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I The Disputed Regency of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1264/6 and 1268

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2009

Extract

Of the surviving sources for the internal history of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 1260s, the collection of materials on the regency (bailliage) disputes of 1264 (or 1265 or 1266) and 1268 is among the most important. It helps explain the rise to power of Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan (King Hugh III of Cyprus) and also sheds much light on contemporary legal concepts and procedures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1979

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References

1 Labbe, P., L'Abregé royal de l'alliance chronologique de l'histoire sacrée el profane, … avec le Lignage d'outre-mer, les assises de Jérusalem et un recueil historique de pièces ancienne (Paris, 1651), i, pp. 514–41.Google Scholar

2 G. Thaumas de La Thaumassière, Coustumes de Beauvoisis, par Messire Philippes de Beaumanoir Bailly de Clermont en Beauvoisis. Assises et bans usages du royaume de Jerusalem, par Messire Jean d'Ibelin Comte de Japhe & d'Ascalon, S. de Rames & de Baruth. Et autres anciennes coutumes Le tout tiré des Manuscrits (Bourges, 1690), pt 1, pp. 195–208.

3 ‘Documents relatifs à la successibilité au trône et à la régence’, R[ecueil des] H[istoriens des] C[roisades.] Lois, ii, pp. 401–19.Google Scholar

4 See Grandclaude, M., ‘Classement sommaire des manuscrits des principaux livres des Assises de Jérusalem’, Revue historique de droit français et étranger, sér. 4, v (1926), 450, 462–3, 475Google Scholar; Brayer, E., Lemerle, P., Laurent, V., ‘Le Vaticanus latinus 4789: histoire et alliances des Cantacuzènes aux XIVe–XVe siècles’, Revue des études byzantines, ix (1951), 4750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 See Richard, J., Chypre sous les Lusignans. Documents chypriotes des archives du Vatican (XIVe et XVe siècles) (Paris, 1962), pp. 123–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Someone, presumably a member of his family or household, has marked all the references to members of the Floury family in the manuscript. See below, p. 28, n. d and p. 30, n. e, and also fos, cclxxxvr, cclxxxviijr, ccxcv, ccxcjr.

6 See Grandclaude, , ‘Classement sommaire’, 450, 453, 462.Google Scholar

7 John of Ibelin, ‘Livre’, RHC. Lois, i, p. 6.Google Scholar

8 The ‘Documents relatifs’ consists of (a) part of the first chapter of the legal treatise by James of Ibelin (RHC. Lois,i, pp. 453–4Google Scholar) which had also been inserted into the 1369 version of John of Ibelin's treatise (Cod. Vat. lat. 4789, fo. ccxxxvr–v); (b) a treatise on the bailliage by John of Ibelin (see Grandclaude, ‘Classement sommaire’, 460 (‘un fragment d'une consultation donnée par Jean d'Ibelin’); (c) the materials for the regency disputes of the 1260s (Cod. Vat. lat. 4789, fo. ccxliiijr- fo. cclxviv); (d) an account of the accession of King Hugh IV of Cyprus, also from the 1369 version of John of Ibelin's treatise (Cod. Vat. lat. 4789, fo. cclxiijv-fo. cclxviv).

9 In particular: L. de Mas Latrie, Histoire de l'île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan (Paris, 18521861), i, pp. 339408, 424–8Google Scholar; La Monte, J. L., Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100 to 1291 (Cambridge, Mass., 1932), pp. 51, 75–9Google Scholar; Hill, G. F., A History of Cyprus (Cambridge, 19401952), ii, pp. 152–4, 161–3Google Scholar; Riley-Smith, J. S. C., The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277 (London, 1973), pp. 218–22Google Scholar and passim.

