^{page 229 note 1} Thornton, William (1774–1847). In 1807 he changed his name to William Thornton Astell. He was a director of the Bank of England. He was an East India director from January 1800 to his death in March 1847, was elected to the deputy chair in 1809–10, 1823–4, 1829–30, and to the chair in 1810–11, 1824–5, 1828–9, 1830–1. He was M.P. for Bridgwater, 1807–32, and afterwards for Bedfordshire. D.N.B.

^{page 229 note 2} Strange, James. He was a son-in-law of Henry Dundas. He had returned to England after service in Madras in 1795. He became a banker but failed to become a director of the East India Company. He was returned for Parliament for East Grinstead, 1796–1802, and for Oakhampton, 1802–4. He died 6 October 1840. C. C. Prinsep, Madras Civilians, p. 136.

^{page 230 note 1} Mornington (see Vol. 1, p. 120, n. 1) had been raised to the Irish Marquisate on the news of the conquest of Mysore. He had suggested that he should be given the Order of the Garter. P. E. Roberts, India under Wellesley, pp. 70, 74.

^{page 232 note 1} Josias du Pré Porcher went to Madras as a writer in 1778 and served later on the Madras Council before returning home in 1800. He did not become a director but served as M.P. for Bletchingly, 1806–7 Bodmin, 1802–6, Dundalk, 1807, Old Sarum, 1807–12. Biographical List of Members of Parliament (1812), p. 89. Add. MSS. 35649, fos. 306, 316 ; 35650, fo. 225.

^{page 232 note 2} Jackson, William Adair, was elected to the direction in January 1803. He died in November 1804.

^{page 233 note 1} This was a secret investigation conducted by the Company itself into the disposal of patronage by the directors. Similar enquiries were carried out in 1790, 1827 and 1829. In 1809 a Parliamentary enquiry was held. Philips, , East India Company, 1784–1834, pp. 15–16Google Scholar.

^{page 235 note 1} Robinson, George Abercombie (d. 1832) was military Auditor General in Bengal. He had gone there as a cadet in 1779. He retired in 1802 and became a director of the East India Company in 1808, serving until 1829. He was chairman in 1820 and 1826. He became M.P. for Honiton, 1812–18. Buckland, C. E., Dictionary of Indian Biography (1906Google Scholar).

^{page 235 note 2} This reference is, I think, to Jacob Bosanquet. See Vol. 1, p. 129, n.1.

^{page 238 note 1} Smith, Sir John Burges (d. May 1803) went to Madras as a writer in 1752 and returned to England in 1776. C. C. Prinsep, Madras Civilians, p. 130. He became M.P. for New Romney, 1784, East Looe, 1799. He served as an East India director from 1773 until his death. He was chairman in 1791. Holzman, J. M., The Nabobs in England (New York, 1926), p. 116Google Scholar. Philips, ‘Alphabetical List of Directors’, Royal Asiatic Society Journal, Oct, 1941.

^{page 239 note 1} See Vol. 1, p. 225, n. 2.

^{page 243 note 1} See Vol. 1, p. 125, n. 2.

^{page 245 note 1} Baring, Sir Francis (1740–1810). A London merchant who founded the financial house of Baring Brothers & Co. He entered the East India direction in 1779 and served until his death in October 1810. He was deputy chairman in 1791–2, and chairman in 1792–3. He was elected M.P. for Grampound, 1784–90, for Chipping Wycombe, 1794–6 and 1802–6, and for Calne, 1796–1802. D.N.B.

^{page 247 note 1} Roberts, Abraham (1745–26 November 1816) was a London merchant and banker. He served as an East India director from March 1786 to October 1815 and as an M.P. for Worcester from 1796 until his death. He was head of the firm Roberts, Curtis & Co. W. R. Williams, Parliamentary History of Worcester (Hereford, 1897), p. 106.

^{page 248 note 1} Clive, Edward, first Earl of Powis (1754–1839) son of Robert, first Lord Clive. Governor of Madras, 1798–1803. D.N.B.

^{page 250 note 1} The recommended person is probably Charles Grant. See Philips, East India Company, p. 109.

