^{page 4 note 1} erroris diuerticulo : the expression is found elsewhere, as Paul. Nol., Ep., Appendix, 2, 11, and Boeth., , Porphyr. (Vienna Corpus, xlviii, p. 10Google Scholar).

^{page 4 note 2} a recto ueritatis tramite : practically the same phrase occurs Amm., xxii. 10, 2, but similar expressions are frequent in the Encomiast's period.

^{page 4 note 3} nomen : that is, presumably, the name pf ‘ historian ’ (scriptor rerum gestarum). Gertz emends historicis to historico, which improves both the grammatical smoothness of the sentence and the rhyme.

^{page 4 note 4} Res enim ueritati, etc. Gertz explains rather than translates : ‘ Er det nemlig saa, at Kendsgerningen selv skaffer den sanddru Fremstilling Tiltro, saa er det ogsaa omvendt saa, at den sanddru Fremstilling skaffer Kendsgerningen Anerkendelse som Kendsgerning.’ Cf. Ruotger, Vita Brunonis, 9 : ‘ euentus rei non multo post dictis fidem fecit’.

^{page 4 note 5} excusabiles … occasiones : probably ‘ affairs from which one can excuse oneself ’ ; the Encomiast proposes to neglect all non-essential business in order to attend to his undertaking.

This explanation involves the assumption that occasio had already in the eleventh century developed the sense ‘ affair ’, in which its English derivative occasion is first used in the sixteenth century (see N.E.D., s.v. occasion, sb¹., sense 6). I cannot parallel this usage, but the only other explanation possible of the phrase is to take it as ‘pretexts which excuse one ’ giving to excusabilis an active force of extreme rarity, of which Thes., s.v., col. 1297, quotes only one example, Claud. Don., Aen. Prooem., p. 3. 10 : cf., however, A. S. Napier, Old English Glosses, i. 2793.

^{page 5 note 6} narrationis contextionem: the expression occurs also in Macr., Somm. Scip. i. 2, 11.

^{page 6 note 1} Octouiani : a genuine medieval spelling, e.g., William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum, ii. 170.

^{page 6 note 2} Animaduerte, etc.: Gertz tampers with the sentence unnecessarily, though the construction ipsius decori, ‘ to his honour ’, is somewhat forced ; cf. II, 2, quae meae repetam gloriae, ‘ which I will seek again to my glory’.

^{page 6 note 3} eius maximam : the thought is clear; Gertz clarifies the syntax by adding mentio after eius, but perhaps eius goes with partem (‘ part of it ’, i.e., of the book), and gloria is to be understood from the previous clause as the subject.

^{page 7 note 4} rei inditio : expression found in various writers, as Nep., Att. 16.

^{page 7 note 5} giraueris, etc.: the writer has in mind some such description of a circle as that of Boeth., Arith. ii. 30 : ‘ Est enim circulus posito quodam puncto et alio eminus defixo, illius puncti qui eminus fixus est aequaliter distans a primo puncto circumductio, et ad eundem locum reuersio unde moueri coeperat’.

^{page 7 note 6} confecit bella : a fairly common collocation, see Thes., s.v. conficio, col. 196, and add Lucan ix. 658, to the references there given.

^{page 7 note 7} iugali copula : more usual is coniugalis co-pula, as Aug., De Civ. Dei, xiv. 22, etc. Cf., however, Aen. iv. 16, uinclo … iugali, and many similar phrases.

^{page 8 note 1} usus … egregia liber [ali]tate : cf. Odilo, Epitaphium Adelheidae, 12, ‘ usa … perfecta liberalitate ’.

^{page 8 note 2} oculo mentis : this expression, which is as old as Cicero, is a favourite in the Encomiast's period : e.g., Dudo (ed. Duchesne, p. 53), Sig. Gemblac, Vita Deoderici, 22 ; Folquin, Vita Folquini, 8.

^{page 8 note 3} inquam . . comperi : the Encomiast generally makes his own observations in the 1st person sing., but sometimes in the 1st plur. (cf. III, 6) ; cf. Stevenson's Asser, pp. 199–200. ‘ ueridica comperi relatione ’ : cf. Miracula S. Bertini, 44 : ‘ neridicorum uirorum … sedula compertum est relatione ’.

