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DISTRIBUTION OF FEEDING DAMAGE BY PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON OILSEED RAPE AND MUSTARD SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO CROP RESISTANCE1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.N. Brandt  and
R.J. Lamb
R.N. Brandt
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

The distribution of feeding damage by adult Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) was examined on the cotyledons, first true leaves, stems, and petioles of four crop species of Brassicaceae (Brassica juncea L. "Cutlass", B. napus L. "Westar", B. rapa L. "Tobin", and Sinapis alba L. "Ochre"). Previous studies showed that B. napus and B. rapa are susceptible, B. juncea is partially resistant, and S. alba is highly resistant to P. cruciferae. Flea beetles usually fed more on the upper surfaces, bases, and edges of cotyledons and first true leaves, but the feeding patterns were not identical on the four species. Phyllotreta cruciferae had a greater preference for the upper surface of S. alba cotyledons than for the upper surfaces of Brassica species. First true leaves of B. napus had over 90% of the feeding damage along the edge, compared with < 70% for the other species. The size of feeding pits did not differ on the upper and lower surfaces of the cotyledons and first true leaves for the Brassica species, but S. alba had smaller feeding pits on the lower surface. Sinapis alba also had the smallest feeding pits on the upper surface of its cotyledons, and S. alba and B. juncea first true leaves had feeding pits about one-half the size of the feeding pits on the other species. There was no significant difference in the amount of stem damage for the four species, but B. juncea had significantly less petiole damage than S. alba. Although there were differences in the way P. cruciferae exploited the seedling tissues of these Brassicaceae, the differences were not consistent with, or were too small to account for, the different levels of resistance of the four crops.

Résumé

Les dommages causés par l’alimentation des adultes de l’Altise des crucifères, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), ont été repérés à l’examen des cotylédons, des premières vraies feuilles, des tiges et des pétioles de quatre espèces commerciales de Brassicaceae (Brassica juncea L. "Cutlass", B. napus L. "Westar", B. rapa L. "Tobin" et Sinapis alba L. "Ochre"). Des études antérieures ont démontré que B. napus et B. rapa sont sensibles à la chrysomèle, que B. juncea est partiellement résistante et que S. alba est très résistante. Les altises se nourrissaient surtout sur la surface supérieure, à la base et sur les bordures des cotylédons et des premières vraies feuilles, mais leurs patterns d’alimentation variaient d’une espèce à l’autre. Phyllotreta cruciferae a manifesté une préférence plus marquée pour la surface supérieure des cotylédons de S. alba que pour la surface supérieure de ceux des espèces de Brassica. Sur les premières vraies feuilles de B. napus, 90% des dommages se trouvaient en bordure, alors que les dommages aux bordures étaient inférieurs à 70% chez les autres espèces. Les cavités causées par l’alimentation de la chrysomèle étaient de taille semblable sur les surfaces supérieure et inférieure des cotylédons et des premières vraies feuilles de Brassica spp., mais chez S. alba, les surfaces inférieures comportaient des cavités d’alimentation plus petites. C’est également S. alba qui comptait les plus petites cavités d’alimentation sur la surface supérieure de ses cotylédons; sur les premières feuilles de S. alba et de B. juncea, les cavités creusées n’avaient que la moitié de la taille des cavités trouvées chez les autres espèces. Les tiges étaient endommagées à peu près également chez toutes les espèces, mais les pétioles de B. juncea étaient significativement moins endommagés que ceux de S. alba. Donc, il existe des différences dans la façon dont P. cruciferae exploite les tissus des jeunes pousses de ces Brassicaceae, mais ces différences ne sont pas reliées de façon systématique à la résistance des espèces ou alors elles ne sont pas assez importantes pour expliquer la variation de la résistance.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 125 , Issue 6 , December 1993 , pp. 1011 - 1021
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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