^{page 251 note 1} Prinsep, John (1746–1830), served from 1771–88 in India and afterwards wrote much on Indian commercial affairs, C, E, Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography.

^{page 252 note 1} Unlike other European companies the English East India Company did not insure its ships, H. Furber, John Company at Work, 38–9.

^{page 253 note 1} This refers to the substantial reorganization (undertaken by Wellesley) of the areas under the control of Madras and Bombay. Cambridge History of India, v. 343.

^{page 253 note 2} Experiments in which Scott was financially concerned were being undertaken to develop a timber industry in Malabar. See Letter 323.

^{page 254 note 1} The Mysore empire in the south founded by Hyder Ali (d. 1782) had crashed (with the fall of Seringapatam in 1799 to the British) under his son Tipu Sultãn, Cambridge History of India, v. 341.

^{page 256 note 1} The directors of course looked well after their own relatives, and at Canton, reputed to be one of the most valuable situations, there were in 1795 twelve directors' relations out of a total establishment of twenty. In 1796 the directors ruled that no more than eight directors' sons at a time were to be there, but this rule was rescinded in 1808. Court Minutes, 116A, fo. 1344.

^{page 258 note 1} Balfour served in the Company's medical service 1769–1807. He wrote The Forms of Herkern, a Persian Letter writer and contributed papers on Oriental subjects to the Asiatic Society of Bengal besides writing medical works. C. E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography.

^{page 262 note 1} This is probably Colonel Alexander Kyd, heir and relative of Robert Kyd and father of James Kyd. See C. E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography.

^{page 263 note 1} Zamān Shāh was the strong and oppressive ruler of Afghanistan, 1793–1800, whose power Wellesley feared. In fact Zamān Shāh's brother displaced and blinded him. Ibid.

^{page 264 note 1} For an account of the Company's attempts to grow indigo, see H. Furber, John Company at Work, pp. 290 ff.

^{page 265 note 1} The Secret Committee normally consisted of the chairman, deputy and senior director. Manship at this time was the senior director. For a detailed account of the Secret Committee, see Philips', C. H. two articles in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1940–1Google Scholar.

^{page 266 note 1} Namely Marquis Wellesley.

^{page 266 note 2} He was one of the leading Indian shipowners at Bombay largely concerned with the country trade. C. N. Parkinson, Trade in the Eastern Seas, p. 336.

^{page 267 note 1} These were Pārsī shipowners. Ibid.

^{page 267 note 2} Philip Dundas, superintendent of the Bombay Marine. See Vol. 1, p. 31, n. 1.

^{page 269 note 1} Rainier, Peter (1741?–1808) admiral and commander-in-chief in the East Indies, 1793–1804. D.N.B.

^{page 271 note 1} Boddam, Rawson Hart, had been Governor of Bombay from 1784–8. List of the Heads of Administration in India (Calcutta, 1923), p. 39Google Scholar.

^{page 271 note 2} An offer of the senior seat on the Bengal council had been privately made to Grant by Dundas and Scott. Grant later refused the offer. C. H. Philips, East India Comapny, p. 109.

^{page 273 note 1} See Vol. 1, p. 125, n. 1, 2.

^{page 273 note 2} ‘The most opulent merchant in Denmark’ and head of an important trading house. H. Furber, John Company at Work, p. 111.

^{page 275 note 1} Robert Thornton, a London merchant, served in the East India direction from 1787–1814. He was chairman in 1813. He was M.P. for Bridgwater, 1785–90, and Colchester, 1790–1817. C. C. Prinsep, Madras Civilians, p. xvii. Biographical List of M.P.'s (1812), p. 40.

^{page 276 note 1} Macpherson, Sir John (1745–1821), served in the company in India from 1770, and became governor general 1785–6. D.N.B.

^{page 276 note 2} The Mārathā chiefs signally failed to co-operate. Cambridge History of India, v, chap. xxii.

^{page 278 note 1} For an account of these financial plans, see Philips, East India Company, pp. 105 ff.

^{page 279 note 1} Duncan, Adam, Viscount Duncan (1731–1804), admiral, and commander-in-chief in the North Sea. D.N.B.

