^{page 69 note 2} Siddhasāra 4 v 1; 132 v 4.

^{page 69 note 3} P 5538 b 80, KT, iii, 124: bala, ajñnāna, jsaiṇa satta na bauttai.

^{page 69 note 4} Or. 11344,11 b 2, KT, n, 37; P 3513.68 r 1, KT, i, 246. Like Sansk. acira-, Pali nacira-.

^{page 69 note 5} The rendering ‘leicht, mit Leichtigkeit’ in Eis based upon the use with time ‘in short time’, but is inadmissible in other contexts.

^{page 70 note 1} K 20, 170 v 20; elsewhere without the two dots.

^{page 70 note 2} An isolated cognate is preserved in OInd. muhur and muhūrtam.

^{page 70 note 3} J. Darmester, Zend-Avesta, ii, 268, gave âhÔk‘sin’; Jamasp, Vendidad, has ahûk ‘defective, sinful’ (without reference to dots); E. W. West, SBE, v, 352, ‘hungry’ as if NPers. gursnah, SBE, xxxvii, 208, gasûk‘dwarfish, short’; M. Haug, Essays on the Parsis, 2nd ed., 386, gushno-zahishnân ‘polluters’ with gušn ‘male’, whence Bartholomae, s.v. mәrәzu, wrongly rescripted d n dan k, adding the n for Haug's u(a vowel unrepresented in the script) as if it were for vāv. In the AIW the word is left unread. Sanjana, Dénkart, ix, cap. 18, p. 45, has gushnag ‘dwarfish, short’.

^{page 70 note 4} In wtk- *vitak one may see the cognate of the Armenian loan-word vtak ‘stream’. Or is it vatakénénd ‘vitiate’ ?

^{page 70 note 5} Or read bavét ‘is’.

^{page 71 note 1} K 20, 53 r 4 d'hlyč with capped d and dashed I.

^{page 71 note 2} I have the Mašhadī (with initial fricative) from M. Muhaqqiq, who knew no pronunciation with initial k. For k beside the dictionaries, NPers. kišnīz, kišnī, we have also Kurdish kišnisš and Russian loan-word kišnec.

^{page 71 note 3} Pulleyblank, E., Asia Major, NS, ix, 1, 1962, 132Google Scholar.

^{page 71 note 4} T. N. Pakhalina, Iškašimskij jazyk, 200.

^{page 71 note 5} P. de Lagarde, Gesam. Abhandlungen, 57; Marsden, E. W., Grammar and vocabulary of the Mekranee Befoochee dialect, 1877, 57Google Scholar; Mr. Mayer's English-Biluchi dictionary; G. W. Gilbertson, English-Balochi colloquial dictionary, 148 (quoting from north Baloĕī dhaniyá from Indo-Aryan).

^{page 72 note 1} R. L. Turner, Nepali dictionary, s.v. gāch.

^{page 72 note 2} No etymology is adopted in Mayrhofer, Concise etym. Sanskritdictionary.

^{page 72 note 3} Suvarnabhāsa, ed. J. Nobel, p. 60; Khot. Or. 9609, 24 v 4, KT, I, 235.

^{page 72 note 4} Aelii Dionysii et Pausaniae atticistarum fragmenta, ed. Schwabe, E., 1890, p. 191Google Scholar, where sources are quoted.

^{page 72 note 5} A. Alföldi in Widengren, G., ‘Some remarks on riding-costumeand articles of dress amongIranian peoples in antiquity’;, Arctica: Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia, xi, 1956, 24Google Scholar

^{page 72 note 6} P 3513.79 r 2, KBT, 63. A translation of the whole deŚanā will be printed in the volume dedicated to W. Norman Brown.

^{page 73 note 1} P 3513.68 v 2 (Suvarṇabhasā), KT, I, 246, Sanskrit, ed. J. Nobel, 3.60.

^{page 73 note 2} G. Morgenstierne, IIFL, n, 224. E 2.39 daso; Av. dh. 21 v 5 dasa.

^{page 73 note 3} P 2834.8, KBT, 45.

^{page 73 note 4} Ch. cvi. 001, 20, 23, 26, KT, n, 60.

^{page 73 note 5} A locust's leg: studies in honour of S. H. Taqizadeh, 35.

^{page 73 note 6} Siddhasāra 17 v 4,KT, I, 28; Jīvaka-pustaka 80 v 5; 104 v 1.

^{page 74 note 1} G. Morgenstieme, EVP, 26.

^{page 74 note 2} IIFL, n, 529.

