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DISPERSAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PLEOLOPHUS BASIZONUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Peter W. Price
Peter W. Price
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Quebec, Quebec
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Abstract

Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) is a parasitoid from Europe introduced in Canada and liberated between 1939 and 1949 to supplement natural mortality factors of sawfly populations. Three recoveries reported in the literature show that the parasitoid has dispersed 81 km at 4.3 km per year in Ontario, between 109 and 161 km at 4.5 and 5.6 km per year in Quebec, and 172 km at 8.6 km per year in Michigan. Dispersal occurs by walking, possibly by short flights and by water while the parasitoid is within the host cocoon. Female parasitoids do not fly unless disturbed and dispersal by water cannot account for their movement in Quebec. In observation trays, the mean rate of travel on the ground by female parasitoids was 20.9 cm per minute. This speed is sufficient to account for the rates of dispersal recorded in the field. The parasitoid was present in every jack pine stand sampled between 1965 and 1968 in the western part of the St. Maurice River watershed in Quebec. The most abundant host was Neodiprion swainei Middleton. Absolute population estimates indicate that the parasitoid responds positively to host density and that it is an important addition to the native parasitoid complex.

Résumé

Le Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) est un parasitoïde européen introduit au Canada et propagé entre 1939 et 1949 afin de renforcer les facteurs de mort naturelle chez les Tenthrèdes qui infestent les arbres forestiers. Selon trois rapports publiés, il s’est répandu sur 81 km (au taux de 4.3 km par an) en Ontario, 109 à 161 km (à 4.5 et 5.6 km par an) au Québec, et 172 km (à 8.6 km par an) au Michigan. Il se propage surtout pédestrement, peut-être aussi par de courts vols et par la voie des eaux lorsqu’il habite le cocon de l’hôte. Les femelles ne volent pas à moins d’être dérangées et leur propagation par les cours d’eau n’a pas lieu au Québec. Sur des plateaux expérimentaux, la vitesse moyenne des femelles au sol était de 20.9 cm par mn, chiffre qui confirme les taux de propagation observés sur le terrain. Ce parasitoïde était présent dans tous les peuplements de Pin gris échantillonnés entre 1965 et 1968 dans l’ouest du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Maurice, au Québec. L’hôte le plus abondant s’avérait Neodiprion swainei Middleton. Les estimations de population absolue démontrent que sa densité est proportionnelle à celle de ses hôtes; il constitue une addition importante au groupe de parasitoïdes indigènes.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 102 , Issue 9 , September 1970 , pp. 1102 - 1111
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1970

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