^{page 281 note 1} Omdut-ul Omarā (O.U.O.), Nawāb of Arcot (1795–1801), was the son of Walā Jāh Muhammad Alī (1749–1795). At the capture of Seringapatam in 1799 certain letters that appeared to suggest secret negotiations between the Nawābs and Mysore were found. Wellesley considered that these proved that the Naw'bs had broken their treaty with the Company. P. E. Roberts, India under Wellesley, p. 102. Cambridge History of India, v. 361.

^{page 282 note 1} In this paragraph all words in square brackets were omitted from this letter by Scott to ensure secrecy. The key to the missing words was forwarded separately.

^{page 282 note 2} This brother was Henry Wellesley, private secretary to the governor general, who had returned to London to explain the Mysore war and settlement. D.N.B.

^{page 283 note 1} The Court of Directors was much concerned at the decrease in the size of the Investment. Philips, op. cit., p. 109.

^{page 283 note 2} Lake, Gerard, first Viscount Lake (1744–1808), became commander-in-chief in India in 1800. D.N.B.

^{page 284 note 1} Barlow, Sir George Hilaro (1762–1847) joined the Bengal service in 1778, and was chief secretary to Government 1796, councillor 1801 and governor general 1805–7. D.N.B.

^{page 286 note 1} For an account of the East India shipping interests of the Palmer family, see E. Cotton, East Indiamen (ed. Fawcett), p. 198.

^{page 293 note 1} Wellesley negotiated a treaty with the Nawāb, Saādat Alī (1798–1814), which was signed in November 1801. By it the Nawāb ceded part of his territories and agreed to accept the Company's advice in the administration of the remainder. Cambridge History of India, v, 353–4.

^{page 293 note 2} The Peshwā, Bājī Rāo II (1796–1818), finally put himself in British hands by the Treaty of Bassein, December 1802, which inevitably led to clashes with the other Marāthā. chiefs. Ibid., pp. 372 ff.

^{page 297 note 1} For a detailed discussion of the College proposed by Wellesley and the outcome, see Philips, East India Company, pp. 125 ff.

^{page 299 note 1} Duncan here refers to the Red Sea expedition sent against the French in Egypt. Cambridge History of India, v. 328.

^{page 299 note 2} The Poligars were a class of semi-feudal petty chieftains in south India. Handbook of Oriental History (ed. C. H. Philips), India Glossary.

^{page 300 note 1} Chowtea probably stands for chauth, the levy of ‘one fourth part’ taken by the Marathas from the provincial governors as compensation for leaving their districts in immunity from plunder. Parganā means a subdivision of a district including numerous villages. Handbook of Oriental History (ed. C. H. Philips), India Glossary.

^{page 305 note 1} Benjamin Jones became assistant secretary of the Board of Control in 1828 and exerted influence on policy. Philips, East India Company, pp. 19, 268, 279.

^{page 305 note 2} This estimate by Dundas is quite wide of the mark. Ibid., pp. 107 ff.

^{page 305 note 3} Formerly Sir John Shore. See Vol. 1, p. 67, n. 1.

^{page 307 note 1} Candy (Khandī). A weight which varied in different parts of India. At this period the Bombay candy was 560 lb. avoirdupois, the Madras candy 500, the Surat 746, and the Bengal ‘factory’ candy 1,493. H. Furber, John Company at Work, p. 351.

^{page 307 note 2} Docree (Dokarā). A load of cotton.

^{page 308 note 1} The faujdār was an officer in charge of the general (as distinct from the revenue) administration of a province, and under the British he was. concerned with criminal rather than civil jurisdiction. Handbook of Oriental History (ed. C. H. Philips), India Glossary.

^{page 308 note 2} The President was the head of the Company's principal factories in the seventeenth century, and the Presidency his area of jurisdiction. Madras, Bombay and Bengal became the three most important Presidencies. The term was often used, as here in the text, in reference to the headquarters, whether Bombay, Fort St. George or Fort William. Ibid.

^{page 310 note 1} Sandle—presumably sandalwood.