^{page 8 note 4} contingi: MS. P has contingere, which Duchesne also suggests in the margin. Obvious as this proposal is, it is wiser to retain the reading of L, and to assume that contingi is used with deponent force; cf. Löfstedt, E., Philologischer Kommentar zur Peregrinatio Aetheriae (Uppsala and Leipzig, 1911), p. 215Google Scholar. See Textual Note for porposal by Gertz.

^{page 9 note 5} iuuenis : a very vague term in Medieval Latin ; cf. Hofmeister, A. in Papsttum und Kaisertum (Munich, 1926), p. 316Google Scholar.

^{page 9 note 6} iurando asserens : we should perhaps read sub iureiurando asserens, a phrase used below, III, 1, 16, with which Vita Oswaldi (Raine, Historians of the Church of York, i. 468), ‘ sub iureiurando … promiserunt’ may be compared ; iurando, however, is used in similar phrases, e.g., Wipo, Vita Chuonradi 4, ‘ iurando subiciebantur ’.

^{page 9 note 7} in castris muniebat, etc. : ‘ he fortified whatever there was among the defensive positions, which would perhaps not have withstood an enemy ’. Gertz reads id for in, but this is unnecessary, for quod = (id) quod. The Encomiast frequently omits the antecedent of a relative, even though it is not in the same case as the relative, as in the clause following that under discussion, quae bello necessaria forent preparando, ‘ preparing the things which would be necessary in the event of war ’.

^{page 9 note 8} emollirentur animi : the collocation animos emollire occurs Greg. Mag., Moral. iii. 20; Monk of St. Gall, Gesta Karoli, i. 4.

^{page 10 note 1} Omnibus enim, etc. : Gertz begins the second chapter here, and with reason, for these general observations are intended to introduce and explain the actions of Sveinn's warriors described in chapter 2.

^{page 10 note 2} accepta … licentia : a frequent expression in Medieval Latin, e.g., the ‘ Astronomer ’, Vita Hludowici, 4 and 49; Miracula S. Bertini, 42.

^{page 12 note 1} ferro dolisue : cf. Sail., Iug. 25, 9, aut ui aut dolis ; for the rare antithesis dolus-ferrum cf. Amm., xvii. 13, 3, Sen., Herc. Oet. 438.

^{page 12 note 2} bonae indolis : this old expression is a favourite in the period : e.g., Dudo (ed. Duchesne, p. 113); Sig. Gemblac, Vita Deoderici, passim; Ruotger, Vita Brunonis, 4; Wipo, Vita Chuonradi, 23.

^{page 12 note 3} Omnibus . . rite dispositis : again below, II, 16, 1; cf. Stat., Theb. vii. 390–1.

^{page 13 note 4} austros suis, etc. : it appears to be beyond doubt that the meaning is that the vanes indicated the way from which the wind was coming by their movements, cf. Glossary, s.v. uersus.

^{page 14 note 1} ex affectu : the expression seems to be used in the sense of ex uoto.

^{page 14 note 2} dissolutionem corporis : frequent in Christian Latin from Tertullian (Adv. Marc. v. 10) onwards; combined with immineo in Vita Mahtildis, 8.

^{page 14 note 3} sese uiam, etc. : the syntax is obviously confused, and sese … . ingrediendum indicat seems to be used to mean ‘ he indicates that he must enter ’. The syntax might be eased by reading sibi for sese. A possibility would be to retain sese and to read ad ingrediendum, and to regard that expression as an adverbial modification of esse understood : ‘ he points out that he is entering upon the way of all flesh ’ : cf. Vulg., Tob. xiii. 20, ‘ si fuerint reliquiae seminis mei ad uidendam claritatem’.

^{page 15 note 4} Cui: as the text stands, under the government of commisit, and defined by illi uirorum dignissimo ; it may, however, be that the writer, when he began his sentence, intended to use a verb of speaking which would take datival rection, but by an oversight used hortor, which normally governs the accusative.

