^{page 303 note 1} See Braudel, F., La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen a l'Époque de Philippe II, (2nd ed., Paris, 1966), ii. 268Google Scholar, n. I, and Gachard, L. P., La Retraite et Mart de Charles-Quint au Monastère de Yuste, (Commission Royale d'Histoire, xiv; Brussels, 1855), ii, p. lviiGoogle Scholar. Further accounts of the loss of the archives can be found in A.G.S., E. 813, ff.23–4, 37.

^{page 303 note 2} Alvarez, Fernández, Tres Embajadores, 16Google Scholar. There exists in the Medinaceli archive a series of holograph private letters from Philip II to Feria during the winter of 1558–9. Thanks to the kindness of Dr P. D. Lagomarsino of Dartmouth College, we have been able to examine photocopies of these letters, but cannot cite them, in view of the imminent publication of the collection by the duke of Medinaceli's archivist. This correspondence does not, however, contradict or qualify anything we have said here.

^{page 303 note 3} Published as volume vii of the Memorias de la Real Academia de Historia de Madrid (Madrid, 1832)Google Scholar, see pp. 5–9. The long extract is indicated by asterisks in our text.

^{page 303 note 4} Jones, E., ‘John Lingard and the Simancas archives’, Hist. Journ. x (1967), esp. 61–75.Google Scholar

^{page 303 note 5} Documents from Simanacas relating to the reign of Elizabeth, ed. Hall, Spencer (1865), 38–42Google Scholar. The account of the interview published in the Apuntamientos is referred to in, for example, Tytler, P. F., England under the Reigns of Edward VI and Mary (1839), ii. 496–9Google Scholar, von Ranke, L., A History of England principally in the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1875), i. 224Google Scholar, and Lingard, J., The History of England (6th ed., 1854), v. 258–9.Google Scholar

^{page 304 note 1} History of England (1893), vi. 93–4, 117–18.Google Scholar

^{page 304 note 2} Rel. Pol., i. 255Google Scholar. Kervyn de Lettenhove printed in Rel. Pol. only documents from Simancas (together with those from London, Brussels and Vienna) that he considered relevant to his immediate subject. Volume i of the Conespondencia de Felipe II con sus Embajadores en la Corte de Inglaterra, 1558 á 1584 (Codoin, Ixxxvii; Madrid, 1886)Google Scholar deals with the embassies of Feria and the bishop of Aquila but prints only correspondence between the king and the ambassadors.

^{page 304 note 3} See 1558–67 (1892), xii–xiii; another version is printed in C.S.P.F., ii, pp. xii–xviiGoogle Scholar. C. S. P. Span. 1558–67 is basically a translation of Codoin, supplemented by the transcripts Froude compiled during his research at Simancas and deposited in the British Library (B.L., Add. MS 26056, vols. A-C), see p. iv. The editor, M.A.S. Hume, notes elsewhere his failure to locate Feria's dispatch at Simancas; Two English Queens, Mary and Elizabeth, and Philip (1908), 178–9Google Scholar. C.S.P.Span xiii, 1554–8Google Scholar, ed. Royall Tyler (1954), contains summaries of documents drawn from a much wider range of archives, but see below, p. 305 n. 1.

^{page 304 note 4} Jones, E., in Hist. Journ., x (1967), 72Google Scholar, and Read, C., Bibliography of British History: Tudor Period, 1485–1603 (2nd. ed., Oxford, 1959), 73Google Scholar, note on the Apuntamientos.