^{page 312 note 1} Dundas, on the grounds of ill-health, resigned the India Board before Pitt's Ministry left office on 14 March 1801. Philips, East India Company, p. 111.

^{page 315 note 1} Namely, Lieut. Robert Scott, to whom the next letter is addressed.

^{page 316 note 1} Feringhī. This term for a European is of very old use in Asia. Yule, H. and Burnell, A. C., Hobson-Jobson (1903)Google Scholar, s.v. Firinghee.

^{page 318 note 1} Later in 1826 he took the name Sir Harford Jones Brydges (1764–1847). He served the East India Company in the Near and Middle East and was British envoy to Persia, 1807–11. D.N.B.

^{page 318 note 2} Son of Scott's sister, Diana (b. 1741), who had married in 1770 the Rev. Alex Shank. Henry's brother, Alexander, was at Canton.

^{page 320 note 1} Brother of James Tate, agent at Bombay. See Vol. 1, p. 6, n. 2.

^{page 321 note 1} Dundas, Francis (d. 1824), acting governor at the Cape, 1798–9 and 1801–3. D.N.B.

^{page 32 note 1} The Kent near the Balasore roads at the Hugh entrance was captured by the Confiance, a French sloop of war under the celebrated Robert Surcouf, corsair of St. Malo (1773–1827). In point of fact the Kent fought hard, the captain and 21 others on board being killed. E. Cotton, East Indiamen (ed. Fawcett), p. 157.

^{page 325 note 1} Malet, Sir Charles Warre (1752–1815). He was Resident at Poona, 1785–97 and negotiated in June 1790 at Poona an alliance with the Peshwā. and Nizām against Tipu Sultān. He was created a baronet in the following year. In 1797 he became Member of Council at Bombay. He retired in 1798. D.N.B.

^{page 325 note 2} Kennaway, Sir John (1758–1836), served the Company in India from 1772 and became Resident at Hyderabad in 1788. In 1790 he negotiated a treaty with the Nizām for the cession of Guntūr Sircār. He was created a baronet in 1791. D.N.B.

^{page 326 note 1} Legge, George, Viscount Lewisham and third earl of Dartmouth (1755–1810), president of the India Board from 19 May 1801 to 12 July 1802. For an account of this, his first important political post, see Philips, East India Company, pp. 112 ff.

^{page 326 note 2} Probably Mackintosh, Sir James (1765–1832), who became in 1818 Professor of Law and General Politics at Haileybury. D.N.B.

^{page 326 note 3} The Bengal Sicca Rupee (Sa. Rs.) was worth 2s. 4d. at this time.

^{page 329 note 1} Oakley, Sir Charles (1751–1826), went to Madras in 1767, became president of the Board of Revenue and governor (1790–92) and retired in 1794. D.N.B.

^{page 329 note 2} John Wright became assistant secretary of the Board of Control in 1817 and served until 1828. Philips, East India Company, pp. 21, 262, 339.

^{page 329 note 3} See below, p. 347, n. 1.

^{page 329 note 4} John Meheux was assistant secretary of the Board of Control from 1800 to 1817. Ibid., pp. 19, 21, 122, 166, 339.

^{page 332 note 1} Batta. The additional pay and allowances to public servants or soldiers employed on special duties. It grew to be a constant allowance of European officers and the question of the right to it on several occasions created great agitation under the East India Company. Handbook of Oriental History (ed. C. H. Philips), India Glossary.

^{page 332 note 2} Charles Mills (d. 1826), a City merchant, served as director from 1785 to March 1815, acting as deputy and then chairman in 1801–2. M.P. for Warwick, 1802–26. Biographical List of M.P.'s (1806), p. 382, (1812), p. 86.

^{page 335 note 1} The investment was made up of the goods shipped to London in the Company's vessels. A lakh was 100,000. The Madras current (Star) pagoda was worth 8s. od. Handbook of Oriental History (ed. C. H. Philips), s.v.

^{page 336 note 1} The peace referred to was obtained temporarily by the Treaty of Amiens signed in March 1802.

^{page 337 note 1} The Proprietors' meetings were held quarterly in March, June, September, December, and could also be called at any time by the directors or nine of the proprietors. Philips, East India Company, p. 2.