^{page 15 note 5} reperto sui honoris consilio : the collocation consilium reperire is frequent, see Thes., s.v consilium, col. 449 ; sui honoris, i.e., sui honoris conseruandi, cf. III, 7, 16–17.

^{page 16 note 1} pace confecta : the collocation pacem conficere is a favourite with the Encomiast, cf, below, II, 7 and 13 ; it is not common in the classical period, see Thes., s.v. conficio, col. 199.

^{page 16 note 2} Prospero . . cursu : the collocation is very common (see Thes., s.v. cursus, col. 1532) ; it occurs again, below, II, 3, III, 9. The verb of the sentence is lost.

^{page 16 note 3} extinctis . . refocillantur : bold metaphors.

^{page 16 note 4} qui : P's quoniam is much better, for it is otiose to repeat here that Knútr was the elder (cf. I, 3), but reasonable to point out that, as the elder, he spoke first; cf. Nithard, iii. 5, ‘ Lodhuuicus, quoniam maior natu erat, prior … . . testatus est’.

^{page 17 note 5} teneto : the Encomiast is fond of the imper. sing. act. in -to : cf. II, 15, persoluito, occidito ; III, I, inuadito.

^{page 18 note 1} poscit, etc.: the combination of licet + acc. and inf. with posco + inf. makes a rather violent though syntactically regular clause.

^{page 19 note 1} hebetatis luminibus : cf. hebetate uisus, Aen. ii. 605, and the expression oculos hebetare, in various authors, first Plin., N.H. viii. 129.

^{page 20 note 1} pugnam . . capescerent : a frequent collocation in Livy and Tacitus.

^{page 20 note 2} solutis … anchoris : a phrase used also by Cicero, Att. i. 13, 1.

^{page 20 note 3} alatis : unusual as an epithet of ships; cf. Cassiod., Var. i. 35, ratis . . alaia uelis.

^{page 20 note 4} in unum conspirati : ‘ acting as one man ’; cf. Sen., Ep. 84, 10, in unum conspirata, of a mind in which innumerable items of knowledge are blended into one.

^{page 20 note 5} inpetum : to be taken in the unusual sense ‘ army ’, which would arise naturally from passages where impetus means practically ‘army in attack’.

^{page 22 note 1} ut non tantum, etc. : the idea seems to be that some fell dead, but others threw themselves on the ground to avoid the blows of their adversaries.

^{page 22 note 2} menbra : a genuine medieval spelling (e.g., the ‘ Astronomer ’, Vita Hludowici, 34; Miracula S. Bauonis, i. 5 ; Folquin, Gesta Abbdtum, frequently).

^{page 22 note 3} adiacentem : I hesitate to read [ad] adiacentem : see Introduction, p. xxxii.

^{page 22 note 4} his : i.e., is, see Introduction, p; xxxviii.

^{page 22 note 5} initoque salubri consilio : the expression consilium inire is frequent, while consilium salubre (which occurs again below, III, 3), is an old cliche, found first in Cicero, much used in late and medieval writers (see Archivum Latinitatis medii aevi, ix. 101–2), and beloved by Dudo.

^{page 22 note 6} Hoc ubi Cnutoni, etc. : ‘ this was done at a time when it appealed sufficiently to Knútr ’, i.e., the peace proposals came at a time when Knútr was quite willing to end hostilities. The Encomiast has not Dudo's enthusiasm for the split ablative absolute, but there is no reason against assuming that he used one here. Gertz proposes factu, but this spoils the rhyme with constitute, does not greatly ease the construction, and gives a less satisfactory sense. Cf. II, 13, below, where the willingness of the Danes to conclude peace is again emphasised.

^{page 22 note 7} nauium stipendia : ‘ the equipment of his ships ’, not ‘ the wages of his crews ’, for it would be absurd to suggest that Knútr could have thought for a moment of discharging his crews while Eadmund was still in the field; cf. Glossary, s.v. stipendia.