10 See Grandclaude, , ‘Classement sommaire’, 450–2, 471–4.Google Scholar

11 Ibid., 451.

12 For important instances, see below, pp. 33–4, 36. Beugnot was similarly ignorant of a section from the ‘Lignages d'Outremer’ also omitted by the copyist of Carpentras 1786. See Edbury, P. W., ‘The Ibelin counts of Jaffa: a previously unknown passage from the “Lignages d'Outremer”’, English Historical Review, lxxxix (1974), 604–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

13 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobitily, p. 222.Google Scholar

14 For a full discussion, see Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, pp. 185–98, 209–17, 318–20.Google Scholar

15 ‘L'estoire de Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la Terre d'Outremer’, RHC. Historiens Occidentaux, ii, p. 448.Google Scholar

16 Hugh would have reached his majority on his fifteenth birthday. Both Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan and Maria of Antioch (see below, chaps, 11, 12) stated that he was not of age at the time of his death in November or December 1267. (See below, note 19; also ‘Les Lignages d'Outremer’, RHC. Lois, ii, p. 444Google Scholar.) His birth cannot therefore have been before November/December 1252, but, as his father died on 18 January 1253, it cannot have been later than mid-1253, even allowing for the unsupported possibility that it was posthumous.

17 Clement IV, Registre, ed. Jordan, E. (Paris, 18931945)Google Scholar, no. 882. For the only near-contemporary statement that the marriage actually took place, see ‘Lignages’, p. 444.Google Scholar

18 Plaisance of Antioch's parents were married in 1234 (‘Annales de Terre Sainte’, ed. R. Röhricht and G. Raynaud, Archives de l'Orient latin, ii (1884), pt 2, p. 439Google Scholar), and so presumably she cannot have been aged more than about twenty five at the time of her death in 1261. Hugh I died aged twenty-three. See Hill, , History of Cyprus, ii, p. 82Google Scholar. For Henry I as Henry ‘Gras’, see ‘Documents relatifs à la successibilité’, p. 420Google Scholar; ‘Les Gestes des Chiprois’, RHC. Documents Arméniens, ii, pp. 670, 741, 756, 769.Google Scholar

19 The sources vary as to the exact date: November 1267 (‘Eracles’, p. 456Google Scholar; ‘Gestes’, p. 769Google Scholar; Sanudo, Marino, ‘Liber secretorum fidelium crucis’, ed. Bongars, J., Gesta Dei per Francos (Hanover, 1611), ii, p. 223Google Scholar) and 5 December 1267 (‘Annales’, p. 453Google Scholar (wrongly naming him Henry); ‘Chronique d'Amadi’, ed. de Mas Latrie, R., Chroniques d'Amadi et de Strambaldi (Paris, 18911893), i, p. 209).Google Scholar

20 Thesaurus novus anecdotorum, ed. Martène, E. and Durand, U. (Paris, 1717)Google Scholar, i, cols. 1013–14.

21 Clement IV, no. 838; ‘Annales’, p. 452Google Scholar; ‘Eracles’, pp. 450, 455Google Scholar; ‘Gestes’, pp. 759, 766Google Scholar; Marino Sanudo, p. 222; ‘Amadi’, p. 207Google Scholar. See Hill, , History of Cyprus, ii, p. 154.Google Scholar

22 ‘Gestes’, pp. 759, 766Google Scholar. See also ‘Eracles’, pp. 450, 455.Google Scholar

23 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 217.Google Scholar

24 Alexander IV, Registre, ed. de la Ronciere, C. Bourel et al. (Paris, 18951959)Google Scholar, no. 71.

25 His mother's relations were all equally closely related to Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan. On his father's side his nearest relative in the East seems to have been his second cousin, Julian of Sidon. See Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H., The Rupenides, Hethumides and Lusignans. The Structure of the Armeno-Cilician Dynasties (Paris, 1963)Google Scholar, table IX(B).

26 Thesaurus novus anecdotorum, i, col. 1014.

27 ‘Gestes’, p. 769Google Scholar. Ibn al-Furāt (Ayyubids, Mamlukes and Crusaders: Selections from the Tārīkh al-Duwal wa'l Mulūk, ed. and trans. U. and M. C. Lyons, with historical introduction and notes by J. S. C. Riley-Smith (Cambridge, 1971), ii, p. 129) stated that Hugh of Brienne was in Armenia on Hugh II's death and implied that his claim passed by default.