^{page 74 note 3} Morgenstieme, G., NTS, ii, 1929, 266.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 4} Ada Orientalia, XX, 3–4, 1948, 289; NTS, v, 1932, 48.

^{page 74 note 5} Gr. Bd. 63.14, 136.7; Hübschmann, AG, 243; C. Bartholomae, Zendhandschriften, *53.

^{page 74 note 6} In Oss. Dig. fälundun ‘dress’ seems more suitably traced to a base -aud-, unenlarged in Avestan aoθra- ‘shoe, Pahl. mōk’ since -γ- would be expected to survive from gaud- (against ‘Asica’, TPS, 1945, 3).

^{page 74 note 7} Yavišt ī friyān 3.56 ut cedar apar sar nihuft ‘and she placed a covering upon her head’. For Khowar, , BSOS, viii, 2–3, 1936, 660.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 8} N. Poppe, Vergleichende Orammatik d.altaischen Sprachen, I, 37–8.

^{page 74 note 9} Similar d/t variation is claimed for IE (s)ker- and (s)ter-, see Pokorny,IEW, 938, 1023, and in Lit. splend-, plind- beside plent-, B. Fraenkel, LitEW, 616, 624, 617.

^{page 74 note 10} Walde, LatEW: Celtic inorigin.

^{page 75 note 1} In NTS, n, 1929, 266 associated with Sansk. maṇḍ- ‘to adorn’.

^{page 75 note 2} W. Caland, Baudhāyana-śrauta-sūtra, 18.46;Oertel, H., Jaiminīyabrāhmaṇa in JAOS, xxviii, 1907, 82Google Scholar. Thephrase is nau-maṇḍa upaśiśleṢa (variant upaśiśye).

^{page 75 note 3} ŚB Kāṇḍa 2, adhyāya 3, brāhmaṇa 3,15.

^{page 75 note 4} Caland, W., Acta Orientalia, IV, 1926, 170.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 5} KBT, 135.

^{page 75 note 6} In India, as F. R. Allchin informs me, butter is made from the whole milk.

^{page 76 note 1} JRAS, 1955, 21.

^{page 76 note 2} JRAS, 1955, 16.

^{page 76 note 3} JRAS, 1955, 71.

^{page 76 note 4} Luders, H., ZDMG, xcv, 2, 1941, 260Google Scholar ff.; F. Edgerton, Bud. Hyb. Sansk. diet., B.v. nivasta-.

^{page 76 note 5} Siddhasāra 5 r 4;4 r 4

^{page 76 note 6} H. Lüders and K. L. Janert, Mathurā inscriptions, p. 53, 89 c2

^{page 76 note 7} M. Mayrhofer, Concise etym. Sansk. diet., s.v. maṇḍayati leaves all connexions uncertain

^{page 76 note 8} Siddhasāra, 103 v 4.

^{page 77 note 1} G. Morgenstieroe, IIFL, n, 226, 529.

^{page 77 note 2} G. Morgenstieme, EVP, s.v.

^{page 77 note 3} E 2.16; P 2893.38; Siddhasāra 100 v 2.

^{page 77 note 4} IIFL, n, 78, 223.

^{page 77 note 5} W. Caland, Bavdhāyana-śrauta-sūtra 6.5, vol. i, p. 161. Here a mechanical rendering from the commentary by ‘Pflugstrick’ is offered.

^{page 77 note 6} čeČen, Inguš, and Batsbi.

^{page 77 note 7} Genko, A., Zapiski kollegii vostokovedov, v, Izprošlogo InguSej. On alxeli, TPS, 1959, 98.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 1} B. Collinder, Fenno-Ugric vocabulary, 131.

^{page 78 note 2} TPS, 1959, 75, 97; TPS, 1960, 87.

^{page 78 note 3} Gr. Bd. 228.10.

^{page 78 note 4} SR 16; zSR 4.50.2; Mitteliran. Mundarten, 6.5.

^{page 78 note 5} TPS, 1959, 107 ff.

^{page 78 note 6} TPS, 1959, 108.

^{page 78 note 7} Morgenstierne, G., Felicitation volume presented to S. K. Belvalkar, 93; EVP, 47.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 8} Lüders, H., Die śākischen Mūra, 763; ‘Kusanica’, BSOAS, XIV, 3, 1952, 422Google Scholar(where it was unsuitably proposed to see in this name mar ‘word’ from older manθra-); H. Lüders and K. L. Janert, Mathurā inscriptions, p. 171.

^{page 78 note 9} Mēnōk ī xrat, ed. Anklesaria, 1.115.