^{page 24 note 1} ascensis ratibus : the collocation occurs also Flor. i. 43, 3, and Iuuenc. iii. 124. Cf. below, III, 4, ascensis puppibus.

^{page 24 note 2} singularem pugnam : so Macr., Sat. v. 2, 15, for ‘ single combat’.

^{page 24 note 3} posthabitis : ‘ left behind ’ ; cf. the ‘ Astronomer ’, Vita Hludowici, 15, ‘ omnibus, quae castrensis habitatio habuit, posthabitis’.

^{page 24 note 4} simplissimo : superlative from simplus (see Lewis and Short).

^{page 25 note 5} intextum : Gertz unnecessarily reads contextum against both L and P ; cf. Aen. x. 785, intextum tauris opus ; Luc. v. 516–17, domus … . .iunco cannaque intexta.

^{page 25 note 6} nos Latini : ‘ we Latinists ’. Gertz reads Latine, spoiling the rhyme with interpretari. P, like L, reads Latini (not Latinis as Gertz alleges). Cf. Bede, Hist. Eccl. iv. 13, ‘ qualis locus a Latinis paeninsula, a Grecis solet cherronesos uocari ’, and good instances of Latinus, ‘ Latin scholar ’, quoted by L. Traube, Einleitung in die lat. Philologie des Mittelalters, 89–91, especially ‘ esse uelim Graecus, cum uix sim, domna, Latinus ’.

^{page 26 note 1} quia : not causal in force, but a mere connective; cf. Stolz-Schmalz, p. 726.

^{page 26 note 2} se/gladiis, etc. : the sense clearly demands that uoluntarius be taken as a comparative adverb, and similarly formed comparatives from adjectives in -ius are found, though they are rare (e.g. industrior, Plaut., Most., 150). The sentence apparently means that the warriors were unwilling to oppose themselves to the swords (i.e. accept attack passively), but more ready to attack others with the points of their own swords. It is not possible to ease the construction by taking haud sponte as ‘ not alone ’ ; it must be taken as ‘ not willingly ’, in contrast to uoluntarius, ‘ more willingly ’, in the next clause. Gertz translates : ‘ det var ikke med deres gode Vilje, naar de blot stillede sig til Modværge mod de andres Sværd, nej meget mere stod deres Lyst til selv at trænge ind paa de andre med Odden af deres egne Sværd ’.

^{page 27 note 3} aduesperante : this one word absolute construction is unusual with a present participle, and Gertz is probably right in adding die and comparing Vulg., Prov. vii. 9.

^{page 27 note 4} nocti . . cedere : an expression used by Livy (III, 17, 9, etc.) and also found in verse (Sil. v. 677).

^{page 27 note 6} fugam meditari : an extremely common expression; see Thes., s.v. fuga, col. 1469.

^{page 28 note 1} transacta iam nocte plus media : cf. above, II, 3, mense plus integro. The qualification of an adjective by adverbial plus is not usual except with numeral adjectives, as in Verg., Georg. iv. 207, plus septima . . aetas ; but cf. Oros., i. 10, 19, etc., plus solitus. (The late use of plus with the positive adjective to express the comparative degree is, of course, another idiom entirely.)

^{page 28 note 2} saniora . . querunt consilia : the collocation consilium sanum is old and frequent; an example with comparative adjective and plural noun is Curt., iv. 1, 9 ; consilium quaerere is also frequent, Sall., Iug. 70, 5 ; etc. (see Thes., s.v. consilium, col. 488).

^{page 28 note 3} remanere : practically equivalent to esse ; on the similar use of manere in late Latin, see Stolz-Schmalz, p. 610.

^{page 28 note 4} cui nequit resisti: the only natural translation is ‘ whom it is not possible to resist’, taking nequit as an impersonal verb, which is not usual (e.g., Plaut., Truc. 553 ; cf. Löfstedt, Philologischer Kommentar zur Peregrinatio Aetheriae, pp. 43–7) and resisti with impersonal force, as in Caes., B.G. i. 37 ; B.C. iii. 63.