^{page 337 note 2} This estimate was accurate. The Indian debt of the Company in 1802 reached £18 millions, and by 1808 it had risen to £32 millions. Ibid., p. 124.

^{page 339 note 1} Mills, Charles (sen.), deputy to Scott, succeeded him in the chair. See p. 332, n. 2.

^{page 340 note 1} Shroff (sarāf), a banker or money-changer.

^{page 340 note 2} See p. 300, n. 1.

^{page 341 note 1} Parry, Thomas (d. 1806). After service in India he entered the East India direction in October 1781 and remained in office until his death in 1806. C. H. and D. Philips. ‘Alphabetical List of Directors of the East India Company.’

^{page 342 note 1} Travers, John. He served in the E.I. direction from April 1786 until his death in October 1809. Ibid.

^{page 343 note 1} Legge, George, Viscount Lewisham and third earl of Dartmouth (1755–1810), president of the India Board from 19 May 1801 to 12 July 1802. For an account of his Presidency of the Board, see Philips, op. cit., pp. 112 ff.

^{page 343 note 2} See Vol. 1, p. 38, n. 1.

^{page 345 note 1} He refers here to his father's death in July. Philips, op. cit., p. 112.

^{page 346 note 1} See Vol. 1, p. 51, n. 1.

^{page 347 note 1} Colonel Alexander Beatson, later governor of St. Helena. See Home Miscellaneous Series, Commonwealth Relations (India) Office, vols. 86–7, for some of his reports on military affairs in India, He also published A View … of the war with Tippoo Sultaun (1800) and Tracts relative to St. Helena (1816).

^{page 352 note 1} Paul Benfield (d. 1810) went to Madras in 1764 and had large money dealings with the Nawāb of the Carnatic, these being unfavourably regarded by the Company in London. D.N.B. Sir John Macpherson (see p. 276, n. 1) had also been concerned with the Carnatic debts and his reputation was low. D.N.B.

^{page 353 note 1} Wellesley is not fair to the directors. Between March 1798 and March 1800 they sent him over £2,500,000 in bullion and continued the effort down to 1804. Parl. His., xxxv. 12, 25 March 1800. Philips, East India Company, pp. 105–7, 124–5.

^{page 358 note 1} See p. 339, n. 1, and p. 332, n. 2.

^{page 359 note 1} In 1801 Malabar had been annexed to the Madras Presidency. Cambridge History of India, v. 471.

^{page 362 note 1} Normally the nine senior directors formed with the chairs the Committee of Correspondence, which was the most important committee dealing with the ordinary business. Philips, op. cit., p. 12.

^{page 364 note 1} See p. 329, Letter 361 and n. 1.

^{page 365 note 1} Dundas had apparently said that he contemplated retiring from Parliament,

^{page 366 note 1} See p. 329; n. 4.

^{page 366 note 2} See p. 299, n. 2,

^{page 367 note 1} Cornwallis was the British representative in negotiating the Treaty of Amiens with the French, and Dartmouth seems not to have been consulted by Addington on the clauses affecting the East. Dartmouth probably ought to have resigned. Philips, East India Company, pp. 114–15.

^{page 368 note 1} Webbe, Josiah (1768–1804), went to Madras as a writer in 1783 and became First Chief Secretary there in 1800. C. E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography.

^{page 369 note 1} The Ministry and the Court of Directors had been negotiating on the private trade question, the former using Nicholas Vansittart, Secretary to the Treasury, and not Dartmouth as its representative. Dartmouth had lost Addington's confidence. Philips, op. cit., p. 114.

^{page 372 note 1} Close, Sir Barry (1756–1813), was appointed to the Madras army in 1771 and became Resident at Mysore in 1799 and at Poona in 1801 where he remained for ten years. D.N.B. Palmer, William (d. 1814), joined the Bengal army in 1766 and became Resident at Lucknow in 1782 and at Poona, 1798–1801. D.N.B.

^{page 372 note 2} See p. 368, n. 1.

^{page 372 note 3} Killādār, the Governor of a fort.