28 Hill, , History of Cyprus, ii, p. 171Google Scholar; Lourie, E., ‘An offer of the suzerainty and escheat of Cyprus to Alphonso III of Aragon by Hugh de Brienne in 1289’, English Historical Review, lxxxiv (1969), 101–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

29 ‘Opinio cujusdam suadentis regi Francie ut regnum Jerosolimitanum et Cipri acquireret pro altero filiorum suorum, ac de invasione regni Egipti’, ed. C.-V. Langlois in Pierre Dubois, De recuperatione Terre Sancte, (Paris, 1891), p. 140.Google Scholar

30 ‘Annales’, p. 453Google Scholar; ‘Eracles’, p. 456Google Scholar; ‘Gestes’, p. 771.Google Scholar

31 ‘Annales’, p. 453.Google Scholar

32 See La Monte, , Feudal Monarchy, p. 77Google Scholar. Mas Latrie (Histoire de Chypre, i, p. 424Google Scholar and n. 4) thought that the pleading pre-dated Conradin's death but was for the throne of Jerusalem. Riley-Smith (pp. 220–1 and nn. 173, 177–8) has interpreted chapter 11 as relating to the regency of Jerusalem and belonging to the period before Conradin's death and chapters 12–15 as relating to the throne and belong ing to the period after Conradin's death.

33 ‘Annales’, p. 454Google Scholar; ‘Eracles’, p. 457Google Scholar. Hugh III may have been crowned king of Cyprus as little as three weeks after the death of Hugh II.

34 See below, p. 11 and n. 41.

35 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 188.Google Scholar

36 ‘Gestes’, p. 773.Google Scholar

37 Hugh was said to be in fear of Charles as early as 1268 (Ibn al-Furāt, ii, p. 130).

38 See Richard, J., Le royaume latin de Jérusalem (Paris, 1953), p. 327Google Scholar; Bulst-Thiele, M. L., Sacrae Domus Militiae Templi Hierosolymitani Magistri: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Templerordens 1118/19–1314 (Göttingen, 1974), pp. 259–60, 263–5Google Scholar. See also ‘Gestes’, p. 779Google Scholar. There is some evidence that the Templars gave Maria support earlier (‘Gestes’, p. 773Google Scholar), but as late as June 1271, Thomas Berard, master of the Temple, witnessed a document in which Hugh III was described as king of both Jerusalem and Cyprus (Cartulaire général de l'ordre des Hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jérusalem (1100–1310), ed. Le Roulx, J. Delaville (Paris, 18941906)Google Scholar, no. 3422).

39 For Geoffrey of Sergines and the French garrison, see Richard, , Le royaume latin, pp. 297–8Google Scholar. For Robert of Crésèques and William of Canet, see Cartulaire général, nos. 3323, 3326; ‘Eracles’, pp. 458, 463Google Scholar; ‘Gestes’, p. 767.Google Scholar

40 ‘Annales’, p. 454Google Scholar; ‘Eraclcs’, p. 457.Google Scholar

41 Gregory X, Registre, ed. Guiraud, J. and Cadier, L. (Paris, 18921960), no. 103Google Scholar; ‘Gestes’, p. 773Google Scholar; ‘Amadi’, p. 211Google Scholar. See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 222.Google Scholar

42 See above, p. 4. See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, pp. 222–8.Google Scholar

43 For a description of this oath, see John of Ibelin, p. 312.

44 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, pp. 1416, 38.Google Scholar

45 See below, pp. 16–17.

46 These views were repeated by John of Ibelin (pp. 224–5) and Geoffrey Le Tor (‘Livre’, RHC. Lois, i, pp. 435–6Google Scholar). See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 219.Google Scholar

47 A Hugh of ‘Mazelria’ witnessed a charter issued by Balian of Sidon in 1228 (Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII–MCCXCI), compiled by R. Röhricht (Innsbruck, 1893, 1904), no. 986). He was probably the Hugh of ‘Mazarea’ who was a vassal of the lord of Beirut in 1223 (ibid., no. 963). Walter of Floury is known from a document of 1233, though without the title of Marshal (ibid., no. 1046). A John of Floury, marshal of Tiberias, is known from documents of 1261, 1262 and 1269 (ibid., nos. 12973, 1322, 1370; and see no. 1259). Elias Charles, a vassal of the lord of Caesarea, is known from documents of 1253 and 1255 (ibid., nos. 1210, 1233, 1238).