^{page 304 note 5} Conyers Read noted discrepancies between the versions printed by González, Tytler, Froude and Kervyn de Lettenhove, but believed Kervyn de Lettenhove to have transcribed from the original, see Mr. Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth (1955), 118–19Google Scholar, nn. 2–3. Emmison, F. G., Tudor Secretary, Sir William Petre at Court and Home (1961), 226Google Scholar, n.1, observed discrepancies between Tytler and Froude. SirNeale, John, ‘The accession of Queen Elizabeth’, Essays in Elizabethan History (1958), 46–7Google Scholar, employed Rel. Pol., while Hudson, W. S., The Cambridge Connection and the Elizabethan Settlement of 1559 (Durham, N.C., 1980), 12Google Scholar, used Froude and Tytler. On the other hand, no account of the interview can be found in MacCaffrey, W. T., The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime (Princeton, 1968)Google Scholar, Loades, , Mary Tudor (1979)Google Scholar, or Jones, N. L., Faith by Statute: Parliament and the Settlement of Religion, 1559 (Royal Hist. Soc., Studies in History, xxxii, 1982).Google Scholar

^{page 305 note 1} Dunn, W. H., James Anthony Froude (1818–1894), ii (Oxford, 1963). 291–3Google Scholar. Royall Tyler employed documents from the series K in C.S.P.Span., xiiiGoogle Scholar, but did not explore the archives of the quai d'Orsay.

^{page 305 note 2} Inventaire sommaire des Archives du Dipartement des Affaires Étrangères: Mémoires et Documents, Fonds Divers Paris, 1892)Google Scholar, see p. 174. Paz, J., Catálogo de Documentos Españoles existentes en el Archivo del Minnisterio de Negocios Extranjeros de Paris, (Madrid, 1932), see p. 97Google Scholar; pp. x–xi provide an account of Tirán's activities.

^{page 306 note 1} de La Plaza Bores, A., Archivo General de Simancas: Guía del Investigador (2nd ed., revised by Ascensión de La Plaza Santiago, Madrid, 1980), 105, 107, 111Google Scholar. The cartons still carry customs clearance labels issued by the Militärbefehlshaber in Frankreich, dated 16 Oct. 1941.

^{page 306 note 2} Bodleian Library, MS Ashmole 1729, f. 122, Philip to Elizabeth, 27 Jan. 1559 (this is the holograph original; A.G.S., E. 812, f. 19, printed in Rel. Pol., i. 409 is a copy). The best account of Feria's career to 1560 is found in Alvarez, Fernández, Tres Embajadores, 16–54.Google Scholar

^{page 306 note 3} Albèrt, F., Le Relazioni degli Ambasciatori Veneti al Senato durante il secolo decimosesto, 1st ser., iii (Florence, 1853), 243–4Google Scholar, v (1861), 69.

^{page 306 note 4} The duchess of Feria's later household servant Henry Clifford compiled a posthumous memoir: The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (ed. J. S[tevenson], 1887)Google Scholar. A modern account of her life in Spain can be found in Loomie, A. J., The Spanish Elizabethans: The English Exiles at the Court of Philip II (New York, 1963), 94–128Google Scholar. For the opposition to the marriage see Clifford, , Life, 103Google Scholar and Alvarez, Fernández, Tres Embajadores, 258, n. 10.Google Scholar

^{page 307 note 1} C.S.P. Ven., 1557–8, 1544Google Scholar, dispatch of 12 Nov. 1558.

^{page 307 note 2} The interview occurred at some point between 6 June 1558, when Feria reported that he would be visiting Elizabeth ‘on Friday’, and the 23rd when he reported that their discussions had been a great success and that he would inform Philip about them personally. Codoin, , lxxxvii. 61, 68Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span. xiii. 395, 400Google Scholar); see also Codoin, , lxxxvii. 54Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., xiii. 387Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 193Google Scholar) Feria to Philip, 18 May 1558 and answer, 27 May, C.S.P.Span., xiii. 390Google Scholar (Rel. Pol., i. 198Google Scholar).

^{page 307 note 3} Few of Córdoba's dispatches have survived, but the circumstances of his mission are described in Codoin, , lxxxvii. 63, 74Google Scholar and C.S.P.Span., xiii. 391–2, 401Google Scholar. In his instructions for Assonleville of 8 Aug. 1558 (Rel. Pol., i. 234Google Scholar), Philip described Córdoba as ‘notre agent ordinaire’.