^{page 373 note 1} In the negotiation of a settlement on private trade between the Government and the Court of Directors, Addington had appointed Nicholas Vansittart, a Secretary of the Treasury, as his representative. Presumably he had decided that the enmity between Dartmouth and the directors was too great to permit them to reach an understanding. This ministerial division of responsibility led to a clash between Dartmouth and the Court of Directors and to the resignation of Dartmouth. See Philips, East India Company, pp. 114–16.

^{page 374 note 1} The Nawāb of Arcot, Umdut-ul-Umarā died in 1801 and was succeeded by his nephew, Azīm-ud-daula. Masnad, the large cushion used by Indian princes as a throne.

^{page 374 note 2} Wallace, Thomas, Baron Wallace (1768–1844), was commissioner of the India Board, 1800–4 and 1807–16. D.N.B. See Philips, op. cit., pp. 195–6.

^{page 375 note 1} Mehdi 'Alī Khān, a naturalised Persian, was the Company's Resident at Bushire and was sent by Wellesley in 1799 on a mission to Persia partly against French designs and partly against Zamān Shāh of Afghanistān.

^{page 376 note 1} In fact Duncan remained governor of Bombay until he died in August 1811. D.N.B. For further information on Griffiths, see Vol. 1, p. 1, n. 3, and p. 59 (Letter 63).

^{page 377 note 1} The Board of Control was housed in a small office in Downing Street, and possibly Dartmouth is here referring to the proposed purchase of an adjoining house. Philips, East India Company, p. 19. W. Foster, John Company, p. 259.

^{page 378 note 1} Professor Furber's calculations (John Company at Work, chap, viii) support the view that the Company was trading at a loss. See also Philips, op. cit., p. 303 and n. 1.

^{page 379 note 1} For papers written on these matters by Charles Grant, see Home Miscellaneous Series, Commonwealth Relations (India) Office, vol. 402. Grant had joined forced with the City and Shipping members in the attack on Wellesley. Philips, op. cit., pp. 109 ff.

^{page 380 note 1} This pamphlet is probably the Letter to Sir William Pulteney (London, 1802)Google Scholar.

^{page 382 note 1} Dundas had determined not to appear in Parliament until discussion of the definitive treaty of Amiens was concluded.

^{page 384 note 1} General Claude Martin (1735–1800) was a French soldier of fortune who joined the E.I. Company's service and in Oudh built up a fortune. He left 33 lakhs of rupees on his death to educational foundation including the Martiniere College, Calcutta. C. E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography.

^{page 386 note 1} I do not know the motives behind Lord Kinnaird's attitude to Wellesley, assuming Scott to be writing accurately here. For a note on his career, see D.N.B. His younger brother, Douglas, took a prominent part in the Proprietors' Court. Philips, op. cit., pp. 3, 219.

^{page 398 note 1} Scott's sister Alexandra (b. 1744) married in 1769 Sir William Nairne (1731–1811), Lord Dunsinane, who in 1792 became Lord of the Justiciary Court. D.N.B.

^{page 398 note 2} Roberts, John (d. 1810), a City merchant, served in the East India direction from 1780 to his death in February 1810. He was deputy chairman in 1801–2, and 1803–4; and chairman in 1802–3.

^{page 401 note 1} See Letter 415.

^{page 403 note 1} Secretary of the East India Company, 1792–1814. Philips, East India Company, p. 339.

^{page 404 note 1} Stewart, Robert, second marquis of Londonderry, better known as Viscount Castlereagh (1769–1822). Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1799–1801; President of the India Board from 16 July 1802 to 12 February 1806 and appointed also to the War and Colonial Office in 1805. For an account of his Presidency of the India Board see Philips, East India Company, chap. v.

^{page 408 note 1} On 19 November 1802 Castlereagh told Dundas ‘I have put Mr. Jackson's election in such a train as to have no doubt of success.’ Home Miscellaneous Series, Commonwealth Relations (India) Office, vol. 504, fos. 19–23. William Adaìr Jackson was elected director in January 1803 and served until his death in November 1804.

