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THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STORAGE ON THE CAPACITY OF AN ICE-NUCLEATING-ACTIVE BACTERIUM AND FUNGUS TO REDUCE INSECT COLD-TOLERANCE1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Paul Fields ,
Stéphan Pouleur  and
Claude Richard
Paul Fields*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
Stéphan Pouleur
Affiliation:
Agriculture et Agro-Alimentaire Canada, Centre de recherches, 2560 Boulevard Hochelaga, Sainte-Foy (Québec), Canada G1V 2J3
Claude Richard
Affiliation:
Agriculture et Agro-Alimentaire Canada, Centre de recherches, 2560 Boulevard Hochelaga, Sainte-Foy (Québec), Canada G1V 2J3
*
2Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

Cold treatment is used to control the rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), the predominant insect pest of stored grain in Canada. However, because it is difficult to cool the grain enough to control C. ferrugineus quickly, we have examined ways to reduce the cold-tolerance of adult C. ferrugineus, the most cold-hardy stage. We compared the efficacy of two ice nucleators, Pseudomonas syringae and Fusarium avenaceum, to decrease cold-tolerance of this insect, as well as their thermal stability. Ice nuclei from the bacteria P. syringae raised C. ferrugineus supercooling point from −17 to −6 °C, and increased mortality at −9°C for 24 h from 11 to 100%. Pseudomonas syringae held at 30°C for 16 weeks showed only a slight decline in its ability to reduce C. ferrugineus cold-tolerance. The fungus F. avenaceum raised the supercooling point of C. ferrugineus from −17 to −9°C, but only increased the mortality at −9°C for 24 h from 10 to 33%. Wheat treated with F. avenaceum and held at 30°C for 4 weeks reduced the cold-hardiness of C. ferrugineus, but had no effect after 8 weeks at 30°C. One reason for the difference between the two nucleators is that P. syringae had approximately 1000 times more ice nuclei per gram than did F. avenaceum. These results suggest that P. syringae is stable enough to reduce C. ferrugineus cold-tolerance after several weeks on warm grain. We discuss possible ways to increase the ice-nucleating activity of F. avenaceum.

Résumé

Le froid est utilisé pour détruire le cucujide roux (Cryptolestes ferrugineus) (Coleoptera : Cucujidae), principal ravageur du grain entreposé au Canada. Nous avons étudié des méthodes pour réduire la tolérance du C. ferrugineus au froid parce qu’il est difficile de refroidir suffisamment le grain pour détruire rapidement cet insecte. Nous avons comparé l’efficacité et la stabilité de deux nucléateurs, le Pseudomonas syringae et le Fusarium avenaceum, pour diminuer la tolérance de cet insecte au froid. Des noyaux glaçogènes produits par le P. syringae ont élevé le point de surfusion du C. ferrugineus de −17 à −6°C et fait passer de 11 à 100% le taux de mortalité après 24 h à −9°C. L’efficacité du P. syringae placé sur du grain a très peu diminué après 16 semaines à 30°C. Le champignon F. avenaceum a élevé le point de surfusion du C. ferrugineus de −17 à −9°C, mais n’a fait passer que de 10 à 33% le taux de mortalité après 24 h à −9 °C. Après 4 semaines à 30°C, le grain traité avec le F. avenaceum a augmenté le taux de mortalité de l’insecte, mais il n’avait plus d’effet après 8 semaines. La concentration de noyaux glaçogènes, qui est 1000 fois plus grande chez le P. syringae que chez le F. avenaceum, peut expliquer cette différence d’efficacité. Ces résultats suggèrent que le P. syringae est assez stable pour réduire la tolérance du C. ferrugineus au froid après plusieurs semaines sur le grain chaud. On discute des façons possibles d’augmenter l’activité glaçogène du F. avenaceum.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 33 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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Footnotes

1

Winnipeg Research Station Contribution No. 1571.

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