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Pheromone released from polyvinyl chloride dispensers disrupts mate-finding and pheromone-source location by Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cranberries1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Sheila M. Fitzpatrick ,
James T. Troubridge  and
Celine Maurice
Sheila M. Fitzpatrick*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
James T. Troubridge
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
Celine Maurice
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, PO Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
*
2 Corresponding author (e-mail: fitzpatricks@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Blackheaded fireworm (Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.)) mating can be disrupted by pheromone components released from spiral polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dispensers in large field plots on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon (Aiton) (Ericaceae)) farms. The main pheromone component ((Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-14:Ac)) or a blend similar to natural pheromone (Z11-14:Ac, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9-12:Ac)) was released from PVC dispensers into 0.8-ha plots on cranberry farms. Regardless of the treatment, free-flying males in treatment plots located fewer than 5% of individually caged virgin females, whereas mate location in most control plots ranged from 14%–75%. Location of pheromone lures loaded with 1.0 mg of the three-component blend was reduced in both treatments, but not to the same extent as was location of females. The magnitude of mating disruption indicated by 0.01-mg lures was similar to that indicated by caged females. Estimated release rates from dispensers loaded with Z11-14:Ac alone were linear and similar in both years of the study, declining from 575–720 mg/ha per day to 175–220 mg/ha per day after 100 days. Three-component dispensers placed in the field in July 1994 showed a steeper decline in release rates of Z11-14:Ac and a change in component ratios from 6.2:2.5:1 to 8:2:1 (Z11-14:Ac: Z11-14:OH: Z9-12:Ac) over the 60-day release period. After one season of mating disruption, the number of eggs and the number of foliar samples with larval feeding shelters were not consistently reduced in treatment plots. Mated females may have dispersed into the plots and oviposited. PVC dispensers effectively disseminate pheromone for mating disruption but are labor-intensive to use. In the cranberry system, their use might be limited to research plots and isolated farms of <8 ha.

Résumé

L'accouplement de la tordeuse des canneberges, Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.), peut être perturbé par l'émission de composantes de phéromone émises par des distributeurs en spirale en chlorure de polyvinyle (PVC) dans de grandes parcelles de cultures de canneberges, Vaccinium macrocarpon (Aiton) (Ericaceae). La composante principale de la phéromone, l'acétate de (Z)-11-tétradécén-1-ol (Z11-14:Ac), ainsi qu'un mélange semblable à la phéromone naturelle de Z11-14:Ac, de (Z)-11-tétradécén-1-ol (Z11-14:OH) et d'acétate de (Z)-9-dodécén-1-ol (Z9-12:Ac) ont été relâchés au moyen de distributeurs en PVC sur des parcelles de 0,8 ha de cultures de canneberges. Dans tous les traitements dans l'aire expérimentale, les mâles en vol libre ont réussi à trouver moins de 5 % des femelles vierges gardées dans des cages individuelles; en revanche, la découverte des partenaires varie de 14 % à 75 % dans la plupart des aires témoins. La découverte des leurres chargés de 1,0 mg du mélange des trois composantes de la phéromone est réduite dans les deux traitements, mais moins que la découverte des femelles. L'ampleur de la perturbation de l'accouplement indiquée par un leurre chargé de 0,01 mg est du même ordre que celle indiquée par les femelles en cages. Les taux estimés d'émission des distributeurs garnis de Z11-14:Ac seul sont linéaires et semblables au cours des deux années de l'étude, décroissant de 575–720 mg/ha par jour à 175–220 mg/ha par jour après 100 jours. Les taux d'émission des distributeurs du mélange à trois composantes installés dans les parcelles en juillet 1994 ont subi un déclin plus rapide de Z11-14:Ac et un changement dans les rapports des composantes, de 6,2:2,5:1 à 8:2:1 (Z11-14:Ac: Z11-14:OH: Z9-12:Ac) durant les 60 jours d'émission. Après une saison de perturbation des accouplements, le nombre d'oeufs et le nombre d'échantillons qui contiennent des refuges d'alimentation des larves ne sont pas réduits de façon uniforme dans les aires expérimentales. Des femelles accouplées peuvent s'être introduites dans les parcelles et y avoir pondu. Les distributeurs de PVC émettent la phéromone de manière efficace, mais leur utilisation est laborieuse. Dans les cultures de canneberges, leur utilisation peut être limitée aux aires de recherche expérimentales et aux petites fermes isolées de <8 ha.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 136 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 91 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2004

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Footnotes

1

Contribution 683 of the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada.

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