^{page 29 note 5} proh dolor : this exclamation, of which, since it is an inferior reading in Liv., xxii. 14, 6, the first genuine occurrence is probably Stat., Theb. i. 77, is of quite remarkable frequence in Medieval Latin. It occurs again below. III, 4.

^{page 29 note 6} conspectibus : for the plural of one person, cf. Mart. Cap., ix. 891, tuisque conspectibus, Heges., i. 42, 5, eius conspectibus, etc. Instances are all late. A medieval instance is Vita Minor Stephani Regis; 6.

^{page 30 note 1} omni conamine : also Miracula S. Bertini, 44, and Historia Norvegiae (Storm, p. 122), for older and more frequent toto conamine.

^{page 30 note 2} primaeua aetate :, expression used also by Odilo, Epitaphium Adelheidae, 8; Adalbold, Vita Heinrici, 1.

^{page 32 note 1} eique … caput amputauit: so Suet., Galb. 20, but amputo is constructed with dat. of disadvantage in the Vulgate, as 2 Mach. vii. 4.

^{page 32 note 2} stirpe, etc. : Gertz unnecessarily adds nobilissima after stirpe ; but cf. Cic, Off. ii. 16, 57, cum cognomine diues tum copiis.,

^{page 32 note 3} temporum : Gertz reads temporis here and ille below to soften the neglect of reflexive forms, but this is not unusual in the Encomium, see Introduction, p. xxv.

^{page 32 note 4} dona regalia : a set medieval collocation, e.g., Thegan, Vita Hludowici, 42.

^{page 32 note 5} alternants : The Encomiast uses both -e and -i in the abl. sing, of participles in -nt- and comparatives in -ior- : examples with -e are frequent, cases with -i are II, 7, sequenti ; II, 8, aptiori; II, 10, eminentiori, fortiori; II, 12, fortiori; II, 23, maiori. He would find authority for such forms in his favourite poets Virgil and Lucan (e.g., Aen. i. 71, praestanti; Luc. vii. 161, maiori; ix. 996, priori), and they are of course common in medieval writers.

^{page 34 note 1} habitis internuntiis : ‘ messengers having been exchanged ’ ; for the force of habitis, cf. Cic, Rep. vi. 9, multisque uerbis ultro citroque habitis.

^{page 34 note 2} magnitudo gaudii : also Hier., In Ier. xxx. 4.

^{page 34 note 3} compulsi : in agreement with the more remote subject, populi.

^{page 34 note 4} quid multis immoror : an expression of great frequency in Christian Latin; it occurs also above, II, 16.

^{page 34 note 5} ‘ Harde ’ : for a discussion of the etymology of this name-element here offered by the Encomiast, and of the reason which he gives for the name chosen for the prince see the Additional Notes in Appendix V.

^{page 35 note 6} ‘ uelox ’ uel ‘ fortis ’ : Gertz supplies ualet after these words, but this spoils the rhyme with his : it seems more likely that the Encomiast has here left the verbal idea to be supplied. in eo uno : ‘ in him above all others ’ ; Aen. v. 704, unum Tritonia Pallas quem docuit.

^{page 35 note 7} in primis : Gertz in his translation assumes that the idea of the passage is, that at first Knútr held Denmark only, but that he ultimately secured the various other realms. The Encomiast, however, knew perfectly well that Knútr became king of England while his brother was still king of Denmark, and, in any event, the sentence will not bear the meaning given to it by Gertz, but in fact implies that when Knutr first became king of Denmark, he found himself ruler of five countries. On the historical aspect of the matter, see Introduction, p. Ixii.

^{page 36 note 1} misericordiarum : this plural, like those of other abstract nouns, is common in the Vulgate.

^{page 36 note 2} urbe Sancti Audomari : this expression is, no doubt, already fully a place-name : L. Deschamps de Pas, Histoire de … . Saint-Omer (Arras, 1880), p. 1, quotes castellum S. Audomari as a form of the name already from the tenth century, and in the Vita Aeduuardi (Luard, Lives of Edward the Confessor, p. 424) the town is said to be named after the saint; cf. Old English Chronicle, C 1065, D 1067, æt (to) See Audomare.

