The opprobrium cast on the lepidopterist has been that he did not study the anatomy of his specimens, but depended too much on maculation and colour. There has been much truth in the reproach, as there are few of us who would destroy a rare or unique specimen to examine the neuration. Fortunately the time has arrived when the neuration can be studied with the greatest ease and accuracy, and permanently rerecorded in a photograph, or, more strictly speaking, a radiograph. The anatomy of a living chrysalis may be studied without removing the cocoon, and also the internal anatomy of the thorax and abdomen can be fairly well seen, and in time the process may be improved for this work.