^{page 410 note 1} The regular Indiaman as a rule was owned by a syndicate, the shares usually being held in sixteenths. C. N. Parkinson, Trade in the Eastern Seas, pp. 186–7.

^{page 411 note 1} Strange, James (1753–1840). He was a son-in-law of Henry Dundas. He had returned to England in 1795 after service in Madras. He failed to become a director of the East India Company. He was returned for Parliament for East Grinstead, 1796–1802, and for Oakhampton, 1802–4, and he returned to India in 1804. C. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography. (Addenda).

^{page 412 note 1} Bebb, John. After serving in Bengal he entered the East India direction in November 1804. He was deputy chairman in 1816–17 and chairman in 1817–18. Philips, ‘Alphabetical List of Directors.’ He retired in April 1830. In the preceding year his fellow directors decreed that he should resign because ‘he had lost both sight and hearing.’ Bebb denied this : ‘He hoped to be restored to useful vision and his hearing was liable to variation, being sometimes worse, sometimes better’ (Minutes, Secret Court of Directors, 4 February 1829).

^{page 412 note 2} Dundas, Henry, first Viscount Melville (1742–1811). See Vol. 1, p. 1, n. 1.

^{page 416 note 1} Presumably Wellesley is here referring to Charles Yorke, Secretary of War under Addington. Yorke had been offered the Governership of Madras with the eventual succession to the Governorgeneralship, but he refused the offer in October 1802 (Philips, East India Company, p. 121).

^{page 416 note 2} Henry Wellesley is here referred to. See p. 282, n. 2.

^{page 417 note 1} Scott is referring here to the death of his wife on 23 March 1803.

^{page 419 note 1} John Inglis, a private merchant, was elected in May 1803 to the direction and served until his death in August 1822. He was deputy chairman in 1814. Thomas Reid (the more usual spelling), also a merchant, was elected in November 1803 and served until his death in March 1824. He was chairman in 1816 and 1821, and deputy in 1815 and 1820. Philips, ‘Alphabetical List of Directors of the East India Company,’ Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, October, 1941.

^{page 420 note 1} Tierney, George (1761–1830) was later President of the India Board, 1 October 1806—6 April 1807. See Philips, East India Company, pp. 152–3, 175–6 for an account of his Presidency.

^{page 421 note 1} By the Treaty of Bassein the Peshwa bound himself to maintain a subsidiary force, to exclude all Europeans hostile to the English from his territories, and to negotiate only through the Company. This Treaty gave the Company supremacy in the Deccan. Cambridge History of India, v. 372–5.

^{page 423 note 1} See p. 412, n. 1.

^{page 427 note 1} For a discussion of the proceedings on the Declaratory Act of 1788 see Philips, East India Company, pp. 56–60. Ross, Cornwallis, i. 362. For a discussion of the constitutional position of the Court of Directors, see Philips, op. cit., pp. 128–9.

^{page 431 note 1} For a discussion of the proceedings on the College, see Philips, op. cit., pp. 125–30.

^{page 433 note 1} Carboy. A large glass bottle holding several gallons and generally covered with wickerwork. The word (in the form karāba) comes from Persia.

^{page 435 note 1} Jervis, John, Earl St. Vincent (1735–1823) was first lord of the admiralty under Addington. D.N.B.

^{page 435 note 2} Hammond, Sir Andrew Snape (1738–1828) was comptroller of the Navy, 1794–1806. D.N.B.

^{page 436 note 1} After his return to England, James Paull (1770–1808) entered Parliament as a member for Newtown in June 1805, and immediately set up an attack on Wellesley. In April 1806 he moved a series of charges for consideration. The attack thus begun was carried on until June 1808, when Wellesley's conduct was formally vindicated by Parliament (Philips, East India Company, pp. 144–50).

^{page 439 note 1} For an account of Castlereagh's Maratha policy, see Philips, op. cit., pp. 132–41.

^{page 445 note 1} James Salmond became a Lieut.-Colonel; was never elected a director but was appointed in March 1809 to the charge of the military department at the India House with the rank of chief assistant under the Examiner, He served until 1837. Philips, op. cit., pp. 17, 20, 340.