkoi Literatury (1928, pp. 8–14; Cheikho, in al–Machriq, 1927, 115Google Scholar; al–'Aqqad, (Cairo, 1924), 61–6.

^{page 316 note 1} See in Le Monde Orientale, 21 (1927), 193–213Google Scholar, Kratchkowsky, Professor's article “ Die Literatur der arabischen Emigranten in Amerika (1895–1915)”, and the slightly extended Russian version of the same in Izvyestiya Leningradskovo Gosvdarstvennovo Universiteta, vol. 1 (1928).Google Scholar

^{page 316 note 2} 4 edition, 3 vols., Cairo, 1923Google Scholar. The most judicial of contemporary reviews is that of al-Qasimi, Salah ad-Din in al-Muqtabas, 5 (1910), 325–34, 371–82.Google Scholar An interesting study from a more recent point of view has been written by al-'Aqqād, (Cairo, 1926), 170–84 (see MSOS. (Berlin), 29 ² (1926), 241)Google Scholar. See also Kratchkowsky in Introduction to Obraztsy etc., p. 14.

^{page 317 note 1} i, 213. In iii. 68, however, which was written in 1913, he speaks of Muhammad 'Ahduh in terms of profound respect.

^{page 317 note 2} i, 324–9.

^{page 317 note 3} i, 204–15. Cf. also his eulogy of 'Omar Khayyām, ii, 235–41.

^{page 317 note 4} i, 286–8; iii, 131–45.

^{page 317 note 5} i, 101–13.

^{page 318 note 1} i, 184–5.

^{page 318 note 2} i, 212; ii, 62–9. Cf. also 'Abarāt [see below], pp. 61 ff.

^{page 318 note 3} ii, 355.

^{page 318 note 4} ii, 17–18.

^{page 318 note 5} ii, 102.

^{page 319 note 1} e.g. i, 194.

^{page 320 note 1} iii, 216–17, 237, and passim.

^{page 320 note 2} e.g. iii, 126, 243 ff. It is instructive to compare this with MuwaylhĪ, , 'Isā b. Hishām, 3rd ed. (Cairo, 1923), 103 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 320 note 3} Mukhtārāt GurgĪ Zaydān (Cairo, 1920), 1, 136═Hildl, 8 (1500), 325.Google Scholar

^{page 321 note 1} i, 150–61

^{page 321 note 2} The same tendency in him to absolute judgments in moral questions may be exemplified by comparing his essay on Truth (i, 166–79) with the balanced judgment of Zaydān (Mukktārāt.i, 26–9═Hilāl, xi (1902–3), 149).

^{page 321 note 3} 5 edition, Cairo, 1926.Google Scholar

^{page 321 note 4} For four of these (Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac, A. Karr's Sous les Tilhuls, Coppee's Pour la Couronne, and Saint-Pierre's Paul et Virginie) see MSOS., xxix₂, 246–8. The last-named had already been translated by Farah Anrun (Alexandria, 1902).

^{page 321 note 5} A brief critical examination of Manfalutl's qualities as a writer of short stories is contained in the Introduction to by Mahmud Taymur (Cairo, 1926), 44–5, reproduced in translation in MSOS., ibid.. 254.