^{page 307 note 4} (1528–1607), seigneur de Hauteville, doctor of law and son-in-law of the chancellor of Brabant. Entered the Netherlands conseil privé in 1555 as a follower of the bishop of Arras, see the biography in the Nationaal Biographisch Woordenboek (Brussels, 1966), ii. 370–1Google Scholar. For his mission see Codoin, , lxxxvii. 57–8, 75–6Google Scholar, C.S.P.Span., xiii. 391–2Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 234.Google Scholar

^{page 307 note 5} Córdoba's letter has not survived, but see Philip's answer of 22 Oct., A. G. S., E. 811, f.2.

^{page 307 note 6} A.G.S., Patronato Real 26, f. 116, instructions for the archbishop of Toledo, 5 June 1558, and Rel. Pol., i. 256Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., xiii. 417Google Scholar), Philip to Cardinal Pole, 22 Oct. 1558.

^{page 307 note 7} Letters were sent to Cordoba, the English privy council, Cardinal Pole and Mary's physicians: A.G.S., E. 811, ff.2, 86–88 (Rel. Pol., i. 255–6Google Scholar, C.S.P.Span., xiii. 416–17).Google Scholar

^{page 308 note 1} C.S.P. Ven., 1557–8, 1537Google Scholar, Sudan's dispatch of 29 Oct. The English commissioners at Cercamp reported his impending departure on 4 Nov., P.R.O., SP 69/13/239. Philip answered the Dover letter on 15 Nov., Codoin, , lxxxvii. 80Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 286Google Scholar, C.S.P.Span., xiii. 439Google Scholar. The certificate of dispatch for the letter of 14 Nov. survives: the courier, Juan Gallego, left London at 2 in the afternoon of the 14th and reached Brussels, having been delayed by bad weather at Dover, at 4 in the afternoon of the 18th. See A. G. S., E. 811, f. 137, and Philip's answer of 25 Nov., E. 8340, f.92bis. Feria did not write again until 21 Nov., a dispatch which was delayed considerably by the sealing of the ports following Elizabeth's accession.

^{page 308 note 2} C.S.P.Ven., 1557–8, 1537.Google Scholar

^{page 308 note 3} Weiss, Papiers d'État, v. 306, commissioners to the king, 25 Oct. 1558. The commissioners were the duke of Alba, the bishop of Arras (cardinal of Granvelle in February 1561), Ruy Gómez de Silva and the prince of Orange.

^{page 308 note 4} C.S.P.F., i. 82–3Google Scholar, Dr Nicholas Wotton to Cecil, 9 Jan. 1559 (Cecil's letter of 31 Dec. to which this is an answer, does not survive). A.G.S., E. 812, f.6 (referred to in Rel. Pol., i. 398Google Scholar) is a copy of the letter of 10 Jan. Further letters of credence were sent on 20 Jan. (C.S.P.F., i. 93Google Scholar, A.G.S., E. 812, f. 10) and 27 Jan. (see p. 306 n. 2 above). Arras advised sending a gentleman and letter to Elizabeth immediately. See A.G.S., E. 517, f. 207, Gonzalo Pérez to Don Antonio de Toledo, 23 Dec. 1558.

^{page 308 note 5} For the arrival of the bishop of Aquila see below, p. 326 and n. 47. The official reason for Feria's retirement was his inclusion among the hostages nominated by the French for the ratification of the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. See C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 64–5Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 515–16Google Scholar. For Feria's role as observer of the parliament of 1559, see Jones, N. L., Faith by Statute (1982)Google Scholar, passim.