^{page 79 note 1} If Alan Sat'inik, the name of the princess, is originally a word meaning ‘female ruler’, to be compared with Oss. Sātānā;, the typical mistress of the Nart family system, the word sātar- will have had a favourable meaning in some Iraniangroups. See Annali 1st. Univ. Orient. Napoli, Sez. Ling., i, 2, 1959, 136.

^{page 79 note 2} In the Gathic phrase Yasna 51.12 vaēpyō kәvīnō we must see the satiric poet who holds Zaraθuštra at bay (the vaēp- is that preserved in the Armenianloan-word vēp ‘narrative’). One is reminded of the tale of king Fedlimid to whom the satiric poet Gulide sought to refuse hospitality, see M. Dillon, The cycles of the kings, 33.

^{page 79 note 3} TPS, 1956, 88–90. Sogd. m'V (P 2.1152) hardly here.

^{page 79 note 4} The Armenian met- expressing the introspective ethos of repentance, guilt, and sin seems to be completely excludedand to represent one of Bartholomae's less felicitous etymologies in A1W. More satisfactory is Stig Wikander's Der arische Männerbund, who has caught the earlier ethos, although one need not demand closely knit and secret groups or clubs.

^{page 79 note 5} Zor. Pahl. mar may be either an inherited west Iranian word or a transcription from the Avestan tradition. Note how nar ‘male’ can represent nara- or narya- in meaning, although the word nērōk ‘strength’ is the direct descendant of narya-.

^{page 79 note 6} H. Lommel in Yašt 17.12 translated by ‘Unmensch’.

^{page 79 note 7} Not from psar- ‘beashamed’, see BSOAS, xxi, 3, 1958, 544

^{page 80 note 1} Pokomy, IEW, 738.

^{page 80 note 2} Pāzand, ed. Antia, p. 4, pa dast.

^{page 80 note 3} That is, Hōm.

^{page 80 note 4} The word bast is omitted after zndk; it is found after mar in the gloss corresponding in Yasna 11.7 below.

^{page 80 note 5} Anklesaria, Zand-ākāsīh, p. 196, cap. 24.22, rendered ‘is living’, as if zīvandak, in an attempt to fit the text to the context.

^{page 80 note 6} J. M. Unvālā, Neryosangh's Sanskrit version of the Hōm yašt, p. 92 S.

^{page 80 note 7} ‘sym’n is written for ‘symyn *asēmēn, in place of ’synyn.

^{page 80 note 8} BSOAS, xx, 1957, 47.

^{page 81 note 1} Pokorny, IEW, 1109; Henning, W. B., BSOAS, x, 1, 1939, 104.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 2} Henning, W. B., BS0AS, x, 1, 1939, 104Google Scholar, who corrected the reading from nnt-.

^{page 81 note 3} This view was hesitatingly approved in my Zoroastrian problems, 171.

^{page 81 note 4} BSOAS, xx, 1957, 53.

^{page 81 note 5} H. Pedersen, Vergleichende Grammalik d. Jceltischen Sprachen, II, 479.

^{page 81 note 6} Pamiatnilei narodnogo tvorĕestva Osetin, v, 180–1 (Iron); Iron ādāmonsfäldistād, 1961, I, 270 ff. (Digoron). For xātiāgāu, Pam., II, 28; Pam., v, 169.

^{page 81 note 7} Texts on the zandīk are discussed by H. H. Schaeder, Iranische Beiträge, I. Earlier see E. W. West, The Book of the Mainyo-i-khrad, pp. 222–3. M. Mole, Oriens, XIII–XIV, 1961, 1–28.

^{page 82 note 1} Frahang ī Pahlavīk, ed. H. Junker, 2nd ed., p. 24.

^{page 82 note 2} asōrīk, Draxt, § 41, BSOS, II, 4, 1923, 658Google Scholar

^{page 82 note 3} M. Longworth Dames, Popular poetry of the Baloches, 44, 188; G. W. Gilbertson, English-Balochi dictionary, s.v. stout.

^{page 82 note 4} BSOAS, xx, 1957, 47.

^{page 82 note 5} A doubt may be felt if Bal. ‘narrow’ is compared since this seems certainly to correspond to NPers.tang which may have either -nk- or -ng-.Khotanese has ttaṃga- ‘scarce’ and Ossetic tänäg ‘thin’.

^{page 82 note 6} G. Morgenstierne, IIFL, I, 254.

^{page 82 note 7} W. Geiger, Etymologie des BalūČī, p. 18, no. 99; G. W. Gilbertson, Engl.-Bal. diet., s.v. fool.

