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Turkish-Israeli military co-operation: changing implications for Greece and Cyprus1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2016

Amikam Nachmani
Amikam Nachmani*
Affiliation:
Bar-Ilan University, Israel
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Extract

In order to fully grasp the dynamics of the trilateral relations between Israel, Turkey, and Greece today, one must look first to the history of their mutual interrelations in the last 50 years, that is, from the time of the establishment of the State of Israel.

Type
Articles
Information
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , Volume 22 , 1998 , pp. 136 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © The Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies, University of Birmingham 1998

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References

2. In Nachmani, Amikam, Israel, Turkey and Greece. Uneasy relations in the East Mediterranean (London 1987) 75.Google Scholar

3. Ibid., 68–69.

4. Ibid., 94: non-attributable interview.

5. Dankwart, A. Rustow, Turkey: America’s Forgotten Ally (New York 1987) 109–10.Google Scholar

6. HA’ARETZ, daily newspaper (Hebrew), 30 July 1996; Yedioth Ahronoth, daily newspaper (Hebrew), 8 April 1996; Manufacturers Association of Israel, Section for Foreign Trade and International Contacts, ‘Considerations for Establishing a Free Trade Region between Turkey and Israel’, Draft B, Tel Aviv, August 1993 (Hebrew); Gurkan, Ihsan, ‘Turkish-Israeli Relations and the Middle East Peace Process’, Turkish Review of Middle East Studies (formerly: Studies on Turkish Arab Relations) 7 (1993) 130 Google Scholar; HA’ARETZ, 23 June 1997.

7. Major General Alex Tal, GOC Israeli Navy, Yedioth Ahronoth, 18 October 1996.

8. Mughisuddin, Oya Akgonenc, ‘Perceptions and Misconceptions in the Making of Foreign Diplomacy: a Study of Turkish-Arab Attitudes until the End of the 1970s’, Turkish Review of Middle East Studies 7 (1993) 164 Google Scholar. See also Robins, Philip, Turkey and the Middle East (London 1991) 114 Google Scholar: ‘Many Arabs … regard the Turks as bad Muslims, while many Turks regard the others as backward because of their fusion of the spiritual and the temporal’.

9. HA’ARETZ, 26 May 1996, 4 August 1996, 9 August 1996, 8 December 1996; Hurriyet, daily newspaper (Turkish), 2 June 1996; Zaman, daily newspaper (Turkish), 31 October 1996; Yedioth Ahronoth, 21 June 1996.

10. The Economist, Survey Turkey, 8 June 1996.

11. Aksiyon Magazine, 18–24 May 1996 (Turkish), published what seems to be an accurate copy of the agreement, signed by General Cevik Bir, the Turkish Deputy Chief of Staff, and David Ivry the General Director of the Israeli Defence Ministry.

12. Quoted in Yedioth Ahronoth, 21 June 1996.

13. HA’ARETZ, 15 January 1996; 7 February 1996; 26 May 1996.

14. HA’ARETZ, 30 April 1996; 30 December 1996.

15. Reprinted in HA’ARETZ, 17 June 1996.

16. HA’ARETZ, 12 April 1996. See also Syrian TV, 11 May 1996, 21:30 hours, report on meeting between the Syrian Foreign Minister A’Shara and Constantine Georgiou, Secretary General of the Greek Foreign Ministry.

17. HA’ARETZ, 28 and 31 August 1997.

18. Quoted in HA’ARETZ, 7 April 1996.

19. HA’ARETZ, 12 September 1996; Syria Times, 27 April 1996; al ‘Ousbou al ‘Arabi, (Beirut, weekly, Arabic), 15 April 1996, 29 April 1996; al ‘Shrook (United Arab Emirates, weekly, Arabic), No. 210, 15–21 April 1996.

20. Al’ Mshahid al ‘Siasi (London, weekly, Arabic), 12–18 May 1996; al “Watan al ‘Arabi (Paris, weekly, Arabic) 17 May 1996; al ‘Siasa al ‘Dowliah (Cairo, quarterly, Arabic) July 1996.

21. HA’ARETZ, 29 January 1997.

22. Mazis, Ioannis Th., Archives of Economie History, vol. VII, No. 1-2, January-December 1996, p. 2.Google Scholar

23. See the findings of Volkan, Vamik D. and Itzkowitz, Norman, Turks and Greeks. Neighbours in Conflict (Huntingdon 1994) 167 Google Scholar: Contents analysis research commissioned by the Argean Foundation in 1987 on reports and editorials in the Greek press on Turkey, in general, and on Turkish-Greek relations, in particular, indicated that such material appeared in the Greek press more frequently than any other topic. In Turkey, on the other hand, such material on Turkish-Greek relations ranked only sixteenth in the Turkish Press…. Furthermore, when the length of all the news items about Turkey in the Greek press was compared to that about Greece in the Turkish press, the Greek press devoted six times more space than did their Turkish counterparts.

24. HA’ARETZ, 29 January 1997, 5 October 1997, 27 October 1997.

25. Curiel, Ran, Israeli Ambassador in Athens, Express (Greek), 20 July 1997 Google Scholar. See also interviews with the Ambassador in Eleftherotypia Kiryakatiki (Greek), 6 July 1997.

26. Athens News Agency, Daily News Bulletin (DNB), 3 September 1996.Google Scholar

27. HA’ARETZ, 29 January 1997.

28. The Economist, Survey Turkey, 8 June 1996; Turkish Daily News, Reprinted in HA’ARETZ, 17 September 1996; HA’ARETL, 10 March 1997; DNB, 9 April 1996, 5 August 1996.

29. DNB, 14 November 1996; ‘Greece’s Armed Forces Modernize’, Cosmos (Athens Institute of International Affairs, Panteion University) 2/1 (May-June 1997).Google Scholar

30. DNB, 19 August 1996, 18 December 1996.

31. HA’ARETZ, 25 February 1997.

32. HA’ARETZ, 30 September 1997.