^{page 37 note 3} lacrimarum … . flumina : this expression, for which the Encomiast, despite his wealth of poetical language, offers an apology, is frequent, but late: see Thes., s.v. flumen, col. 966 ; medieval occurrences are the ‘ Astronomer ’, Vita Hludowici, 63, and Odilo, Epitaphium Adalheidae, 15.

^{page 37 note 4} iota intentions: cf. Odilo, Vita Maioli (Patrologia, cxlii. 950), tota mentis intentions.

^{page 38 note 1} lugebatur … . letetur : in view of the isti … illi of the sentences which follow, these verbs are not to be taken personally, ‘ let him rejoice as much as he was lamented ’, but impersonally. This is a normal use of the passive of lugeo (e.g., Cat., 39, 5), but is a trifle uneasy with the deponent letor.

^{page 37 note 2} spiritum … . letandum : ‘ let them lead his spirit aloft, to be rejoiced over in everlasting rest’. For the gerundive of letor used with the accusative, of the direct object, cf. Sall., Iug. xiv. 22, laetandum … . . casum tuum ; on the late use of the gerundive to supply the wanting future participle passive, see Stolz-Schmalz, pp. 447, 556, 597. corpus examine : the expression, which occurs again below, III, 6, 17, is as frequent in the medieval as the classical period : e.g., Dudo (ed. Duchesne, p. 105) ; Vita Mahthildis, 8 ; Ruotger, Vita Brunonis, 48.

^{page 39 note 2} [Wyntonie] : it would be better for rhyme to place this word before constructo, but a whole clause may be lost: cf. Textual Note.

^{page 40 note 1} laudare uel benedicere : infinitives present for future; Gertz eases the construction, by inserting uelle after laudare, but cf. below. III, 11, where deserere is for deserturum esse.

^{page 40 note 2} abcessit : a genuine spelling (see, e.g.. Monk of St. Gall, Gesta Karoli, ii, 12, Sig. Gemblac, Vita Deoderici, 16), though Duchesne and Gertz normalise.

^{page 40 note 3} iniquo . . consilio : a rare collocation, cf. Aug., De Civ. Dei, xx. 19, 4, iniquo malignoque consilio, which was perhaps echoing in Pertz's mind when he mis-copied iniquo as maligno in the passage under discussion.

^{page 41 note 4} nullum … . effectum acciperet : i.e., nihil efficeret ; for this late use of accipere + abstract noun to form periphrastic tenses, see Stolz-Schmalz, p. 790.

^{page 41 note 5} in persona : ‘ in the name of ’.

^{page 41 note 6} karissimi : this superlative is often spelled with k in the period, especially when vocative: e.g., Vita Mahthildis, 14, etc.; Odilo, Epitaphium Adalheidae, 18 ; Miracula S. Bertini, 44.

^{page 42 note 1} ex parte : used for the classical ex persona.

^{page 42 note 2} arripiens iter : a frequent collocation, perhaps first Stat., Theb. i. 100.

^{page 42 note 31} proximus, illi, etc. : I place the comma after proximus with Pertz, rather than after illi with Gertz, as it is better, for the rhyme for proximus to end a clause. Gertz's punctuation gives better syntax, however, for it supplies a word for proximus to govern, and there is no objection to the absolute use of obuius fieri whicn it involves, for this occurs again below. III, 13.

^{page 43 note 4} innocentum : the Encomiast would easily find authority for such forms in the classical poets, e.g., Aen. vi. 200, sequenium, and they are, of course, the rule in Plautus, who actually has Rud. 619, innocentum.

^{page 43 note *} I borrow some expressions from Milton's translation of this letter.

^{page 44 note 1} dicunt : Gertz proposes to read dicant or dicant, but this is unnecessary in view of the fairly frequent use of the present for the future in the Vulgate (e.g., Matt. xxvii. 42, descendat nunc … et credimus ei ; loan. xxi. 23, non moritur).