^{page 82 note 8} BSOAS, xx, 1957, 44 ff.

^{page 82 note 9} Yāska's hesitant alternative connexion with ghan-‘strike’ (working with a depleted vocabulary) is preferred in Alsdorf, L., Beiträge zur Geschichte von Vegetarismus und Binderverehrung in Indien, 1961Google Scholar. The Zoroastrian appreciation of flesh foods is well known in the Pahlavi text Husrau lit rētak-ē;, §§ 22, 30, including varāz and gāv.

^{page 83 note 1} G. Morgenstierne, IIFL, n, 545, 452.

^{page 83 note 2} Pokorny, IEW, 1030. Sogdian in P 5.57; Dhyāna 214 γry t'r‘top of mountain’; Dhyāna 48, 383, 387, 402.

^{page 83 note 3} Cited earlier BSOAS, xxi, 3,1958, 539. Khot. ninārra-‘innerpart of hand’ in KT, iv, 112.

^{page 83 note 4} Other connected words are quoted TPS, 1961, 134 ff.

^{page 83 note 5} Provisionally BSOAS, xxi, 3, 1958, 538–9; xxin, 1, 1960, 27.

^{page 84 note 1} NTS, i, 1928, 55; IIFL, ii, 212. Tor DI q from g we have also D qäzä, I qāz ‘reed’, Khot. gaysa-.

^{page 84 note 2} Pamiatniki, v, 217, Iron t'äpän säbäglc änänyv.

^{page 84 note 3} Henning, W. B., BSOAS, XI, 3,1945,478Google Scholar; id., Sogdica, 61,62,64; Benveniste, E., JA, CCXLIII, 3, 1955, 329Google Scholar.

^{page 84 note 4} Hübschmann, AG, 252, uunecessarily doubted the word.

^{page 84 note 5} P‘austos Biuzandae’i, ed. 1914, p. 332; M. Lauer, translation, p. 211.

^{page 84 note 6} No solution in Adjarian, Arm. etym. WurzelwÕrterbuch.

^{page 84 note 7} Above, p. 77. For Alans in the Caucasus see also V. Minorsky, A history of Sharvān and Darband, 107, with references.

^{page 85 note 1} Ju. D. Dešeriev, Batsbijskij jazyk, p. 370.

^{page 85 note 2} 0. Hansen, Berliner sogdische Texte, n, 9.51.

^{page 85 note 3} D. čubinov, K'art'ul-rusvii lek‘sik’oni; R. Meckelein, Georgisch-deutsches Wōrterbuch.

^{page 85 note 4} Wardrop, O., JRAS, 1911, 2, 628Google Scholar; Deeters, G., Caucasica, Fasc. i, 1927, 40Google Scholar; Bleichsteiner, R., Die Indogermanen- und Germanenfrage, 1936, 473Google Scholar.

^{page 85 note 5} Loan-word, GIP, i, Anhang, 9; Stājy carmdāräg, 1466, 1467 for Georg. t‘abak’-i; for ‘drum’ Ibid., 1414.

^{page 85 note 6} Eastern Turkish, Caucasian Balkar; also in Qabardei.

^{page 85 note 7} G. Morgenstierne, EVP, 80.

^{page 85 note 8} Henning, W. B., BS0AS, xi, 3, 1945, 479Google Scholar; Bouda, K., ZDMG, xciii, 1, 1939, 66Google Scholar.

^{page 85 note 9} Asadī's lexicon, ed. Teheran, 103: tabaq-ē bāšad; Henning, Sogdica, 47–8. For the base mak- note that Tocharian B, Kuci, has māk-, mak- ‘to run’.

^{page 85 note 10} Kabardinsko-Russkij slovar';, 1957, s.v.

^{page 85 note 11} W. Radlov, Opyt slovarja tjurskix nareČij: Uigur, čayatai, Osmanli, and other dialects.

^{page 86 note 1} A mirror is named by an adjective also in Turkish, but here by the sense ‘round’: čuvaš tōgōr ‘mirror’, whence Hung, tükÕr, Krim Tatar tōgäräk ‘round, round disk’.

^{page 86 note 2} The verb zgad- is now known in Khot. -ysgad-, E 6.101 haysgasta-, E 6.37 vaysgasta-, later P 2787.175, KT, ii, 108 bāraina vaiysgasta ‘descended from his horse’; Sogd. Bud. βzγδ-,’ωzγδ- (Benveniste, E., JA, CCXLIII, 3, 1955, 336Google Scholar), Chr. (Ibid., 315) ’zgd-, mzgd ‘he mounted’, Man. ’w;žγδ ‘to dismount’ (Henning, BBB, p. 60), and Pašto zγaldm, zγāstәl ‘run, flee’, SangléČī zS- ‘flow (IIFL, n, 311), Paraci uzg-: uzgi ‘descend’ (IIFL, i, 238).