^{page 309 note 1} John Boxall (?–1571), archdeacon of Ely and secretary of state from March 1557. Appointed to the privy council on 23 Sept. 1557; during the same year he received the deaneries of Peterborough, Norwich and Windsor. Imprisoned in June 1560 for refusing the oath of supremacy. In Apr. 1559 Boxall attempted through Feria to persuade Elizabeth to reject the new prayer book, see E. Sandys to M. Parker, 30 Apr. 1559, printed in Cross, C., The Royal Supremacy in the Elizabethan Church (1969), 136.Google Scholar

^{page 309 note 2} de Ribadeneira, P., Confessiones, Epistolae, aliaque Scripta Inedita (Monumenta Historica Societatis Jesu, Madrid, 1920), i. 307–8Google Scholar, Ribadeneira to Catherine de Villalobos, 23 Dec. 1558. Earlier in the year Feria had supported (unsuccessfully) the establishment of a Jesuit mission in England, see ibid., 286–7 (C.S.P.Span., xiii. 370–1)Google Scholar, Feria to Ribadeneira, 22 Mar. 1558. For Ribadeneira as a commentator on the English change of religion, see Bayne, C. G., ‘Notes on the coronation of Queen Elizabeth’, Engl. Hist. Rev., xxiv (1909), 322–3CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Jones, N. L., Faith by Statue (1982), 11.Google Scholar

^{page 309 note 3} A.G.S., Consejo y Juntas de Hacienda 34, f.477, Feria to Ruy Gómez de Silva, 6 Mar. 1559. C.S.P.Span. 1558–67, 63Google Scholar (Codoin, , lxxxvii. 179Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 513Google Scholar) Feria to Philip, 29 Apr. 1559.

^{page 309 note 4} The Ferias’ future political activities deserve more attention than they have received. For the above see Clifford, , Life, 129–35Google Scholar, P.R.O., SP 52/11/87v, Madrid, Biblioteca del Palacio Real, MS 11–2291, n.f., Feria to Arras, 7 Aug. 1560, and the unpublished dissertations of Lagomarsino, P. D. (‘Court Factions and the Formation of Spanish Policy towards the Netherlands (1559–1567)’ (Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1973), 254, 283)Google Scholar and Retamal-Fevereau, J. G. ‘Anglo-Spanish Relations 1566–1572: The Mission of Don Guerau de Spes at London’ (Oxford D. Phil, thesis, 1972), 38, 44, 71)Google Scholar. See A. G. S., E. 823, f. 150v for Feria's contribution to the debate over the Ridolphi Plot in the consejo de estado on 7 July 1571. Alba, who opposed the enterprise of England and considered Feria a lightweight, was highly critical of his influence, see Madrid, Institute de Valencia de Don Juan, Envio 67, art. 1 (probably Don Luis de Requesens to Andreas Ponce de Leon, ?Jan. 1574). We are very grateful to Professor Parker for supplying us with the latter two references.

^{page 310 note 1} For Philip's views, see C.S.P.Span., xiii. 332–3, 440Google Scholar, to the princess of Portugal, 15 Jan. 1558, 4 Dec. 1558; Codoin, , lxxxvii. 102–4Google Scholar (Rel. Pol., i. 360Google Scholar, C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 15Google Scholar), to Feria, 28 Dec. 1558. His belief that he was bound to the English, despite the fact that the loss of Calais was their fault, was also shared by Arras, see his letter to the bishop of Aquila of 25 Nov. 1558, printed in Alvarez, Fernández, ‘La Paz de Cateau-Cambresis’, Hispania, xix (1959), 538Google Scholar. For a summary of Spanish views on English treachery, see ibid., 534–5, and Alvarez, Fernández, Tres Embajadores, 25, 259Google Scholar. For the English reasons for not participating in a campaign to regain Calais, see B.L., Cotton MS Titus B. ii, ff.59–60, statement of privy council, 1 Feb. 1558.

^{page 310 note 2} Weiss, , Papiers d'État, v. 321, 327–8Google Scholar, Philip to commissioners, 26 October, and answer, 27 October.

^{page 311 note 1} Rel. Pol., i. pp. 245–6Google Scholar. Lord Paget was also sceptical about a peaceful restitution of Calais at this point, see P.R.O., SP 69/13/181, to privy council, 26 Sept. The English delegation was composed of Wotton, the earl of Arundel and the bishop of Ely, see also below, notes to the text 14, 20, 22.

