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The Origins of the National Association of Life Underwriters*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2012

Harris Proschansky
Affiliation:
Ph.D., New York University

Abstract

Behind the formation, in 1890, of the National Association of Life Underwriters lay two decades of localized, often abortive attempts at self-regulation through association. Malpractice, while not universal, was sufficiently widespread to hinder the growth of a broad market for life insurance. Early regulatory efforts failed when the organizers of those efforts were unable to solve the administrative problems of dealing with apathy on the one hand and defiance on the other. But these failures paved the way for renewed efforts. When, at last, a number of widely scattered associations had succeeded in accomplishing reforms, thereby solidifying member support, the stage was set for organization on a national scale.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 1955

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References

1 What are trade associations? In the words of an official publication of the United States Department of Commerce: “A trade association may be defined as a nonprofit, cooperative, voluntarily-joined, organization of business competitors designed to assist its members and its industry in dealing with mutual business problems in several of the following areas: accounting practices, business ethics, commercial and industrial research, standardization, statistics, trade promotion, and relations with Government, employees, and the general public.” [Judkins, Jay, National Associations of the United States (Washington, D. C., 1949), p. viiiGoogle Scholar.] Trade associations may be distinguished from chambers of commerce, which have as a principal aim the development and uplifting of all business and civic life in the community, and which have a wider base of membership in that they include not only businessmen but also other citizens in widely different fields of endeavor.

2 Idem.

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19 Index, III, no. 1 (Jan., 1874), 8–9.

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25 Ibid., pp. 422–3.

26 Ibid., pp. 424–7.

27 For example, the wholesale drug business after the panic of 1873 witnessed malpractices quite reminiscent of life insurance of the corresponding period. See National Wholesale Druggists' Association, A History of the National Wholesale Druggists' Association from Its Organization to Nineteen-Twenty-Four: Half a Century of Constructive Service (New York, 1924), p. 16Google Scholar.

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31 Ibid., no. 5 (9 Dec. 1869), 91.

32 Baltimore Underwriter, VI, no. 2 (Aug., 1870), 48. Its exact date of formation is not known.

33 National Association of Life Underwriters, Proceedings of Thirteenth Annual Convention (15–17 Oct. 1902), p. 119.

34 Insurance Index, I, no. 6 (June, 1872), 259.

35 Chronicle, X, no. 9 (29 Aug. 1872), 138. The Northwestern Review of 28 Aug. 1872, also noted its formation (VII, no. 8, 508).

36 Rough Notes, XXXI, no. 8 (25 Dec. 1902), 176.

37 Baltimore Underwriter, VIII, no. 10 (Oct., 1872), 580.

38 Ibid., X, no. 11 (11 Sept. 1873), 202.

39 Index, II, no. 4 (April, 1873), 134.

40 Ibid., pp. 134–5.

41 Baltimore Underwriter, XI, no. 26 (25 June 1874), 526.

43 Ibid., XIV, no. 1 (1 July 1875), 8–9.

44 Ibid., XVI, no. 1 (6 July 1876), 5.

45 Ibid., p. 6.

46 Ibid., XVII, no. 25 (2 June 1877), 405. The Cleveland Association apparently had already passed out of existence in 1875. The last reference to it that could be found was in the October, 1875, issue of the Insurance Monitor (XXIII, no. 10, 666).

47 Ibid., no. 26 (28 June 1877), 416–7.

48 Ibid., p. 415.

49 Ibid., LIII, no. 6 (20 Mar. 1895), 148.

50 Complete text of the constitution and bylaws appeared in the Avalanche, II, no. 9 (30 Sept. 1872), 164.

51 Coast Review, V, no. 2 (Nov., 1873), 59.

52 Avalanche, III, no. 3 (31 March 1873), 47. The account of the organizing of this body was reprinted from the St. Joseph Gazette of 8 March 1873.

53 This copy is in the Library of the Insurance Society of New York.

54 Proceedings of this meeting appeared in the Baltimore Underwriter, XII, no. 9 (27 Aug. 1874), 166–8.

55 These statements are based upon information contained in a paper delivered by Chauncey M. Ransom and entitled “Origins and Growth, Present and Future of the Life Underwriters' Association,” read on 15 September 1897, at the eighth annual convention of the National Association of Life Underwriters in Milwaukee.

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60 The experience of the Life Underwriters' Association of Chicago was not typical. Its constitution was very brief. The object of the group was “to promote sociability among the members and to discuss the various business questions that may, from time to time, come up.” Details of the organizing meeting are given in the Spectator, XXVII, no. 13 (29 Sept. 1881), 541. The only further reference to the organization in trade journals was in connection with a resolution, adopted in 1882, mourning the death of the general agent in whose office the organizing meeting had been held. See Index, XI (March-April, 1882), 84. It apparently existed for only a very short period.

61 Standard, XXVIII, no. 2 (11 Jan. 1891), 55. The facts as to the founding of the Boston Association are taken from a speech delivered by Ben S. Calef in January, 1891, before the Boston Life Underwriters' Association at its monthly meeting.

62 Standard, XX, no. 18 (30 April 1887), 386. This contains the text of the law.

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64 Standard, XIX, no. 4 (24 July 1886), 51.

65 Ibid., p. 199.

66 Ibid., XXV, no. 1 (6 July 1889), 1.

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68 National Association of Life Underwriters, Proceedings of First Annual Convention (18–19 June 1890), p. 63.