^{page 86 note 3} H. Reichelt, Avesta reader, 35, has which occurs in the Nigāyišn 1.1 beside .

^{page 86 note 4} On Avestan aém, W. B. Henning, Asiatica: Festschrift F. Weller, 289 ff., and E. Benveniste, Festgabe für H. Lommel, 19.

^{page 86 note 5} Below, p. 87, the Atharvaveda passage is cited where also birds are concerned.

^{page 86 note 6} Gr. Bd. 153.15.

^{page 87 note 1} Rendiconti, Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, LXXVIII, 1944–5, 68–9.

^{page 87 note 2} Secondary use in the Nigāyišn, see K. Geldner,GIP, n, 8.

^{page 87 note 3} M. Vasmer, SEW, in, 11.

^{page 87 note 4} It may derive from an interchangeable fourfold initial whichgave with p the forms p, sp, ph, sph. According to Edgerton, F., Language, XXXIV, 4, 1958, 445–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar, the s- mobile was due to juncture changes.

^{page 87 note 5} NTS, II, 1929, 202, 263;NTS, VII, 1934, 109; NTS, XII, 1942, 193, 126.

^{page 87 note 6} For these passages K. Geldner, Ülbersetzung, has ‘Hohe’, ‘Scheitelpunkt’, ‘Sonne’, ‘Höhepunkt des Sonnes’; L. Renou, ‘le domaine du fauve soleil’; and Șdiese drei Flächen’; Renou, Șces trois surfaces’.

^{page 88 note 1} Hübschmann, AG, 252.

^{page 88 note 2} G. Morgenstierne, IIFL, II, 245.

^{page 88 note 3} Vs. Miller, ‘Die Sprache der Osseten’, GIP, I, Anhang, 9.

^{page 88 note 4} Recently see Benveniste, E., JA, CCXXXVI, 2, 1948, 183Google Scholarff.

^{page 89 note 1} N. Poppe, Vergleichende Grammatik der altaischen Sprachen, I, 13.

^{page 89 note 2} BSOAS, XXIII, 1,1960, 39, supplementing an earlier article in BSOAS, XXI, 3, 1958, 525–6.

^{page 89 note 3} W. B. Henning, Sogdica, 4.

^{page 89 note 4} Hedin 23.22 and Siddhasāra 153 V 5, quoted in KT, IV, 132.

^{page 89 note 5} Siddhasāra 126 V 3.

^{page 89 note 6} In PHMA, Ht. 7, 1961, 133, W. Wüist would maintain a connexion of álakam and Ossetic āläqātä.

^{page 90 note 1} E. Sieg, Der Nachtweg der Sonne nach der vedischen Anschauung, p. 3.

^{page 90 note 2} Annali 1st. Univ. Orient. Napoli, Sez. Ling., I, 2, 1959, 113 ff.

^{page 90 note 3} Perhaps too concisely since I see that the view I was setting aside is attributed to me in Indo-Iranian Journal, V, 3, 1962, 219–20, in W. Eilers's interesting paper ‘Iranisches Lehngut im arabischen Lexikon’.

^{page 90 note 4} TPS, 1960, 82 ff.

^{page 90 note 5} BSOS, VIII, 2–3, 1936, 664.

^{page 90 note 6} J. Endzelin, Lettische Grammatik, 576.

^{page 91 note 1} The list occurs several times, as in Maitrāyaṇīya saṃihitā 3.12.6, ed. L. von Schröder, III, p. 162. Recently quoted by Kuiper, F. B. J. in the Indo-Iranian Journal, IV, 4,1960, 265.Google Scholar

^{page 91 note 2} Cited in TPS, 1960, p. 79, n. 2; the text is in Khotanese texts, v, now in thehands of the printer.

^{page 91 note 3} TPS, I960, 73.

^{page 91 note 4} Pamiatnilci, v, 180.

^{page 91 note 5} Iron ādämon sfäldistād, 1961, I, 268.

^{page 91 note 6} Jazyki Dagestana(Akademija Nauk, Dagestan base), 1948, 119.

^{page 91 note 7} Sādjy cārmdārāg 818 and 1356.

^{page 91 note 8} TPS, 1960.