48 See Richard, , Le royaume latin, p. 253.Google Scholar

49 For the custom when seisin had been interrupted by Moslem occupation, see Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, pp. 1516.Google Scholar

50 For the family's genealogy, see ‘Lignages’, p. 455.Google Scholar

51 ‘Le Livre au Roi’, RHC. Lois, i, p. 630Google Scholar; Makhairas, Leontios, Recital concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled ‘Chronicle’, ed. and trans. Dawkins, R. M. (Oxford, 1932)Google Scholar, i, para. 106.

52 ‘Document relatif au service militaire’, RHC. Lois, ii, p. 431Google Scholar. See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 140.Google Scholar

53 Philip of Novara, ‘Livre’, RHC. Lois, i, p. 542.Google Scholar

54 See Geoffrey Le Tor, p. 436.

55 See below, p. 41.

56 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 222.Google Scholar

57 Ibid., pp. 210–12.

58 Innocent IV, Registre, ed. Berger, E. (Paris, 18811919)Google Scholar, no. 4427. See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 212.Google Scholar

59 Maria's elder son, John, was evidently in the West at this period (‘Catalogue d'actes des comtes de Brienne, 950–1356’, compiled by H. d'Arbois de Jubainville, Bibliothèque de l'École des Charles, xxxiii (1872), nos. 174–82).

60 See Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, pp. 214–17.Google Scholar

page 21 note a MS. chap. ccxcij (Beugnot, chap, iii, pp. 401–2).

page 21 note b The words come a celle … doudit Huge c[il] omitted by Beugnot.

* Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Codex Vaticanus latinus 4789, fo. ccxliiijr.

1 Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan, regent of Cyprus (1261–7), regent of Jerusalem (1264/6–9), king of Cyprus (as Hugh III, 1267–84), king of Jerusalem (1269–84).

2 Hugh, count of Brienne (1261–96), count of Lecce (1271–96).

3 Alice of Champagne, wife of King Hugh I of Cyprus, regent of Jerusalem (1243–6).

4 Henry I, king of Cyprus (1218–53), regent of Jerusalem (1246–53).

5 Hugh II, king of Cyprus (1253–67), titular regent of Jerusalem (1258–67).

6 Isabella of Lusignan, daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Champagne, regent of Jerusalem (1263–4).

7 Plaisance, daughter of Bohemond V of Antioch, third wife of Henry I, regent of Cyprus (1253–61), regent of Jerusalem (on behalf of her son, 1258–61); died 1261.

page 22 note a Suggested by Beugnot.

8 Henry of Antioch, a younger son of Bohemond IV, died 1276.

page 23 note a The words se vous conoisses … le doie; et omitted by Beugnot.

page 23 note b MS. chap. ccxciij (Beugnot, chap, iv, pp. 403–4).

page 23 note c MS. et mamere.

9 i.e. Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan, so-called because he was already regent (bailli) of Cyprus.

10 Maria of Lusignan, wife of Walter of Brienne.

page 24 note a The words qui sont en vie … plus prochains parens repeated by Beugnot.

page 24 note b MS. que repeated.

page 24 note c MS. assisise.

page 24 note d The words par lassise … ce royaume omitted by Beugnot.

page 25 note a Beugnot concludes se la court de ce royaume conoist que avoir le doie.

11 The Beduins were a Cypriot feudal family which attained some prominence in the fourteenth century. The earliest known members of the family are Arnulf and Thomas Beduin (presumably the man of that name mentioned here) who both witnessed the treaty between the Cypriots and Genoese of 1232 (Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani, no. 1049 (wrongly dated 1233)). Neither Otto Beduin nor Thomas of Malandre are otherwise known.

