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ABUNDANCE AND PHENOLOGY OF PARASITOIDS OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE), IN CONNECTICUT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Chris T. Maier
Chris T. Maier
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504–1106
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Abstract

Parasitoids of the trivoltine spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in Connecticut apple orchards to determine their relative importance, emergence patterns, and seasonal abundance. Sixteen parasitoid species, including 12 eulophids, emerged from mines formed by 4th- and 5th-instar leafminer larvae. The species were primary, secondary, or facultative secondary parasitoids. Five were new records. The braconid Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) was the most abundant in the first and third leafminer generations, and the eulophid Sympiesis marylandensis Girault was the most abundant in the second generation. Ratios of parasitoids to Phyllonorycter spp. were generally higher in samples from unsprayed trees than in those from sprayed trees. Major parasitoids usually emerged 1 to 4 wk before their larval hosts became plentiful. Sweep samples indicated relatively high abundance of one or both major parasitoids during the first and second leafminer generations. Monitoring of parasitoids and the judicious use of insecticides may have a critical role in pest management programs utilizing native parasitoids of leafminers.

Résumé

Les parasitoïdes attaquant la mineuse Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), ont fait l'objet d'une étude dans des pommeraies du Connecticut afin d'établir leur importance relative, leurs patrons temporels d'émergence et leur abondance saisonnière. Seize espèces de parasitoïdes dont douze eulophides, ont émergé à partir des mines creusées par les larves des 4ième et 5ième stades de la mineuse. Ces espèces comprenaient des parasitoïdes primaires, secondaires et facultativement secondaires. Cinq se sont avérées de nouvelles mentions. Le braconide Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) était l'espèce la plus commune lors des première et troisième générations de mineuse, alors que l'eulophide Sympiesis marylandensis Girault était la plus abondante lors de la deuxième génération. Le rapport numérique parasitoïdes/Phyllonorycter spp. était généralement plus élevé dans les échantillons provenant d'arbres non traités que dans ceux provenant d'arbres traités. Les principaux parasitoïdes sont généralement émergés de 1 à 4 semaines après que les larves hôtes soient devenues abondantes. Des échantillonnages au filet ont révélé une abondance relativement élevée de l'un ou des deux parasitoïdes principaux durant la première et la seconde génération de mineuse. La surveillance des parasitoïdes et l'utilisation judicieuse des insecticides pourraient jouer un rôle critique dans les programmes de lutte intégrée ayant recours aux parasitoïdes indigènes de mineuses.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 3 , March 1984 , pp. 443 - 449
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

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