^{page 311 note 2} See Rel. Pol., i. 260Google Scholar, commissioners to Philip, and P.R.O., SP 69/13/230v, commissioners to council, 29 Oct. Rel. Pol., i. 269Google Scholar, Philip to commissioners, 30 Oct. P.R.O., SP 69/13/239, 245, commissioners to council, and council to commissioners, 4 Nov.

^{page 311 note 3} Romier, L., ‘Les guerres d'Henri II et le traité de Cateau-Cambrésis (1554–59)’, Mélanges d'Archeologie et d'Histoire, École Française de Rome, xxx (1910), 46–7.Google Scholar

^{page 311 note 4} P.R.O., SP 69/13/239v–240, 249–51. The Venetians understood Philip to have told the English that if they wanted Calais they would have to fight for it, C.S.P. Ven., 1557–8, 1545Google Scholar. On 6 Nov. the council had written to Philip for his advice, Rel. Pol., i. 276. Assonleville also expected parliament to discuss the peace, see Codoin, , lxxxvii. 77Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., xiii. 437Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 273Google Scholar), to Philip, 6 Nov. 1558.

^{page 312 note 1} C.S.P.Span., xiii. 437Google Scholar, Arras to Feria, 5 Nov. See also C.S.P. Ven., 1557–8, 1537.Google Scholar

^{page 312 note 2} See his letters to Feria of 10, 13 Jan., 12 Feb. 1559, Codoin, , lxxxvii. 112–13, 114–15, 122–3Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 21, 23–4, 27–8Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 402–4, 418).Google Scholar

^{page 312 note 3} Weiss, , Papiers d'État, v. 361–5Google Scholar, Philip's commissioners to the king, 26 Nov. 1558. See also C.S.P.F., i. 16–17Google Scholar (Rel. Pol., i. 319–21Google Scholar), English commissioners to Elizabeth, 1 Dec. and B.L., Add. MS 18789, f. 6v advice of Alba, 15 Nov. and A.G.S., E. 517, f.130, Alba to Philip, 26 Nov. 1558.

^{page 312 note 4} P.R.O., SP 70/1/4–6, commissioners to council, and 70/1/8, Wotton to Boxall, 18 Nov. For Wotton's apparent change of opinion, see below, note to the text 14. William, Lord Howard of Effingham, who replaced Arundel on the English delegation in 1559, also shared this view, see C.S.P.F., i. 122Google Scholar, to Cecil, 12 Feb.

^{page 312 note 5} P.R.O., SP 12/1/5.

^{page 313 note 1} See, inter alia, Haynes, S., A Collection of State Papers (1740), 583Google Scholar, a short memorial of the state of the realm (c. 1569); H.M.C., Salisbury, i. 153–4Google Scholar (dated 20 May, from internal evidence post 1570); P.R.O., SP 12/172/103, 10 Oct. 1584. The earliest reference to Cecil's views can be found in Aquila to Arras, 30 Dec. 1560 (A.G.S., E. 814, f. 10). For Elizabeth's views, see Codoin, , lxxxvii. 126–7Google Scholar (Ret. Pol., i. 440Google Scholar, C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 30Google Scholar), Feria to Philip, 20 Feb. 1559. See also Granvelle's response, Rel. Pol., iii. 181–2Google Scholar, to Aquila, 4 Nov. 1562.

^{page 313 note 2} Both Alba and Arras were also deeply depressed by the situation in England: A.G.S., E. 517, f. 132, Alba to Philip, 21 Nov. f. 217, Arras to Gonzalo Pérez, 29 Nov. Alba later complained at the failure to follow his advice on the creation of a party in England, Madrid, Instituto de Valencia de Don Juan, Envio 67, art.1.

^{page 313 note 3} Weiss, , Papiers d'État, iv. 395–6Google Scholar. S. Renard to Philip (probably February 1555), Codoin, , lxxxvii. 159–60Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 51Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 496Google Scholar), Feria to Philip, 11 Apr. 1559.