12 Philip of Novara, the Cypriot jurist and politician. The fact that the present tense (tient) is used of him here has been understood to mean that he was still alive at the time this speech was made. If so, this is the last known reference to him and establishes the date of his death as falling during or after 1264. See Paris, G., ‘Les Mémoires de Philippe de Novaire’, Revue de l'Orient latin, ix (1902), 166–7.Google Scholar

page 26 note a MS. chap. ccxciiij (Beugnot, chap, v, pp. 405–6).

page 26 note b This word is followed by en, struck out.

page 27 note a The words et tort apert … onques use omitted by Beugnot.

page 28 note a This word is followed by que, struck out.

page 28 note b MS. voyant.

page 28 note c The words les quels doivent … en ce royaume omitted by Beugnot.

page 28 note d In margin ci dit de le marschal de Flury in a fifteenth-century hand.

13 For the succession to Tiberias, see above, p. 13.

14 For Walter of Floury, Elias Charles and Hugh of Masaire, see above, p. 12 note 47.

page 29 note a The words se il conoissent … le doie omitted by Beugnot.

page 29 note b MS. chap. ccxcv (Beugnot, chap, vi, pp. 407–9).

page 29 note c The words vostre ainsneesce … la premiere omitted by Beugnot.

page 29 note d MS. avoir.

page 30 note a The words le doit avoir … raison y a omitted by Beugnot.

page 30 note b The words par les raisons … avant dites, ne omitted by Beugnot.

page 30 note c The words qui soil assise … ne se part omitted by Beugnot.

page 30 note d The words quil ne fu … conoissance de court. Et omitted by Beugnot.

page 30 note e Cross in margin.

page 30 note f The words na moi ennuire … je ai dit omitted by Beugnot.

page 31 note a The words ne a moi ennuire … centre moi omitted by Beugnot.

page 31 note b MS. mainsneece.

page 31 note c MS. lainsnee.

page 31 note d MS. et repeated.

page 31 note e The syntax of these lines is obscure as some words are evidently missing. The meaning, towever, seems clear enough.

15 Henry Le Bufle (fl. 1155–65) is last known from a document of March 1165 (Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani, no. 412). Stephen, count of Sancerre (1152–91) was in the East in 1171 (William of Tyre, ‘Historia Rerum in Partibus Transmarinis Gestarum’, RHC. Historiens Occidentaux, i, p. 988Google Scholar; see Robert of Torigny, ‘Chronica’, ed. R. Hewlett, Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (Rolls Series, 4 vols, 18841889), iv, p. 249).Google Scholar

page 32 note a The words qui si sont … Et ce il omitted by Beugnot.

page 32 note b Supplied from table of rubrics, fo. 16v.

page 32 note c MS. chap. ccxcvj (Beugnot, chap, vii, pp. 409–10).

page 32 note d This word is followed by que lains, struck out.

page 33 note a The passage beginning at this point and ending with the words je ais dites (p. 34, n. a) omitted by Beugnot.

page 33 note b MS. de la mainsne ou de la mainsnee.

16 Philip of Montfort, lord of Tyre (Sur) (c. 1246–70). The two Eschivas were the children of two brothers (Otto and Ralph of Tiberias) married to two sisters, the daughters of Helvis of Ibelin and Raynald of Sidon. Philip was the son of Helvis by her later marriage to Guy of Montfort. See ‘Lignages’, pp. 455, 461.

page 34 note a End of passage omitted by Beugnot.

page 34 note b The words si com il … autre fois dit omitted by Beugnot.

page 34 note c MS. le.

page 34 note d The words court, ne celle qui demandoit conseill omitted by Beugnot.

page 34 note e MS. de.

page 34 note f Beugnot concludes se la court conoist que je avoir le doie.

page 35 note a MS. chap. ccxcvij (Beugnot, chap, viii, pp. 410–12).

page 36 note a The words et qui est … celles vesquissent omitted by Beugnot.

page 36 note b The passage beginning at this point and ending with the words je ai dite (below, n. c) omitted by Beugnot.

page 36 note c End of passage omitted by Beugnot.

page 36 note d MS. devant.

page 37 note a MS. seignorns.

page 37 note b MS. chap. ccxcviij (Beugnot, chap, ix, pp. 412–13).

page 37 note c The words a qui ce royaume … dit oncle omitted by Beugnot.