^{page 44 note 2} ceca cupidine capti : the expression caeca eupido is frequent, see Introduction, p. xxxiii. The collocation eupido capit/cupidine capitur is a favourite with Livy (e.g., I, 6, 3), and occurs also Iust., xi. 7, 4, and in the poets (e.g., Aen, iv. 194 : Ov., Met. xiii. 762).

^{page 45 note 3} oculi utrique : if emendation be attempted, it is quite certain that it must not be to the obvious oculos utrosque of P and Duchesne (see introduction, p. xviii), because the sentence is a carefully constructed succession of words ending in -i. Gertz's ut illi deberent oculi utrique is in every way to be preferred, but, since the meaning is obvious, the text may stand as in L, and one of the Encomiast's rare syntactical lapses may be assumed.

^{page 46 note 1} confundebatur merore : the expression maerore confundi is early, e.g., Liv. xxxv. 15, 9.

^{page 46 note 2} consilio . . utitur : the expression consilio uti is of very great frequence in both classical and later times.

^{page 46 note 3} prosperis usi flatibus : Cic., Off. ii. 19, prospero flatu . . utimur : the expression flatus prosperus occurs also Dict. Cret., i. 23, and Cod. Theod. cxxxv. 34.

^{page 48 note 1} Normanniam : the poetical construction of the accusative of names of countries without preposition after verbs of motion to express motion whither (as Aen. i. 2, Italiam … . uenit), is sometimes adopted in medieval prose : e.g., Historia Norvegiae (Storm, p., 219), uenit Flandream. For the use of the construction in earlier prose, see Stolz-Schmalz, p. 387.

^{page 48 note 2} incussit : this use of incutio for concutio or percutio, though rare, is classical (e.g., Val. Fl., v. 550).

^{page 49 note 3} intolerabili . . dolore : frequent collocation, see Thes., s.v. dolor, col. 1851.

^{page 49 note 4} mens … . . fatiscit : this collocation occurs Stat., Theb. iv. 187, and is elsewhere extremely rare.

^{page 49 note 5} doloris anxietate fatigabatur : the collocation dolor fatigat is fairly frequent, see Thes., s.v. dolor, col. 1844.

^{page 49 note 6} suppara uelorum : usually alta suppara uelorum, but cf. Sen., Here. Oct. 699.

^{page 49 note 7} anchorae, etc.: references to the anchor of a ship catching in the sand are not infrequent, Thes., s.v. harena, col. 2529.

^{page 49 note 8} paucarum dierum : only three instances of the plural of dies in the fem, are given by Thes., s.v. dies, col. 1023, lines 70–2.

^{page 50 note 1} certior fit : ‘ is duly informed ’; Gertz is in error in suggesting that certior here means securior. For the absolute use of certiorem facere, cf. Plaut., Bacch., 841, ex me quidem hodie numqudm fies certior. Note also below, III, 13, where certum facere is similarly used (cf. Aen. iii. 179). Cf. Thes., s.v. certus, col. 922.

^{page 50 note 2} secundo . . cursu : an old and favourite collocation : e.g., Caes., B.C. iii. 47; Liv., xlv. 41, 8.

^{page 50 note 3} rudibusque : Gertz makes the tempting emendation to rudentibusque, but I have preferred not to emend, assuming that the Encomiast imagined that ‘rods’ of some kind were used in mooring the vessels, or even, that confusion may have sometimes taken place in the senses of rudis and rudens : in a fifteenth-century glossary (Wülcker's revision of Wright's Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies, i, 608), the meaning ‘ cable ’ is assigned to both words.

^{page 51 note 4} heredetario iure : this expression is exceptionally common in Medieval Latin ; it is of early origin, occurring perhaps first in Floras, i. 24, 7, as the text is not reliable in Cic, Har. Resp. 14.

^{page 51 note 5} auiti regni : an expression which occurs already Cic, Manil. 8 ; Liv. i. 15, 6. populares . . aures : also Odilo, Miracula Adalheidae, 7.

^{page 51 note 6} cunctas : apparently, the matronae of the sentence after next by a rather violent use of e sequentibus praecedentia.

^{page 53 note *} The allusion is to Lucan's nulla fides regni sociis (i. 92).