^{page 313 note 4} Clifford, , Life, 80Google Scholar. The correspondence between Feria and Philip in May 1558 (see p. 307 n. 2 above) regarding the meeting with Elizabeth is also highly revealing.

^{page 314 note 1} Clifford, , Life, 88–90, 98Google Scholar. de Vertot d'Aubeuf, R. Aubert, Les Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angleterre (Leyden, 1763), v. 126–7Google Scholar, advis envoyez en Ecosse, 9 Sept. 1555. Harbison, E. H., Rival Ambassadors at the Court of Queen Mary (Princeton 1940), 226–7.Google Scholar

^{page 314 note 2} Loades, , Mary Tudor, 244, 392Google Scholar and C.S.P. Ven., 1557–8, 1538Google Scholar. Mary's will and codicil are printed in Stone, J. M., The History of Mary I, Queen of England (1901), 507–21.Google Scholar

^{page 314 note 3} For Philip's approval of the Austrian marriage see A.G.S., E. 811, f. 66, Philip to Ferdinand I, 13 July 1559.

^{page 314 note 4} For the early history of the Savoy marriage, see Harbison, E. H., Rival Ambassadors (1940), 98–9, 170 n.9 226–7, 239Google Scholar, and Claretta, G., Il duca di Savoia Emanuele Filiberto e la Corte di Londra negli Anni 1554 e 1555 (Pinerolo, 1892), esp. 59–61, 69Google Scholar. Fernández Alvarez suggests the Savoy marriage as the subject of the meeting in May 1558, Tres Embajadores, 28Google Scholar. See also C.S.P.Span., xiii. 104, 152, 285, 379–80Google Scholar, and A.G.S., Patronato Real 26, f.116.

^{page 315 note 1} For the constitutional background to Elizabeth's accession see Levine, M., Tudor Dynastic Problems, 1460–1571 (1973), 97–8Google Scholar. For Elizabeth's employment of popularity, see, inter alia, SirHayward, John, Annals of the First Four Years of the Reign of Quern Elizabeth (Camden Soc., vii, 1840), 16Google Scholar, and C.S.P.Span., 1568–79, 51Google Scholar, Guzman de Silva to Philip, 10 July 1568. In her discussions with Sir William Maitland in the autumn of 1561, Elizabeth was not so confident, see Pollen, J. H., A Letter from Mary, Queen of Scots to the Duke of Guise, January 1562 (Scottish History Soc. xliii, 1902), 42.Google Scholar

^{page 315 note 2} ‘Paget letters’, 3 and 133Google Scholar, Paget to Sir Thomas Parry, 17 Mar. 1559, seeking appointment as president of the council in the Marches of Wales. B.L. Add. MS 48023, ff.350–69v (an anonymous history of the years 1559–62) records numerous instances of Paget's behind-the-scenes influence in those years. (We are very grateful to Dr George Bernard of the University of Southampton for bringing this document to our attention.) Paget's initial disappointment was noted by Feria, Codoin, , lxxxvii. 91Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 8Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 339Google Scholar), to Philip, 14 Dec. 1558.

^{page 315 note 3} The memorandum printed in , H. M. C., Salisbury, i. 153–4Google Scholar displays a definite animus against Paget. Jones, N. L., ‘Faith by Statute: The Politics of Religion in the Parliament of 1559’ (Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1977), 56Google Scholar (not included in the published version) refers to a claim by Robert Parsons to this effect. On the other hand they were old friends and Cecil was prepared to see Paget employed on specific tasks, see Calig. E. v, f. 152, Cecil to Paget, 10 Oct. 1562.

^{page 315 note 4} Codoin, , lxxxvii. 168Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 55–6Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 502Google Scholar), Feria, to Philip, , 18 04 1559Google Scholar. It is worth noting, however, that two members of Elizabeth's council— the marquess of Winchester and the earl of Shrewsbury—voted against the Act of Uniformity.