17 Bohemond of Taranto, prince of Antioch (1098–1104); died 1111.

18 Raymond of St Gilles, count (as Raymond IV) of Toulouse (1088–1105), first count of Tripoli.

page 38 note a MS. ce repeated.

page 39 note a The words Pour toutes les … par aucun delles omitted by Beugnot.

page 39 note b MS. chap. ccxcix (Beugnot, chap, x, pp. 413–14).

page 40 note a MS. de celle.

page 40 note b There is clearly a phrase missing here. The reconstruction is based on the wording of the parallel passage, above p. 36.

page 40 note c The words pour chose que … si le veull omitted by Beugnot.

page 40 note d MS. nage.

page 41 note a The words au conquest … eust autre establi omitted by Beugnot.

page 41 note b MS. et repeated.

page 41 note c MS. chap. ccc (Beugnot, chap, xi, pp. 414–15).

page 41 note d This word followed by de struck out.

19 Geoffrey of Sergines had accompanied St Louis to the East in 1248. He was regent of Jerusalem from 1259 until 1263, and seneschal of Jerusalem and commander of the French garrison at Acre from 1254. He died 11 April 1269.

20 William, former bishop of Agen (1247–62), papal legate, patriarch of Jerusalem and bishop of Acre (1262/3–70).

21 The masters of the Military Orders.

22 The Italian mercantile communes.

23 The burgess confraternities.

page 42 note a MS. chap. cccj (Beugnot, chap, xii, p. 415).

page 42 note b MS. chap. cccij (Beugnot, chap, xiii, pp. 415–16).

24 Maria of Antioch, daughter of Melissende of Lusignan and Bohemond IV of Antioch, died 1307.

25 lege Chipre.

26 Thomas Berard (1256–73).

27 Hugh Revel (1258–77).

28 Anno of Sangerhausen (1257–74).

29 Unknown.

30 Michele Doro.

page 43 note a The words que nous ne … dire ne requerre omitted by Beugnot.

page 43 note b Supplied from table of rubrics, fo. 17r.

page 43 note c Supplied from table of rubrics, fo. 17r.

page 43 note d MS. chap. ccciij (Beugnot, chap, xiv, pp. 416–17).

31 John of Montfort, son of Philip, lord of Tyre (1270–83). He had inherited the lordship of Toron from his mother.

32 James Vidal (fl. 1249–77). For his career, see Riley-Smith, , Feudal Nobility, p. 37.Google Scholar

33 Bohemond IV, prince of Antioch (1201–33).

34 The final statement in the rubric is erroneous; the genealogical details given in the body of this chapter, however, are correct.

page 44 note a The words et la plus … la royne Yzabel omitted by Beugnot.

35 Isabella I, queen of Jerusalem (1190–1205).

36 Maria of Montferrat, queen of Jerusalem (1205–12).

37 Conrad of Montferrat, king-elect of Jerusalem, died 1192.

38 John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem (1210–25), co-ruler of the Latin Empire of Constantinople (1231–7).

39 Isabella II, queen of Jerusalem (1212–28).

40 Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, died 1250.

41 Conrad IV of Hohenstaufen, king of the Romans, died 1254.

42 Conradin (Conrad V) of Hohenstaufen, executed 1268.

43 Henry, count of Champagne (1181–97), ruler of Jerusalem (1192–7).

44 Melissende of Lusignan, wife of Bohemond IV.

45 Aimery of Lusignan, king of Cyprus (1196–1205), king of Jerusalem (1197–1205).

page 45 note a Supplied from table of rubrics, fo. 17r.

page 45 note b MS. chap. ccciiij (Beugnot, chap, xv, pp. 417–18).

page 45 note c MS. initial S decorated.

46 i.e., Conradin. Maria was in fact claiming from Isabella II.

page 46 note a MS. chap. cccv (Beugnot, chap, xvi, p. 418).

page 46 note b MS. si repeated.

page 47 note a MS. chap. cccvj (Beugnot, chap. xvii, pp. 418–19).

page 47 note b The words et que il … il faire devroient omitted by Beugnot.

page 47 note c MS. em.