^{page 315 note 5} Orbea's accounts are located in A.G.S., C.M.C., la, 1184 (1554), 1345 (1555), 1344 (1556), 1468 (1557–8). (We are very grateful to Joanna Woodall of Christ Church, Oxford, for bringing these to our attention.) Identification of Lixalde as Orbea's deputy can be found in A.G.S., E. 811, f. 112. Being included in Orbea's account, Lixalde did not present a separate one for auditing; but warrants for, and statements of, payments by him can be found in A.G.S., E. 811 and 812. For his later career, see Parker, G., ‘Corruption and imperialism in the Spanish Netherlands: the case of Francisco de Lixalde, 1567–1612’, Spain and the Netherlands, 1559–1569, (1979), 151–63Google Scholar, and Lovett, A. W. ‘Francisco de Lixalde: a Spanish Paymaster in the Netherlands (1567–1577)’, Tijdscjrift voor Geschiedenis, lxxxiv (1971), 14–23.Google Scholar

^{page 316 note 1} Codoin, , lxxxvii. 168Google Scholar (above, p. 315 n. 4). A.G.S., E. 8340, f. 16 is an undated provisional list of pensioners, bearing the note that the count of Egmont will supply details about individuals. A.G.S., C.M.C., la, 1184, ff. 51–65, 1345, n.f. Apart from the 2nd earl of Sussex (who had died in 1557), the pensioners were the marquess of Winchester, the earls of Arundel, Derby, Shrewsbury, Pembroke and Huntingdon, Viscount Montague, Lords Clinton, Howard, Paget and Hastings, Sir Thomas Cheyney, Sir Henry Jerningham, Sir William Petre, Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Edward Waldegrave, Sir Francis Englefield, Sir Richard Southwell, Sir Thomas Wharton, John Bourne, Sir John Brende, Edward Randolph, Sir James Croft, Francis Basset and Anthony Kemp.

^{page 316 note 2} Codoin, , lxxxvii. 11, 13–14, 20–1Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., xiii. 351, 356, 358Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 130, 135–6, 139Google Scholar); A.G.S., E. 811, f. 67, Feria's instructions for Lixalde, 19 July 1558.

^{page 316 note 3} Codoin, , lxxxvii. 95–6, 98–9Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 11, 13Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 342, 344Google Scholar), Feria, to Philip, , 14 12 1558Google Scholar. Enclosed with this was a list of pensions owing, A.G.S., E. 811, f. 124. A later annotated list is printed in C.S.P. Span., xiii. 454–6.Google Scholar

^{page 316 note 4} Rel. Pol., i. 355–57Google Scholar, Philip to Feria, 28 Jan. 1559 (answer to Feria's letter of 14 Dec.), a draft of this letter can be found in A.G.S., E. 812, f.14. See also A.G.S., E. 137, f. 111, Philip to the Regent of Spain, 20 Feb. 1559, and Codoin, , lxxxvii. 144–5Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 41)Google Scholar, to Feria, 23 Mar. 1559.

^{page 317 note 1} For a more detailed discussion of this point, see the forthcoming dissertation of Rodríguez-Salgado, M. J., ‘From Regent to Ruler: the Early Policies of Philip II of Spain, 1551–1566’Google Scholar (Univ. of Hull).

^{page 317 note 2} Codoin, , lxxxvii. 173Google Scholar (C.S.P.Span., 1558–67, 59Google Scholar, Rel. Pol., i. 506Google Scholar), Feria to Philip, 18 Apr. 1559. A.G.S., E. 811, f. 119–21, statement of payments by Lixalde to 23 May 1559.

^{page 317 note 3} A. G. S., E. 812, f. 160, 30 Oct. 1559.

^{page 321 note *} See above p. 303 n. 3.

^{page 323 note *} See above p. 303 n. 3.

^{page 331 note *} See above p. 303 n. 3

^{page 332 note *} See above p. 303 n. 3